USargan uyinhlanzi enokubukeka okuyinqaba nokungajwayelekile. AmaSargans anesici esisodwa esisodwa esenza ahluke ngokweqiniso. Iqiniso ngukuthi amathambo ezinhlaka zawo awamhlophe, kodwa aluhlaza okotshani. Futhi ngenxa yemihlathi emide futhi emincane, emide kakhulu, i-garfish yathola igama layo lesibili - umcibisholo wezinhlanzi.
Incazelo yeSargan
Zonke izinhlobo ze-garfish zingezomndeni we-garfish, ongowokuhlelwa kwe-garfish, okubandakanya zombili izinhlanzi ezindizayo ezingaphandle ezihlala emanzini asezindaweni ezishisayo nakwezindawo ezishisayo, kanye ne-saury ejwayelekile, ukudla okusemathinini okungabonakala eshalofini lanoma yisiphi isitolo sokudla.
Ukubukeka
Kuleyo minyaka eyizigidi ezimbili noma ezingamakhulu amathathu, ziningi kangakanani izimila ezimfishane ezikhona emhlabeni, ziguquke kancane ngaphandle.
Umzimba wale nhlanzi mude futhi mncane, uthotshisiwe kusuka ezinhlangothini, okwenza ubukeke njenge-eel noma inyoka yasolwandle. Izikali zinobukhulu obuphakathi nendawo, ngokukhazimula okubonakalayo kwe-pearlescent.
Imihlathi yenhlanzi yomcibisholo inwetshiwe yema ngendlela eyingqayizivele, impumulo ibambelela kokungaphezulu ngaphambili, okufana "nomlomo" we-seilfish. Abanye abacwaningi bathola ukuthi i-garfish, ngenxa yalesi sici sangaphandle, iyafana nezilonda ezindizayo ezindala, ama-pterodactyls, lawo, empeleni, angeke abe yizihlobo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukufana kwangaphandle kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezingasekho kuthuthukiswa iqiniso lokuthi imihlathi ye-garfish evela ngaphakathi ichanyiswe ngokoqobo ngamazinyo amancane, abukhali, isici sezinsalela ezindizayo zama-dinosaurs.
Amaphiko we-pectoral, dorsal kanye ne-anal atholakala ngemuva komzimba, okunika inhlanzi ukuguquguquka okukhethekile. I-dorsal fin ingahle ibe nemisebe eyi-11-43; i-fin ye-caudal incane kakhulu futhi ihlukaniswe kabili. Umugqa ohlangothini wenhlanzi yomcibisholo uhlehliselwa phansi, eduze kwesisu, uqala esifundeni samaphiko we-pectoral bese welula uze ufike kuwo kanye umsila.
Kunemibala emithathu eyinhloko embala wesikali. Umhlane ongaphezulu we-garfish ubumnyama, luhlaza okotshani. Izinhlangothi zipendwe ngamathoni amhlophe mpunga. Futhi isisu sikhanya kakhulu, simhlophe mhlophe.
Inhloko ye-arrowfish ibanzi kakhulu esisekelweni, kepha inyathela ngokuphelele ngasekugcineni kwemihlathi. Ngenxa yalesi sici sangaphandle, i-garfish ekuqaleni yayibizwa eYurophu ngenhlanzi yenaliti. Kodwa-ke, kamuva, leli gama lanikezwa izinhlanzi ezivela emndenini wenaliti. Futhi i-garfish yathola elinye igama elingekho emthethweni: baqala ukuyibiza ngokuthi umcibisholo wezinhlanzi.
Ubukhulu bezinhlanzi
Ubude bomzimba bungaba kusuka kumamitha angu-0.6-1, kanti isisindo esikhulu sifinyelela kuma-1.3 kilograms. Ububanzi bomzimba we-garfish kuyaqabukela budlula u-10 cm.
Indlela yokuphila yeSargan
AmaSargans yizinhlanzi zasolwandle zasolwandle. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bakhetha ukuhlala kukholamu lamanzi nangaphezulu, ngenkathi begwema kokubili ukujula okukhulu kanye nezicathulo zasogwini.
Isimo esinqayizivele somzimba omude, esicwecwe ukusuka ezinhlangothini, kunomthelela eqinisweni lokuthi le nhlanzi ihamba ngendlela eyinqaba: yenza ukunyakaza okufana nokugagamela umzimba wonke, njengezinyoka zamanzi noma ama-eel. Ngale ndlela yokuhamba, i-garfish iyakwazi ukuthuthukisa isivinini esifinyelela kumakhilomitha angama-60 ngehora emanzini.
AmaSargans awodwa, akhetha ukuhlala olwandle ngemihlambi emikhulu, inani labantu elingafinyelela izinkulungwane ezimbalwa. Ngenxa yendlela yokuphila yesikole, izinhlanzi zizingela ngendlela ekhiqizayo, futhi lokhu futhi kwandisa ukuphepha kwayo uma kwenzeka kuhlaselwa izilwane ezizingelayo.
Okubalulekile! AmaSargans abonakala ngokufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile: entwasahlobo, ngenkathi yokuzalanisa, basondela ogwini, futhi ebusika babuyela olwandle oluvulekile.
Ngokwazo, lezi zinhlanzi azihlukile ngesimo sazo esinolaka, kepha kunezimo lapho i-garfish ilimaza abantu. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka lapho umcibisholo inhlanzi, esatshiswa noma ephuphuthekiswe ukukhanya okukhanyayo, igxuma iphume emanzini futhi, ngokubona isithiyo esisesimweni somuntu, ngawo wonke amandla aso angena kuwo ngomphetho obukhali emihlathini yawo.
Uma i-garfish ibanjwa ngokuzungeza, khona-ke le nhlanzi izonqaba ngamandla: ukuzishikashika njengenyoka, izama ukuphuma kwi-hook, futhi ingahle ilume. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abadobi abanolwazi batusa ukuthatha izinhlanzi zomcibisholo ngomzimba ngemuva kwekhanda, ngoba ukubamba okunjalo kunciphisa ubungozi bokulimala ngamazinyo abukhali.
Ihlala isikhathi eside kangakanani i-garfish
Isikhathi sokuphila cishe iminyaka eyi-13 endle. Kepha ekubanjweni kwabadobi, imvamisa, kunezinhlanzi ezineminyaka engama-5-9 ubudala.
Izinhlobo ze-garfish
Umndeni we-garfish uhlanganisa izizukulwane eziyi-10 nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili, kepha i-garfish, hhayi nje izinhlanzi zalo mndeni, zithathwa njengezinhlobo ezimbili ngokusemthethweni: i-European noma i-garfish ejwayelekile (lat. Belone belone) noSargan Svetovidov (lat. Belone svetovidovi).
- I-garfish yaseYurophu. Isakhamuzi esivamile samanzi ase-Atlantic. Kutholakala ngasogwini lwe-Afrika, futhi naseMedithera naseziLwandle eziMnyama. I-Black Sea garfish ihlukaniswa njengama-subspecies ahlukile; zihlukile ezinhlanzini zase-Europe zezinhlobo eziyinhloko ngosayizi omncane futhi ovezwe ngokugqamile, omnyama kunowabo, umugqa ngemuva.
- USargan Svetovidova. Uhlala engxenyeni esempumalanga ye-Atlantic Ocean. Itholakala ngasogwini lolwandle lwase-Atlantic iGreat Britain, i-Ireland, iSpain nePortugal, okungenzeka ibhukude ingene oLwandle iMedithera. Isici salolu hlobo, olwehlukanisa ne-garfish yaseYurophu, usayizi waso omncane (i-garfish kaSvetovidov ikhula, okungenani, ifike kuma-65 cm, kanti i-garfish yaseYurophu - ifike kuma-95 cm). Ngaphezu kwalokho, umhlathi ongezansi mude kunaleyo engenhla. Umbala wesikali usiliva, kepha umugqa omnyama ugijima kulayini ohlangothini. Amaphiko omgogodla nawempundu ahanjiswe ngamandla aya ngasekupheleni kwe-caudal. Kuncane okwaziwayo ngokuphila nokudla kwalolu hlobo. Kucatshangwa ukuthi indlela yokuphila ye-garfish kaSvetovidov iyefana naleyo ye-garfish yaseYurophu, futhi udla izinhlanzi zasolwandle ezinesilinganiso esiphakathi.
I-Pacific garfish, ebhukuda ehlobo iye ogwini lwaseNingizimu Primorye futhi ivele ePeter the Great Bay, akuyona i-garfish yangempela, ngoba ingeyomndeni ohluke ngokuphelele, noma ofanayo.
Indawo yokuhlala
I-arrowfish ihlala ezindaweni ezifudumele nezipholile ze-Atlantic, futhi itholakala ngasogwini lwaseNyakatho Afrika naseYurophu. Oseyili baya olwandle iMedithera, iBlack, iBaltic, iNyakatho neBarents. Ama-subspecies oLwandle Olumnyama nawo atholakala olwandle i-Azov naseMarmara.
Indawo yokuhlala ye-garfish yangempela isuka eCape Verde eningizimu iye eNorway enyakatho. OLwandle iBaltic, i-arrowfish itholakala yonke indawo, ngaphandle kwamanzi anosawoti amancane enyakatho yeGulf of Bothnia. EFinland, le nhlanzi ivela ngenkathi efudumele, futhi ubukhulu besibalo sabantu buncike kwizizathu ezinjengokuthi, ngokwesibonelo, ushintsho kusawoti wamanzi eBaltic.
Lezi zinhlanzi ezifundayo azivamile ukukhuphukela phezulu futhi cishe azikaze ziye ekujuleni okukhulu. Indawo yabo eyinhloko izingqimba eziphakathi kwamanzi olwandle nolwandle.
Ukudla kweSargan
Idla kakhulu izinhlanzi ezincane, kanye nezinambuzane ezingenamgogodla, kufaka phakathi izibungu ze-mollusk.
Izikole ze-garfish zijahwa izikole zezinye izinhlanzi ezinjenge-sprat noma i-anchovy yaseYurophu. Bangakwazi ukuzingela ama-sardine amancane noma ama-mackerels, kanye nama-crustaceans afana nama-amphipods. Phezulu kolwandle, izinhlanzi zemicibisholo zicosha izinambuzane ezinkulu ezindizayo eziwele emanzini, yize zingezona izisekelo zokudla kwe-garfish.
Izinhlanzi ze-Arrow azikhethi kakhulu ekudleni, okuyisizathu esiyinhloko senhlalakahle yalolu hlobo iminyaka eyizigidi eziyikhulu.
Ngokufuna ukudla, i-garfish, elandela izikole ezifudukayo zezinhlanzi ezincane, yenza ukufuduka kwansuku zonke kusuka ezingxenyeni ezijulile zamanzi kuya olwandle kanye nokufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile kusuka ogwini kuya olwandle oluvulekile nasemuva.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Isikhathi sokuzalisa siqala entwasahlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusuka endaweni yokuhlala, lokhu kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezahlukahlukene: eMedithera, ukuzala ku-garfish kuqala ngoMashi, naseNyakatho Sea - hhayi ngaphambi kukaMeyi. Izikhathi zokuzala zingadlula amasonto ambalwa, kepha imvamisa ziphakama ngoJulayi.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, abesifazane bafika ogwini eduze kancane kunokujwayelekile, futhi lapho bejula ngamamitha ayi-1 kuye ku-15, bazalela amaqanda angaba ngu-30-50 ayizinkulungwane, ubukhulu bawo obufinyelela ku-3.5 mm ububanzi. Ukuzalela kwenzeka ezingxenyeni ezithile, kungafinyelela kwabayisishiyagalolunye kubo sekukonke, futhi isikhathi sesikhathi phakathi kwabo sifinyelela emasontweni amabili.
Kuyathakazelisa! Iqanda ngalinye lifakwe imicu emincane enamathelayo, ngosizo lwawo amaqanda agxila ohlakeni noma endaweni enamadwala.
Izibungu, ezingeqi ku-15mm ubude, zivela emaqandeni cishe emasontweni amabili ngemuva kokuzala. Lezi sezivele sezakhiwe ngokuphelele, yize kuyizinhlanzi ezincane kakhulu.
Ifry inesikhwama se-yolk, kepha incane ngosayizi futhi izibungu zondla okuqukethwe kukho izinsuku ezintathu kuphela. Umhlathi ongaphezulu, ngokungafani nomhlathi ongezansi ohlangene, mfushane ngokuthosa futhi uyanda ubude njengoba i-garfish ikhula. Amaphiko ezibungu ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvela emaqandeni athuthukile, kepha lokhu akukuthinti ukuhamba kwawo nokuvika kwawo.
Ngokungafani nabantu abadala besiliva, gazinga lezinhlanzi zomcibisholo zinombala onsundu onamabala amnyama, okubasiza ukuba bafihle ngempumelelo ngaphansi komhlaba oyisihlabathi noma onamadwala, lapho i-garfish encane ichitha khona izinsuku zokuqala zokuphila kwayo. Zondla ngezibungu ze-gastropods, kanye nama-bivalve molluscs.
Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwabesifazane kwenzeka eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kweyisithupha, kanti abesilisa bayakwazi ukuzala esikhathini esingangonyaka ngaphambili.
Izitha zemvelo
Izitha ezinkulu zalezi zinhlanzi ngamahlengethwa, izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezidlayo ezifana ne-tuna noma i-bluefish, nezinyoni zasolwandle.
Inani lokuhweba
ISargan ithathwa njengenye yezinhlanzi ezimnandi kakhulu ezihlala oLwandle Olumnyama. Wake waba ngomunye wezinhlobo ezinhlanu ezibanjwe kakhulu zezinhlanzi ezithengiswayo eCrimea. Ngasikhathi sinye, abantu abakhulu kakhulu babevame ukuwela kumanetha okudoba, ubukhulu bawo obufinyelela cishe imitha, futhi isisindo singafinyelela ikhilogremu elilodwa.
Njengamanje, ukukhiqizwa kwezentengiselwano kwe-garfish kwenziwa olwandle olumnyama nolwe-Azov. Ngokuyinhloko, le nhlanzi ithengiswa iqandisiwe noma ifriziwe, futhi iyabhenywa futhi yomiswe. Intengo yayo ayibizi kakhulu, kepha ngasikhathi sinye inyama inambitheka omuhle, inempilo futhi inomsoco.
Kuyathakazelisa! Umbala oluhlaza wamathambo ezinhlanzi zomcibisholo uhlotshaniswa nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-pigment eluhlaza - i-biliverdin, hhayi i-phosphorus noma enye into enobuthi yomthunzi ofanayo.
Ngakho-ke, kukhona i-garfish ephekwe nganoma yiluphi uhlobo, ngaphandle kokwesaba: ayinabungozi ngokuphelele, futhi, ayihlukile ekuboneni.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
I-garfish yaseYurophu isakazeke kakhulu e-Atlantic, kanye naseMnyama, eMedithera nakwezinye izilwandle, kepha kunzima ukubala ubukhulu besibalo sabantu, njengalezo zezinye izinhlanzi ezifundayo. Kodwa-ke, ukuba khona kwezinkulungwane zezimbadada zalezi zinhlanzi kukhombisa ukuthi abasongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Njengamanje, i-garfish ejwayelekile inikezwe isikhundla: "Izinhlobo Zokukhathazeka Okungencane." USargan Svetovidova, ngokusobala, naye uchuma impela, yize ububanzi bayo bungabanzi kangako.
I-Sargan iyinhlanzi emangalisayo, ehlukaniswa kokubili ngokubukeka kwayo, okwenza ibukeke njengesibankwa esingasasebenzi, nangezici zomzimba wayo, ikakhulukazi, umbala ohlaza ongavamile wamathambo. Umthunzi wamathambo alezi zinhlanzi ungabonakala ungajwayelekile futhi wesabise. Kepha i-garfish iyinambitha futhi inempilo, ngakho-ke, ngenxa yobandlululo, akufanele ulahle ithuba lokuzama isibiliboco esenziwe ngenyama ye-arrowfish.
