Abantu abaningi baphupha bebona inyoni efana Ukhozi olwandle lwaseSteller... Ngisho nokuba kude kakhulu esibhakabhakeni, kumangaza wonke umuntu ngamandla ayo, ngoba lolu hlobo lungenye yezinkulu kakhulu futhi ezinkulu kakhulu. Zonke izinyoni zomndeni wama-hawk nazo ziheha ngobuhle bazo obungajwayelekile nesivinini sombani. Kepha okokuqala nje, kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi lo mmeleli wama-hawk uyisilwane esinolaka kakhulu. Ake sibhekisise impilo yokhozi lwasolwandle lwaseSteller.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Ukhozi lwasolwandle lukaSteller
Igama lale nhlobo, elisetshenziswa namuhla, alizange livele ngokushesha. Ekuqaleni, le nyoni yayibizwa ngokuthi i-Steller Eagle, ngoba yatholwa ngenkathi ihambela eKamchatka ngaphansi kobuholi besazi semvelo esidumile uGeorg Steller. Ngendlela, emazweni amaningi kusabizwa kanjalo. EsiNgisini, igama lakhe wokhozi olwandle lwaseSteller.
Abesifazane nabesilisa bathola umbala ofanayo iminyaka emithathu kuphela yokuphila kwabo. Njengamachwane, anezimpaphe, ansundu ngezisekelo ezimhlophe, anemigqa emifushane. Abantu abadala iningi labo linsundu, njengama-hawk amaningi, ngaphandle kwebunzi, i-tibia kanye nezembozo zamaphiko. Yizimpaphe ezimhlophe ezingxenyeni engenhla yephiko ezahlukanisa lolu hlobo kolunye uhlobo lomndeni woKlebe.
Yize iqiniso lokuthi ukhozi lwasolwandle lwaseSteller luyinyoni enamandla amakhulu, inezwi "elincane". Kule nyoni ungezwa kuphela ikhwela elithulile noma ukumemeza. Kuyathakazelisa ukuphawula ukuthi amaphuphu anezwi elinamandla kakhulu kunabantu abadala. Ngokusho kososayensi abanolwazi, izinguquko ezenzakalweni zenzeka ngesikhathi okuthiwa "ukuguqulwa konogada".
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ukhozi lwasolwandle lukaSteller
Njengazo zonke ezinye izinkozi, ulwandle iSteller lukhulu impela. Kodwa-ke, ngosayizi isakhulu kancane kuneziqalo zayo ngokubukeka. Ubude obuphelele bamathambo enyoni bucishe bube ngamasentimitha ayi-110, kanti isisindo sayo singafinyelela ngisho namakhilogremu ayi-9. Ukhozi lwasolwandle lwaseSteller lunamehlo amahle ansundu amahle ngokumangalisayo, uqhwaku olukhulu oluphuzi nemilenze ephuzi enezinzipho ezimnyama. Ngenxa yeminwe yayo emide, le nyoni ingabamba kalula isisulu sayo, ishaye izindawo zayo ezibalulekile ngozipho lwayo lwangemuva.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukhozi lwasolwandle lwaseSteller lunomlomo ophuzi ogqame kakhulu. Iyabonakala kubantu ngisho nasenkungwini enamandla kakhulu. Abadobi baseMpumalanga Ekude bakusebenzisa ngokunenzuzo lokhu. Uma bebona inyoni indiza ngomlomo ogqamile ophuzi, kwakubakhombisa ukuthi sekuseduze basondele ezweni.
Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obukhulu, le nyoni ayikwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade. Imvamisa zindiza cishe imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku. Yile nto eyenza abantu babe nesidleke eduze kolwandle noma amanzi amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, yize lokhu kungaphephile, ngoba imvamisa lezi zindawo ziqukethe isixuku esikhulu sabantu.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ukhozi lwasolwandle lwaseSteller luhlukaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zomndeni woKlebe “ngamahlombe” alo amhlophe, ubude bomzimba namaphiko, kanye noqhwaku oluphuzi ngendlela emangalisayo. Ukundiza kwayo okuhle nokungajahi kuhlobisa isibhakabhaka semizi esiseduze kwamanzi.
Uhlala kuphi ukhozi lwasolwandle lwaseSteller?
Isithombe: Ukhozi lwasolwandle lukaSteller
Inyoni enjengokhozi olwandle lwaseSteller ingatholakala eduze neKamchatka Territory:
- INhlonhlo YaseKamchatka
- Ogwini lwesifunda saseMagadan
- Isifunda saseKhabarovsk
- Iziqhingi zaseSakhalin naseHakkaido
Le nyoni ihlala ikakhulu eRussia. Kungasebusika kuphela lapho kuhlala khona ubusuku bonke lapho kungatholakala emazweni anjengeJapan, China, Korea naseMelika. Izidleke zazo zitholakala kakhulu ogwini ukuze kuncishiswe ibanga eliya emthonjeni wamanzi oseduze.
Qaphela ukuthi abanye abameleli bohlobo lwezinkozi kanye nomndeni wama-hawk basatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke. Uhlobo ngalunye ludinga isimo sezulu salo lapho kungakhululeka khona ukuhlala kulo.
Imvamisa, kuseKamchatka lapho ungahlangana khona nabavakashi, abathwebuli bezithombe noma abacwaningi abake lapha ukuzobona inyoni engandile njengokhozi lwasolwandle lwaseSteller.
Ludla ini ukhozi lwasolwandle lwaseSteller?
Isithombe: Ukhozi lwasolwandle lukaSteller
Ukudla kwezinkozi zasolwandle zaseSteller akuhlukile ngokuhlukahluka, kunalokho kuyindlala. Ezimweni eziningi, izinyoni zikhetha ukudla izinhlanzi. Izinkozi zasolwandle zaseSteller azinikezwa amandla okuntywila, ngakho-ke ziphoqeleka ukuthi zihlwithe inyamazane yazo ngezidladla zayo, ezigeleza ngaphezulu noma ngezikhathi ezithile ziphume emanzini.
Ukhozi luzwa kahle kakhulu lapho luzala izinhlanzi ze-salmon. Ngalesi sikhathi, uzikhipha ngokuphelele ezinye izinketho zokudla kwakhe. Kuyathakazelisa ukuphawula ukuthi ukhozi lwasolwandle lwaseSteller nalo alunankinga kwesinye isikhathi ludla izinhlanzi ezifile.
Ngezikhathi ezithile, ukhozi lwasolwandle lwaseSteller lungadla izinyoni ezinjengamadada, ama-seagull noma ama-cormorants. Izilwane ezincelisayo nazo zifakiwe ekudleni kwayo, kepha lolu hlobo lwe-hawk luzisebenzisa kaningi kunakho konke okunye. Phakathi kwezintandokazi zakhe kukhona izinsana zezimpawu.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ukhozi lwasolwandle lukaSteller
Njengoba sekuchaziwe ngenhla, ukhozi lwasolwandle lwaseSteller lunamathele kakhulu ogwini lolwandle. Ngokuvamile kukholakala ukuthi lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa yokuthi kulezi zindawo lapho kuvame ukuba khona nenhlanzi enkulu kunazo zonke eyondlayo. Esikhathini esiningi, izindawo zabo zokuhlala zitholakala ebangeni elingekho ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-70 ukusuka emanzini.
Yize iqiniso lokuthi ukhozi lwasolwandle lwaseSteller lubhekwa njengenyoni ezimele, lolu hlobo lomndeni woKlebe aluzilali lodwa. Njengomthetho, izinyoni zihlangana ngamaqembu wezinombolo ezingaba ngu-2-3 ngayinye bese zisondela ngasolwandle. Ngenkathi ebandayo, ukhozi lwasolwandle lwaseSteller lungabonakala nasogwini lwasogwini, ogwini lwaseJapan naseningizimu yeMpumalanga Ekude.
Izinkozi zasolwandle zakwaSteller zakha izidleke zazo ezihlahleni ezinamandla. Inqubo yokwakha ayiqediwe ngokushesha njengezinye izinyoni. Lezi zinhlobo zezinkozi zingakha isidleke sazo iminyaka eminingana size sifinyelele ezingeni elikhulu. Uma izindlu zabo zingabhidlikile ngemuva kokushintsha kwesizini, bakhetha ukuhlala kuzo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ukhozi lwasolwandle lukaSteller
Ukhozi lwasolwandle lwaseSteller luyinyoni engangqubuzani. Bangaphila ebangeni elide komunye nomunye, kepha uma indawo enenqwaba yezinhlanzi iseduze, khona-ke ibanga elisuka esidlekeni liye esidlekeni liyancipha ngokubonakalayo.
Lezi zinhlobo azisusi inyamazane, kodwa zingaphikisana namanye amalungu omndeni wokhozi. Abaphenyi baye baqaphela ngaphezu kwesisodwa isithombe lapho ukhozi lwasolwandle lwaseSteller lunquma ukuthatha inyamazane, ngokwesibonelo, kuzinkozi ezinomsila omhlophe.
Ngezikhathi ezibandayo, izinyoni zizama ukuhlala ziseduze. Imvamisa bahlangana ezindaweni lapho izinhlanzi zigxilwe khona. Inqubo yesidlo uqobo inokuthula, ngoba imvamisa kuba nokudla okuningi futhi kwanele wonke umuntu.
Izinkozi zasolwandle zaseSteller ziqala impilo yazo "yomndeni" eneminyaka engama-3-4. Izithandani zivame ukwakha izidleke ezikhethekile, kepha hhayi kaningi zihlala kulezi zindawo. Inqubo yokwakha isidleke uqobo lwayo ivame ukwenzeka ngonyaka we-7 wokuphila kohlobo. Esikhathini esiningi, ngababili banezidleke ezi-2 ezithatha indawo yazo.
Ukufukamela kuqala ngeqanda lokuqala. Izinkozi zasolwandle zikaSteller zondla amaphuphu azo ngezinhlanzi ezincane. Ngaphandle kokuthi abazali banakekela izingane zabo ngokucophelela, bavame ukuba yizisulu zezilwane ezinjengama-ermines, ama-sables namagwababa amnyama.
Izitha zemvelo zezinkozi zasolwandle zaseSteller
Isithombe: Ukhozi lwasolwandle lukaSteller
Njengoba wazi, izinkozi yizinyoni ezinkulu ezidla inyama, ngakho-ke kungathiwa azinazo izitha zemvelo. Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izinto eziningi eziphazamisa impilo yabo ejwayelekile endaweni yemvelo.
Thatha, isibonelo, iqiniso lokuthi uhlobo olunikeziwe luphezulu kuketanga lokudla. Kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi inani elikhulu lobuthi liqoqeka emizimbeni yabo, elingadala imiphumela emibi ekusebenzeni kwezitho zabo zangaphakathi. Ngendlela, bona le ubuthi buqukethwe nje ezilwaneni abazidlayo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ukhozi lwasolwandle lukaSteller
Njengezinhlobo eziningi zomndeni woKlebe, ukhozi lwasolwandle lwaseSteller lusengozini. Njengoba sishilo ngenhla, lo mmeleli wezilwane cishe akanazo izitha zemvelo, ngakho-ke usongo olukhulu ngumuntu. Abantu bakha izimboni ezingcolisa imizimba yamanzi futhi ziphazamise ukondliwa okuvamile kwalezi zinyoni. Phambilini, abanye abantu babedubula nezinkozi zasolwandle zaseSteller, njengoba izimpaphe zabo zazisebenza njengomhlobiso omuhle kakhulu. Ngisho nanamuhla, eRussia, kunezimo zokuchithwa nokuwa kwezidleke ngenxa yezokuvakasha ezingahlelekile.
Ososayensi abaningi bagxile ekwandiseni inani lalezi zinhlobo. Kwakhiwa izinqolobane ukuze kunakekelwe izinyoni. Lezi zinyathelo zisetshenziswa ezifundeni eziningana ezaziwa ngokungcoliswa kwemvelo.
Unogada wokhozi lwasolwandle lukaSteller
Isithombe: Ukhozi lwasolwandle lukaSteller
Namuhla ukhozi lwasolwandle lwaseSteller lubhalwe ohlwini lwe-IUCN Red List, okuyizinhlobo zezinyoni ezisengozini e-Asia, kanye naseRed Book of the Russian Federation. Ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva eqoqwe, iplanethi yethu inezinyoni ezingama-5000 kuphela zalolu hlobo. Kungenzeka kakhulu, le nombolo ishintshe ngendlela enhle minyaka yonke.
Ukhozi lwasolwandle lwaseSteller luthole isimo sokonga i-VU, okusho ukuthi le nyoni isesimweni esibucayi, engcupheni yokuphela. Imvamisa, izilwane ezikulesi sigaba zinobunzima ngokuzala endle, kepha inani lazo ekuthunjweni liyaqhubeka nokukhula kancane.
Njenganoma yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo ezibalwe kwiRed Book, kukhona uhlu lwezinyathelo ezizosiza ukukhulisa inani labantu bezinhlobo:
- Ukwandisa inani labantu ekuthunjweni ngokuzala kwabo okulandelayo
- Imikhawulo yezokuvakasha engahlelekile ezindaweni zezinhlobo zezilwane
- Izinhlawulo ezandisiwe zokuzingela izinhlobo ezisengozini
- Ukudalwa kwezimo ezinhle zokhozi lwasolwandle lwaseSteller endle, njll.
Sengiphetha, ngithanda ukusho ukuthi ukhozi lwasolwandle lwaseSteller luyinyoni enhle kakhulu futhi engajwayelekile edinga ukunakekelwa kwethu. Kuyadingeka ukuvikela imvelo futhi unikeze zonke izidalwa ithuba lokuqhubeka nomjaho wazo. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinyoni zomndeni woKlebe, ukulawulwa okwandisiwe kuyadingeka, ngoba iningi lazo lingatholakala nasezinhlwini zezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothuka eRed Book laseRussia. Imvelo yinhle futhi inezici eziningi, ngakho-ke udinga ukuvikela indalo ngayinye.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 03/23/2020
Usuku lokubuyekeza: 03/23/2020 ngo-23: 33
