Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Kuyamangaza nje ukuthi kungani le kuyinyoni eziqhoshayo nenhle kangaka egqoke isiqalo esingemnandi "indawo yokungcwaba". Phambilini, bekukholelwa ukuthi lolu khozi londla izidumbu kuphela, ngakho-ke baqala ukulubiza kanjalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi inyoni ivame ukukhetha ukuhlola indawo ezungeze izindunduma, ize yaqhamuka nencazelo "indunduma yokungcwaba". Kodwa-ke, sekutholakale isikhathi eside ukuthi ukudla okuyinhloko kokhozi umdlalo omusha.
Kepha, njengoba lenyoni ingakwazi ukuphikisana negama layo, akekho owaqala ukuyiqamba kabusha kanjalo. Indawo yokungcwaba ukhozi Isilwane esikhulu esidla inyoni. Ubude bomzimba wayo bungu-83-85 cm, izimpiko zayo zifinyelela ku-2 m ngobubanzi, kanti ukhozi lunesisindo esingaba ngu-4.5 kg. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abesifazane bakhulu kakhulu kunabesilisa.
Ngombala wezimpaphe zawo, indawo yokungcwaba ifana kakhulu nokhozi lwegolide, lumnyama kakhulu. Futhi incane kunokhozi olusagolide ngosayizi. Ungahlukanisa futhi lezi zinyoni ezimbili ngezimpaphe ekhanda nasentanyeni, eduze kwenhlabathi yokungcwaba zicishe zibe nombala wotshani, futhi zimnyama okhozini lwegolide.
Yebo, futhi izinkozi zegolide azinawo "ama-epaulets" - amabala amhlophe emahlombe abo. Kodwa lokhu kwehluka kungabonakala kuphela ezinyonini ezindala ezindala kuneminyaka engu-5, kuze kube yileso sikhathi lapho intsha ingenawo umbala "wokugcina".
Le nyoni inomsindo omkhulu. Yonke imicimbi, noma ingabalulekile kangako, ihambisana "namazwana". Noma ngabe kuyindlela yomphikisi, ukuvela kwesilwane esithile noma umuntu, ngakho konke ukungcwatshwa kwezinyoni uphendula ngemisindo ezwakala kakhulu.
Futhi kuyaqabukela omemezayo athule ngenkathi esesha futhi eheha umngani. Izwi lendawo yokungcwaba likhulu futhi lizwakala ebangeni lekhilomitha. Ukukhala kuyehluka, kwesinye isikhathi kufana nokukhala kwegwababa, kwesinye isikhathi kufana nokukhonkotha kwenja, kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala impempe ende, ephansi. Ezinye izinkozi azikho "ukukhuluma kakhulu".
Lalela izwi lomhlabathi wokungcwaba
Uncamela emathafeni, emahlathini asemahlane nasezifundeni eziwugwadule, wakhetha amahlathi aseningizimu ye-Eurasia, i-Austria neSerbia. Izizwa ikhululekile eRussia, eningizimu-ntshonalanga, itholakala e-Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Mongolia naseNdiya.
Yize kusatshalaliswa kabanzi kangaka, inani lolu khozi lincane kakhulu. Ososayensi ababukeli bezinyoni bayalazi inani eliqondile lamaphara lapho bekhona. Kuyacaca ukuthi ngenombolo enjalo indawo yokungcwaba ibhalwe kuRed Book.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Umsebenzi omkhulu wale nyoni uwela ngosuku. Lapho nje ilanga liphuma futhi imisebe ivusa imvelo ebuthongweni bobusuku, ukhozi selundizela ngaphezu kwenhlabathi. Ubheka isisulu. Kusekuseni nantambama lapho umbono wakhe umvumela khona ukuthi abone ngisho negundane elincane endaweni ephakeme kakhulu. Futhi ebusuku inyoni ithanda ukuphumula.
Izinkozi azihlali emhlambini, zingakwazi ukumelana ngokuzimela nanoma yiziphi izinkinga ngendlela yezitha. Futhi abanazitha ezisobala, ngaphandle komuntu. Noma ngabe kuvinjelwe ukubanjwa kwale nyoni, umuntu ubamba izindawo zokungcwaba ukuze athengiswe. Uma inyoni iyivelakancane, kubiza kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadolobha athe chithi saka ashiya isikhala esincane sezinyoni sokuzalela izidleke, kanye nolayini lapho kuqhutshwa khona ugesi, ngokucekela phansi lezi zinyoni. Le nyoni iyaziqhenya, ngeke ibe yize. Ngisho nalabo abangena endaweni yalo indawo yokungcwaba okokuqala uxwayisa ngokumemeza, futhi emva kokuba umhlaseli ongenamahloni eqhubeka nebhizinisi lakhe, engasinaki isixwayiso, inyoni iyahlasela.
Bambalwa abasinda ekuhlaselweni okunjalo. Kodwa-ke, lolu khozi alulwa nomakhelwane balo futhi alwephuli imingcele yendawo uqobo. Yebo, lokhu akunzima - azikho izinyoni eziningi zezindawo zokungcwaba, ngakho-ke ukugxila kwabo endaweni eyodwa kuncane kakhulu, futhi izindawo zenyoni eyodwa zinezindawo ezinkulu lapho kunokudla okwanele khona.
Ukudla kwenhlabathi yokungcwaba
Imenyu eyinhloko yale nyoni ngamagundane nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-gopher, amagundane, ama-hamsters, ama-marmots, nama-hares. Ukhozi aluzideleli izinyoni. Uthanda ikakhulukazi i-grouse ne-corvids. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi indawo yokungcwaba inezinyoni ezanele kuphela lapho zisuka, futhi ukhozi aluzithinti izinyoni ezindizayo.
Kwenzeka ukuthi inyoni kufanele idle futhi ifile. Lokhu kwenzeka kaningi entwasahlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, akuwona wonke amagundane asavukile aphela emigodini yawo, ngakho-ke izindawo zokungcwaba ezisanda kufika zisuka ebusika futhi zilungiselela ukuvela kwenzalo azinasikhathi sokukhetha.
Inyoni eyodwa idinga ukudla okungama-600 g. Esikhathini esihle kakhulu, ukhozi lungadla ngaphezu kwekhilogremu, ngeke lufa uma ludla ama-200 g okudla. Kepha entwasahlobo, amandla adingeka ikakhulukazi, ngakho-ke kusetshenziswa izidumbu zezilwane ezifuyiwe ezifile kanye nezidumbu zezilwane ezingasindanga ebusika.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Imibhangqwana eshadile ihlala njalo. Imvamisa, ngisho nasebusika, izinyoni ezimbili ziyahlangana. Ngakho-ke, lapho befika bevela ebusika, imidlalo yokukhwelana ihlelwa kakhulu izinkozi ezincane, ezingakwazanga ukuzakhela umbandela "womshado".
Izinkozi zingaqala ukwakha imindeni yazo nokuzala izingane kuphela lapho iminyaka yazo isidlulile eminyakeni emi-5-6. Bese kuthi, ngoMashi noma ngo-Ephreli, abesilisa nabesifazane babe nokuthula kakhulu. Bakhuphukela esibhakabhakeni futhi babonise konke abakwaziyo - benza ama-pirouettes amahle kakhulu, badonsela ukunakekela kumuntu wabo.
Lonke leli khono lihambisana nokukhala okukhulu, okungapheli. Lokhu kuziphatha kunzima kakhulu ukungakuqapheli, ngakho-ke ngababili abasha benziwa ngokushesha okukhulu. Imibhangqwana endala indizela ezindaweni lapho yahlala khona eminyakeni eyedlule futhi ngokushesha baqala ukuhlobisa ikhaya labo, ngenxa yalokho isidleke sikhula minyaka yonke.
Esithombeni kunendawo yokungcwaba isidleke sokhozi esinentshontsho
Izinkozi, ezazingenaso isidleke ngokuhlanganyela phambilini, ziqala ukwakha ngokukhetha indawo. Ngenxa yalokhu, kukhethwa umuthi omude, futhi ebangeni elingu-15-25 m ukusuka emhlabathini, ebugqilini besicoco, kwakhiwa indlu entsha. Ifanele ukwakha namatshe. Lesi sidleke senziwe ngamahlumela, amagxolo, utshani obomile kanye nemfucumfucu ehlukahlukene efanelekile njengezinto zokwakha.
Ububanzi besidleke esisanda kwakhiwa bufinyelela ku-150 cm, buze bufinyelele ku-70 cm ukuphakama.Kwenzeka ukuthi esakhiweni esinjalo "esikhulu", izinyoni ezingenamahloni zizithola - ondlunkulu, ama-wagtails noma ama-jackdaws, ahlala phansi kwendlu yokhozi. Ngemuva kokwakhiwa, insikazi izalela amaqanda ayi-1-3 bese iwafukamela izinsuku ezingama-43.
Ukhozi lwesilisa lusiza ukufukamela inzalo, kepha insikazi ihlala kaningi. Amachwane avela ngaphandle kwezimpaphe, kepha, embozwe umhlophe. Ukhozi aluzishiyi izingane zalo isonto lonke, luyazondla futhi uzifudumeze ngomzimba walo. Ngalesi sikhathi, inhloko yomndeni inakekela ukudla kukamama nezingane.
Kwenzeka ukuthi uma amaphuphu engewona ama-2, njengenjwayelo, kepha ama-3, iphuphu elibuthakathaka liyafa, kepha ukufa kwamachwane okhozi lwendawo yokungcwaba kuncane kakhulu kunalokho kwezinkozi zegolide futhi, imvamisa amachwane akhula ngokuphepha abe sesimweni somuntu omdala. Kakade ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezingu-25, amaphuphu ambozwe ngokuphelele ngophaphe futhi ame ephikweni.
Kodwa-ke, basanamathela kubazali babo. Futhi bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ngemuva kweminyaka engu-5-6. Isikhathi sempilo yezinkozi zamahhala ezivela ezinkozi ezihlala ezimweni ezenziwe ngokwenziwa sikhulu kakhulu. Endle, ineminyaka engu-15-20 ubudala, futhi ezimweni ezenziwe ngumuntu, ifinyelela eminyakeni engama-55.
Ukuvikelwa kwenhlabathi yokungcwaba
Inombolo ukungcwatshwa kwezinyoni incane esabekayo. Sekuyisikhathi eside kubhalwe kwiRed Book, kodwa-ke, lokhu akuhlinzeki ngezinhlobo ngokuphepha okuphelele. Ukuzingela ngokungemthetho, izindawo ezintsha zokwakha, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi - konke lokhu kubulala izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ukuze kusindiswe ukhozi, izinqolobane ziyakhiwa, izinyoni zikhuliswa ema-zoo, zenzelwe izimo ezindaweni ezivikelwe ngokukhethekile. Kukhona ithemba lokuthi lezi zinkozi ngeke zinyamalale, kodwa zizonyukela esibhakabhakeni ngokuphepha okuphelele.
