Emhlabeni wezinhlanzi zasolwandle, kukhona labo, ngokungahambisani nombono wokuthi abanayo ingqondo ekhethekile, abangakhombisa imikhuba yabo, izici nobuntu babo. Yiqiniso, uhlobo ngalunye lwezinhlanzi lunezici zalo, ezakhelwe kuphela kuye. Kepha kukhona ezinye izakhamizi zamanzi ezihluka kuningi kakhulu. Enye yalezi zinhlanzi ingukuthi i-astronotus.
I-Astronotus ngokwemvelo
Engowohlobo lwe-Cichlids, i-Astronotus ekuqaleni iyinhlanzi yasendle. Kepha, njengezinye izinhlobo, ngokwazisa ubuhle bayo, abathandi be-ichthyofauna benziwe i-astronotus aquarium umhlali. Indawo yokuzalwa kwe-astronotus yiNingizimu Melika, isigodi sase-Amazon, imifula iParana, iParaguay neNegro. Kamuva, walethwa ngokuzenzela eChina, eFlorida, e-Australia, lapho ajwayela khona kahle.
Le yinhlanzi enkulu impela, ngosayizi we-35-40 cm endle (e-aquarium ikhula kuze kufike ku-25 cm), ngakho-ke, ezweni lakubo, kubhekwa njengenhlanzi yokuhweba. Inyama ye-Astronotus yaziswa kakhulu ngokunambitheka kwayo. Umzimba wenhlanzi uthotshisiwe kancane ukusuka ezinhlangothini, umi okweqanda ngenhloko enkulu namehlo aphumile. Amaphiko mude futhi makhulu.
I-astronotus e-aquarium
Vuliwe isithombe se-astronotus uyabona ukuthi inhlanzi impela "iyinyama", ngokungafani nezakhamizi eziningi zasemanzini, futhi lapho uthi nhlá ibukeka njengenhlanzi ejwayelekile yokuhweba.
Kepha, imibala ye-astronotus ikwenza ukuhehe kakhulu. Umbala wabantu abahlukile uhlukile futhi kuya ngohlobo. Isendlalelo esiyinhloko singaba mpunga futhi siqonde kokumnyama. Ubuhle obukhulu be-astronotus bunikezwa ngemivimbo noma ngamabala ayo, atholakala ngokungahleliwe emzimbeni.
Umbala walezi zindawo uphuzi-orange. Kwesinye isikhathi, eduze komsila, kunendawo eyindilinga, ebukeka kakhulu njengeso, yingakho isiqalo - esenziwe ngamehlo sifakwa egameni elithi astronotus. Abesilisa banemibala egqame kakhulu kune i-astronotus yesifazane.
Lapho inhlanzi isilungele ukuzala, umbala omkhulu womzimba uba mnyama, wehlele kokumnyama, namabala nemivimbo iba bomvu. Ngokuvamile, wonke ama-astronotus, womabili asendle futhi afuyelwa ngokungeyikho, ashintsha umbala kalula ngokushintsha okubukhali kwemizwelo - inhlanzi ikhanya kakhulu phakathi nanoma ikuphi ukucindezeleka: noma kungukulwa okuzayo, ukuvikelwa kwensimu noma okunye ukwethuka.
Esithombeni i-astronotus ekhanyayo
Ngombala wezinhlanzi, unganquma futhi nobudala bayo - abantu abasha abakadwetshulwa ngokugqamile, futhi imivimbo yabo imhlophe. Ngaphezu kwezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo, amafomu e-hybrid manje asekhiqiziwe: Ingwe yesayensi yezinkanyezi (elinye igama ngu-oscar), okubomvu (cishe abomvu ngokuphelele, awekho amabala), iveyili (ehlukaniswa amaphiko amade amahle), albino (inhlanzi emhlophe enamabala abomvu namehlo abomvana), nezinye eziningi.
Izici zokugcina izinhlanzi i-Astronotus
Nini ukugcina i-astronotus ku-aquarium, kufanele kubhekwe izimo ezithile. Isidingo sokuqala sizoba ngosayizi wendlu yabo - ngokususelwa kusayizi wezinhlanzi uqobo, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ngababili bezinkanyezi ngendawo yokuhlala enamandla okungenani angama-250-400 amalitha.
Esithombeni, i-albino astronotus
Lezi zinhlanzi azikhethi ngokukhethekile ngamanzi, izinga lokushisa lingaba ngu-20-30 C⁰, i-asidi pH 6-8, ubunzima obungu-23 about. Futhi, uma ubheka emuva ngosayizi walezi zinhlanzi, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi badinga ukushintsha amanzi kaningi - kuze kufike ku-30% wevolumu eshintsha njalo ngesonto.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukufaka isihlungi esihle esisebenza kahle ukuze imikhiqizo yemfucuza yezinhlanzi ingafaki ubuthi emanzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-Astronotus athanda ukwenza isiphithiphithi e-aquarium - ehudula amatshe, ekhipha utshani, esusa imihlobiso ehlukahlukene yokufakelwa nemishini.
Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukwala izingxenye ezincane, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzodingeka uziqoqe njalo uzungeze i-aquarium bese uzibeka endaweni yazo. Esikhundleni senhlabathi, ungabeka amatshe amaningana abushelelezi phansi, ubeke ulwelwe olungakhuli, kepha olintantayo, lungisa imishini kahle. Kuyafaneleka ukuyeka imihlobiso ebukhali nokusika, ngoba inhlanzi, isiqalile ukuhlela kabusha okulandelayo, ingalimala kalula.
Esithombeni, i-tiger astronotus
Enye imfuneko ye-aquarium ukuyihlomisa ngesembozo. Njengoba izazi zezinkanyezi zishesha ngokushesha emanzini, futhi ekuphishekeleni okuthile noma othile bangahle bagxume bazithole sebephansi.
Okuthakazelisa kakhulu futhi kujabulise kumnikazi Izinhlanzi ze-Astronotus Izici ukuthi le nhlanzi ingabamba ngekhanda umnikazi wayo, ibhukude ize ifike ezandleni futhi ikuthokozele ukuthokoziswa.
Uma umuntu eseduze ne-aquarium, khona-ke le nhlanzi, ngokungafani nezinye, ingalandela izenzo zomnikazi wayo, njengokungathi inentshisekelo ezindabeni zayo. Lokhu kuziphatha okuhlakaniphile kukhanga kakhulu kulabo abazilibazisa. Kuliqiniso, ukuphakelwa ngesandla kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela, njengoba inhlanzi ingaluma.
Ukuhambisana kwe-Astronotus nezinye izinhlanzi
Okokuqala, udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi izinkanyezi ziyathandeka, ngakho-ke awukwazi ukuzihlalisa ku-aquarium efanayo nenhlanzi encane, ezoshesha iyofuna isidlo. Ngokufanelekile, i-aquarium ehlukile kufanele ibekelwe eceleni i-Astronotuses. Ngaphandle kwalokho, noma ngabe iphakathi kwezizukulwane zabo, izinhlanzi zingaqala ukuhlangana, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzala.
Uma une-aquarium enkulu (amalitha ayi-1000 noma ngaphezulu), ungagcina izinkanyezi namanye ama-cichlids angaphikisani, isibonelo, i-geophagus. Ungangeza metinnis enkulu ye-haracin. I-Astronotus iyahambisana ngeancistrus encane, bayezwana kahle, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, i-catfish ibeka izinto ngokuhleleka emva kwalabo abathanda ukuzala inhlanzi enkulu.
Kepha, usuqale indawo enjalo, udinga ukugcina imithetho eminingana. Into esemqoka ukufaka ama-astronotus ku-aquarium ngemuva kokuthi i-ancistrus ihlale lapho kancane. Ngezansi udinga ukubeka izinkuni ezinamagatsha, ubeke izingidi noma eminye imihlobiso lapho i-catfish ingacasha khona uma kuba nengozi.
Awu, awudingi ukuxazulula izinhlanzi ezihluke kakhulu ngosayizi ku-aquarium eyodwa. Uma konke kwenziwa kahle, i-aquarium izoqala ukuzihlanza, futhi ngeke kudingeke ukondle i-ancistrus ngokwehlukana, ngoba bayoba nokudla okusele etafuleni le-masterly astronotus.
Ukudla okunomsoco we-Astronotus
Ngokwemvelo yabo, ama-Astronotus adla ngokudla okuhlukahluka ngokuphelele - zombili izitshalo nezilwane echibini labo. Izinambuzane, izibungu, izibungu, onoshobishobi, izilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini nezinambuzane ezingenamgogodla, inhlanzi encane, i-zooplankton, ulwelwe oluhlukahlukene.
E-aquarium, bangaphakelwa izikelemu zomhlaba, imisundu yegazi, izingcezu zenyama (okungcono imisipha yenhliziyo yenkomo), amakhilikithi, izintethe, inyama yezimbaza, imicu yezinhlanzi (okungcono kunezinhlanzi zasolwandle, ngoba izinhlanzi zemifula zingatheleleka ngama-parasites ayingozi), imfanzi, izipele zokudla okungezona okwenziwe, okuphakelayo okuhlanganisiwe nokwetafula. Kuyafaneleka ukwengeza isinkwa esimnyama esigayiwe, i-oatmeal, amaqabunga aluhlaza ekudleni.
Esithombeni, i-astronotus yomsila
Ukondla kufanele kuhlale kuhluka futhi kulinganisiwe. Ngeke uvame ukunikeza izinhlanzi ezinamafutha nezinhlobonhlobo zokudla, ngaphandle kwalokho izinkinga zomgudu wamathumbu azikwazi ukugwenywa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, funda Ukunakekelwa kwe-Astronotus kusho izinsuku zokuzila ukudla, futhi azidingi ukondliwa okungaphezu kwesisodwa ngosuku.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha nokulindelwa kwesikhathi sokuphila kwe-astronotus
Izazi zezinkanyezi ziqala ukuzala ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila. Udinga ukondla kahle izinhlanzi ukuze zisheshe zifinyelele usayizi wamasentimitha ayi-11-12 bese zikhula ngokocansi. Uma unomhlambi, izinhlanzi zizohlukana ngazimbili bese ziqala ukuhlala endaweni yazo e-aquarium, ezovikelwa komakhelwane. Umbhangqwana ungatshalwa ku-aquarium edala futhi uqale ukucasula ukuzala ngokwanda kwezinga lokushisa nokushintsha kwamanzi njalo.
Ababelethi abalindele ngaphambi kokuzalela batjhuguluka khulu ngombala begodu bakhanye khulu, owesifazana uba ne-ovipositor, bese abekela amaqanda ayi-500-1500 etsheni elihlanze ngokucophelela noma kunoma iyiphi enye indawo eyisicaba.
Amaqanda angashiywa nabazali abakhathalelayo, noma adluliselwe ku-aquarium encane ekhethekile, uzinakekele ngokwakho. Ngemuva kwamahora angama-50, izibungu zizoqala ukuchamusela, ezihambahamba ngosuku lwesine. Ukuzondla kuqala ngezingxenyana ezincane kakhulu, kushintshela kancane kancane ekudleni okukhulu.
Izingane zikhula zifike kumasentimitha amathathu ngenyanga. Ngalesi sikhathi esisebenzayo, gazinga lingathengiswa noma lisatshalaliswe. Intengo ye-Astronotus kuyehluka kuye ngosayizi, ngakho inhlanzi efinyelela kumasentimitha ama-5 ibiza cishe ama-ruble angama-500, kanti enkulu kunazo zonke, cishe amasentimitha angama-20, ibiza izikhathi eziphindwe kayishumi.
Izazi zezinkanyezi zizalela ngokuzithandela, cishe kanye ngenyanga. Kepha ngonyaka kufanele uthathe ikhefu izinyanga ezingama-2-3. Kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10, izinhlanzi zihlala zikwazi ukuzala, futhi zihlala ngokunakekelwa okufanele kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-15.
