Isilwane esinegama elihlekisayo elithi "garden dormouse" besingomakhelwane nathi iminyaka, kepha ngenxa yendlela yaso yokuphila kwantambama, akuvamile ukuthi ihlangane nayo. Futhi lokhu kungcono kakhulu - akunakwenzeka ukuthi okungenani oyedwa ohlala ehlobo angabonga igundane ngokubhubhisa isivuno sakhe. Lesi sinambuzane esibukeka kahle sibonakala futhi siphethe i-encephalitis ethwalwa imikhaza.
Incazelo yegumbi lokulala
Ubukeka njengegundane elihle, eliguqule ingubo yalo eyimpunga yaba ithoni eyodwa (ngezansi - emhlophe, ngenhla - mpunga ngokunsundu) futhi iqhakambisa amehlo ayo ngemfashini ye-smokey yeqhwa. Enye imininingwane ehlukanisa i-dormouse kusuka e-vole ngumsila we-tricolor ophuzi.
Ukubukeka
Emndenini wendabuko we-dormice, oqukethe izinhlobo ezingama-28, i-dormouse yensimu ibhekwa njengenye yezinhle kakhulu... Kunzima ukumelana nentelezi yalobu buso obucijile obukhanyayo ngamehlo acwebezelayo, izindlebe eziyindilinga ne-vibrissae ezwelayo ezinde.
I-Garden dormouse ikhula ize ifike ku-11-16 cm ngobukhulu obungu-60-140 g nobukhulu bomsila obungu-9 kuye ku-14 cm.Izingalo zayo zeminwe emine zimfushane ngokuphawulekayo kunalezo zangemuva, kanti izinyawo zangemuva zincane futhi zinde. Imilenze yangaphambili iphela ngezinzwane ezine ezithuthukile, lapho owesithathu nowesine zinde kunezokuqala nezesibili. Emilenzeni yangemuva, uzwane lwesine kuphela olugqamile ngosayizi.
Igundane linamabhangqa amane ama-mammary nezinwele ezimfushane ezinombala oguquguqukayo: ngemuva, isuka kokumpunga ngoku nsundu iye kokunsundu okucebile, esiswini kungaba mhlophe noma ukhilimu. Izinwele zimboza umsila ngokuphelele, zinde njengoba zisondela ethiphu, lapho ziphenduka zibe ibhulashi elibanzi elicabalele.
I-Garden dormouse, ehlala ezifundeni eziseningizimu zalolu hlu, zikhanya ngokukhanyayo kunezihlobo zazo ezisenyakatho, futhi ziphansi kunalezi zakamuva ngosayizi.
Indlela Yokuphila
Umsebenzi weRodent ukhawulelwe ezinyangeni ze-4.5 ngonyaka futhi uwela ngenkathi efudumele. Imodi yokuvuka evulekile ivulwa kusihlwa nasebusuku, lapho i-dormouse ihlola indawo ifuna ukudla okufanele. Isilwane esinobuhlakani sikhuphuka ezihlahleni futhi sigijime emhlabathini ngokulinganayo, noma kunjalo, imikhondo yaso ayitholakali.
Kuyathakazelisa! Njengawo wonke ama-sleepyheads, igundane esivandeni livame ukuhamba ngokugxuma (gallop), kwesinye isikhathi lithathe isinyathelo. Ngendlela yesibili yokunyakaza, imilenze yangemuva iphakanyiswe kancane kuthrekhi kusuka ngaphambili.
IGarden dormouse ithanda isizungu, kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile inamathela ohlotsheni lwayo ebusika obude. Izidleke zakhiwa kuzo zonke izindlu zokukhosela ezifanelekile, isibonelo:
- emigodini yezihlahla, imvamisa i-deciduous (oki, linden ne-aspen);
- ngaphakathi kweziphunzi ezindala;
- ngaphansi kweziqu ezilahliwe;
- emigodini engaphansi komhlaba;
- ezindlini zezinyoni;
- ezidlekeni zokufakelwa.
Imvamisa izidleke ezindala zejay, magpie noma i-thrush ziba luhlaka lwendawo yokukhosela elele.... Igundane liyazenezela ngamahlumela amasha, lizungeza ukwakheka kwesidleke futhi lihlomise ukuphuma engxenyeni yalo engezansi.
Ungakuqonda ukuthi indlu yokulala engadini izinze esidlekeni / endlini yezinyoni ngephunga elithile, ubukhona bomswani ezansi / ophahleni nezinsalela zesidlo esivelayo (izigaxa zesikhumba, uboya, izimpaphe zezinyoni kanye ne-chitin yezinambuzane).
Ukulala ubusika bonke
Yizihloko zokulala "ezisenyakatho" kuphela eziwela kuwo: eningizimu yebanga, ubusika basebusika buba phakathi futhi bufushane. Amagundane okugcina avukile abonwa ekupheleni kukaSepthemba: ngalesi sikhathi athola amafutha amahle, aphindwe ama-2-3 asinda. Izinhloko zokulala azinazo izimpahla zasebusika, kepha kwesinye isikhathi zihudula izingcezu ezihlukene emigodini yazo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ubusika beqembu bujwayelekile kubantu abasebasha, imvamisa bangena ezindlini ezingavikelekile, lapho i-dormouse iqandeka ifa khona noma iba yisisulu sezinja nezimpungushe.
Indima yezindlu zasebusika imvamisa:
- imigodi yamanye amagundane;
- izimbotshana ngaphansi kwamatshe / izimpande;
- izinyosi zezinyosi;
- iziphunzi ezibolile;
- amashedi nezindawo zokulala;
- izinqolobane kanye nezitoko.
Ngemuva kokunquma kula mafulethi, i-dormouse yakha ibhola (cishe u-20 cm ububanzi), liyimboza ngamaqabunga / uboya obuvela ngaphandle, bese liyifaka ngosisi, utshani, izimpaphe namahlumela amancane avela ngaphakathi.
Indawo yokuhlala, izindawo zokuhlala
I-dormouse yensimu ikhethe amahlathi asezintabeni eziphakathi nasemathafeni aseNyakatho Afrika, eYurophu naseMedithera engapheli.
Ezweni lethu, itholakala ezifundeni zayo ezisentshonalanga, ibheke empumalanga nasenyakatho. USonya ubonwe ezifundeni zaseLeningrad, eNovgorod, ePskov, eSouth Urals nasendaweni eseLower Kama.
Ikhetha amahlathi abanzi namahlathi ahlanganisiwe, lapho i-oki, i-hazel, i-bird cherry, i-maple, i-linden, i-mountain ash kanye ne-dog rose ikhula khona... Imvamisa ukhetha izindawo eziseduze komuntu - ukususwa, izingadi, imiphetho yehlathi kanye nezakhiwo ezindala eziseduze nehlathi.
Izitha zemvelo
Ingadi dormouse izingelwa ngu:
- izikhova (izindlebe ezinde, isikhova nemashi);
- izinja namakati;
- oklebe nezikhova zokhozi;
- i-marten (i-marten, i-polecat ne-ermine);
- izimpungushe.
Emzabalazweni wesisekelo sokudla, i-dormouse ilahlekelwa ngokungenathemba kulabo abaqhudelana nabo njalo - amagundane ampunga.
Ukudla, indawo yokulala engadini yokudla
Le gundane, ngenxa yokudla kwayo omnivorous, alisoze labulawa yindlala, ngoba lishintsha kalula kusuka ezimileni liye ekudleni kwezilwane, lincamela okwakamuva.
Igumbi lokulala elingadini ngokungakhathali lizulazula phansi lifuna ukudla, licosha amantongomane e-hazel ne-beech, ama-acorn, i-elm, i-linden ne-coniferous seed. Emakotishi asehlobo, kudla amapheya, ama-cherry, ama-apula, amagilebhisi, amapentshisi futhi akudli neze (ngokungafani namanye ama-dormouse).
Kukhethwa ezingenamgogodla, kufaka phakathi izinambuzane, kusuka ehlathini phansi... I-Orthoptera iyanambitha kusuka ekhanda, kepha ayidli amaphiko nemilenze. Limunca izimvukuzane ngokwenza imbobo egobolondweni. Uphuza okuqukethwe amaqanda ezinyoni ngendlela efanayo. Ungesabi ukuhlasela izilwane ezincane nezinyoni.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ingadi dormouse inciphisa kakhulu inani lezinyoni ezincane. Umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu wenziwa kulabo babo abakha izidleke emigodini. Kuyaziwa ukuthi emgodini, angabhekana kalula nenkanyezi enesisindo esilinganayo.
Ingena lapho kuhlala khona abantu, igundane lonakalisa ukudla - izithelo ezomisiwe, izithelo, okusanhlamvu nezinhlanzi ezomisiwe.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ngemuva kokuvuka ebusika, izinhloko zokulala ziqala ukuzala, zikhohlwe ukuphumula kwasemini. Izilwane zigijima kakhulu, zishiya amamaki kwiziphunzi, izimpande namatshe. Ukuzala kusuka kuMeyi kuya ku-Okthoba: ngalesi sikhathi, owesifazane uletha udoti owodwa, hhayi kabili.
Owesifazane ovuthiwe ubiza owesilisa ngekhwela... Iziphikisi ziphendula ngomsindo ofana namanzi abilayo ngeketela, zingakhohlwa ukushayela zilume izimbangi. Amabili akhiwa izinsuku ezimbalwa, ngemuva kwalokho umlingani udalula noma ashiye owesilisa, ashiye ikhaya yena.
Ukuzala kuhlala isikhathi esingaphansi kwenyanga (izinsuku ezingama-22-28) futhi kugcina ngokubonakala kwezinsana eziyimpumputhe, ezinqunu nezizithulu, ezithola ukubona ngasekupheleni kwesonto lesithathu. Ngenyanga sezivele zizondla zodwa futhi zizulazula ngefayela elilodwa zilandela umama wazo, zibambelele eboyeni bakhe kanye nakomunye nomunye.
Ezinyangeni ezimbili ngemuva kokubeletha, umama ushiya amawundlu, ahlala ndawonye isikhathi esithile. Ngemuva kobusika bokuqala, i-dormouse encane isivele isilungele ukuba ngabazali ngokwabo. Impilo yegundane ilinganiselwa eminyakeni engaba mihlanu.
Ukugcina indawo yokulala engadini ekhaya
Le rodent idinga indawo ebanzi (hhayi ephakeme kakhulu, kepha ebanzi) ene-snag, ucezu lwesigubhu esingenalutho, amagatsha amakhulu nesondo eligijimayo. I-Moss ne-turf zibekwa ezansi, indlu yezinyoni (mhlawumbe ezimbili) enesembozo esikhiphekayo ilenga odongeni.
Okubalulekile! Indlu yesibili yezinyoni isebenza njengendawo yokudlulisa, kuyilapho eyokuqala ihlanzwa ngokuyihlanza kusuka kubobule, izinsalela zokudla kanye nenye imfucumfucu. Futhi izindlu zezinyoni kuzodingeka zihlanzwe ngenxa yokulutha kwendlu yokulala ekudleni kwezilwane, okuvame ukubola ngokushesha.
I-Dormouse ekuthunjweni iqukethe:
- izithelo namajikijolo (kufaka phakathi omisiwe);
- amantongomane nembewu ye-sunflower;
- amakhabe (ibhece, ibhece nethanga);
- izitshalo zasendle, amagxolo namafiqubu;
- okhalweni lwama rose, i-rowan ne-viburnum;
- amaphela nezinyendle;
- izibungu zokudla neziphungumvane zovemvane;
- amaqanda, ubisi nenyama eluhlaza.
Emazingeni okushisa kusuka ku-0 kuye ku- +5 degrees, izilwane ezifuywayo ziyalala... Ukuze benze lokhu, bazodinga ibhokisi elihlukile, ngaphansi kwalo okuyizimbadada, utshani namaqabunga omisiwe. Ungabeka imbewu namantongomane eduze.
Isimo sabantu bezinhlobo
Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili kuya kwamathathu edlule, inani lala magundane (ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni ezisentshonalanga zebanga) lehle kakhulu, futhi kwezinye izindawo indawo yokulala engadini inyamalale ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuchaza ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo zezilwane njengezisengozini kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lezi zilwane zafakwa esigabeni esingenabungozi kangako, sabizwa ngokuthi "siseduze nababuthakathaka", kucatshangelwa ukungabi bikho kwezibalo eziqondile zokwehla kwabantu.
