Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Ibhungane laseColorado (Igama lesiLatini elithi Leptinotarsa ​​decemlineata) yisinambuzane esivela emndenini wamaqabunga webhungane lohlelo lweColeoptera, oluluhlobo lwe-arthropods. Ngenye indlela, ibizwa ngamazambane ibhungane lamazambane iColorado, ngoba ukudla kwalo ngokuyinhloko kuqukethe iziqongo zamazambane namahlamvu ezinye izitshalo ze-nightshade.
Leli bhungane leqabunga linomzimba oxegayo, kunalokho likhulu ngebhungane, elinesimo esiyindilinga (oval), elingu-10-12 mm ubude futhi lingaba ngu-5-7 mm ububanzi. Uhlelo lombala ebusweni bephiko lwalesi silwane esiyizinambuzane lwakhiwe ngemvelo ngamathoni aphuzi na-orenji (isanqante).
Vuliwe Isithombe se-Colorado potato beetle ungabona imivimbo emnyama ehambisanayo emaphikweni, kukhona eyishumi kuphela, etholakala emihlanu kolunye lwezimpiko. Kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi igama elithi "decemlineata" livela ekuhlukanisweni kwesiLatini kwaleli bhungane, elihunyushwa ngqo liqondwa ngokuthi "imigqa eyishumi".
Izimpiko zaleli bhungane ziqinile kakhulu futhi zinokumila kwesigaxa sasolwandle phezulu. Ibhungane lamazambane lindiza kahle futhi ezindizeni ezinde ngobuchule lisebenzisa izivunguvungu zomoya, ezingalithwala amakhilomitha amaningana ngesizini.
I-Colorado amazambane amabhungane izibungu Imibala ekhanyayo ephuzi yesimo se-oblong ngokwesilinganiso ubude obungu-14-15 mm. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isikali sombala siphenduka sibe phuzi ngokugqamile, bese kuba umbala osawolintshi (isanqante) ngenxa yokuqongelelwa kwe-carotene ebusweni bomzimba, oqukethwe emaqabungeni amazambane futhi awugayeki ngokuphelele ngumzimba.
Ikhanda lesibungu limnyama, limnyama ngokwengeziwe, linemigqa emibili yamachashazi amnyama ezinhlangothini zomzimba. Okuthakazelisa ekwakhekeni komzimba wesibungu ukuba khona kwamabili ngamehlo ayisithupha ezinhlangothini ezahlukahlukene zekhanda, okukuvumela ukuthi kuhambe ngokungangabazeki ohlangothini olufunayo.
Lesi sinambuzane satholwa, noma kunalokho sahlukaniswa yisazi sesayensi yemvelo yaseMelika uThomas Sayy ngo-1824. Ukusabalala kwayo emhlabeni wethu Isinambuzane sebhungane lamazambane e-Colorado ukuqala eNyakatho Melika, noma ngokunembile, lapho kuzalwa khona leli bhungane kungabhekwa njengenyakatho-mpumalanga yeMexico.
Esithombeni, isibungu se-Colorado amazambane beetle
Yathola igama layo ngemuva kokudla amasimu amaningi amazambane esifundazweni saseMelika iColorado. Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, amabhungane amazambane aseColorado awela ulwandle ngemikhumbi ethwala imithwalo eyayithutha imifino iye eYurophu futhi kusukela lapho yaqala ukusabalala ezwenikazi lase-Eurasia.
Ngemuva kokuphela kweMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-40s, kwavela futhi kubukhulu beRiphabhuliki yase-Ukraine yaseSoviet Union, lapho yasakazeka khona yaya kuyo yonke insimu yeCIS yanamuhla. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XXI, abantu bayo batholakala emikhakheni emikhulu yaseMpumalanga Ekude ePrimorsky Territory, lapho manje kwenzeka khona ukulwa ne-Colorado amazambane beetle.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Izinambuzane ezakhiwe ngokuphelele nezibungu zazo zihlala njalo nobusika eduze nezindawo zokuhluma kwezitshalo ze-nightshade. Ngaphandle kwezindiza zamabhungane amadala, izinambuzane ezihambisana nokuntuleka kokudla okwanele endaweni yakudala.
Izibungu zinamaqembu eminyaka yobudala amane (izigaba zokukhula): phakathi kweziqu ezimbili zokuqala, izibungu zidla kuphela amaqabunga amancane athambile ezitshalo ze-solanaceous, ngakho-ke zihlala phezulu esihlahleni, esigabeni sesithathu nesesine ziyahlakazeka kuso sonke isitshalo bese ziqala ukudla amaqabunga azo zonke izinhlobo (abancane nabadala), kusale kuphela imithambo eminyene yeqabunga.
Ngemuva kokudla isitshalo esisodwa, bakhasa kancane ngeziqu ezingomakhelwane bese beziqeda ngokuhlelekile, okubangela Colorado amazambane beetle ingozi Amasimu amazambane nezinye izitshalo ze-nightshade ezitshalwe ngumuntu.
Izinga lokukhula kwesibungu kusuka embungwini kuye kumuntu omdala kuncike kakhulu emvelweni ongaphandle (ekushiseni komhlaba nasemoyeni ozungezile, enanini nasemvuthweni wezulu, ngejubane lomoya ovunguzayo, njalonjalo).
Ngemuva kokufinyelela ku-instar yesine, lesi sibungu sehlela phansi ngejubane bese sizimbela phansi enhlabathini ngamasentimitha ayishumi ukufundela, imvamisa esontweni lesibili noma lesithathu lokukhula.
Isiphungumangathi sakhiwa kungakapheli izinsuku eziyi-10-15, kuya ngezimo zemvelo, ngemuva kwalokho kukhethwe ibhungane elidala ebusweni ukuze liqhubeke nokuba khona kwalo.
Uma ngabe ibhungane lakheke ekwindla epholile, lapho-ke lingakwazi, ngaphandle kokuphuma emhlabathini, ngokushesha lilale ngaphambi kokuqala kwamazinga okushisa afudumele entwasahlobo.
Okuqaphelayo okuthakazelisayo ukuthi amabhungane aseColorado angangena ekushoneni ngisho neminyaka eminingana, imvamisa ngenxa yamazinga okushisa abandayo ehlobo noma inani elikhulu lalezi zinambuzane endaweni encane, okubandakanya ukudla okunganele kubo bonke abantu.
Umsoco webhungane amazambane waseColorado
Njengoba kwacaca kuyo yonke into echazwe ngenhla I-Colorado amazambane beetle lokhu kuyinhlekelele ephelele yawo wonke amapulazi nabalimi be-amateur. Ukudla amaqabunga esitshalo ngasinye emva kwesinye, lezi zinambuzane eziyizinambuzane, eziphindaphindeka ngokushesha okukhulu, zingabhubhisa amahektha amasimu atshaliwe.
Ngaphezu kweziqongo zamazambane, ibhungane lamazambane laseColorado lidla amaqabunga esitshalo seqanda, utamatisi, upelepele omnandi, i-physalis, i-nightshade, i-wolfberry, i-mandrake ngisho nogwayi.
Ukuze izinambuzane ezivela ekuhlakazeni komhlaba zingabhubhisi sonke isivuno esizayo, umuntu wasungula eziningana amakhambi e-Colorado amazambane beetle... Emapulazini amakhulu, ama-pesticides ahlukahlukene asetshenziswa kakhulu ngokumelene ne-Colorado amazambane beetle.
Okubi kakhulu ngalezo zenzo ukuthi izinambuzane zijwayela kancane kancane izibulala-zinambuzane futhi, lapho sezilungisiwe, ziyaqhubeka nokudla amaqabunga ezitshalo ezitshaliwe, futhi abantu banesimo sengqondo esingesihle ngokudla izikhalazo zamazambane.
Ezingadini ezincane zasekhaya, abalimi baphatha izitshalo ezivela e-Colorado amazambane beetle ngokhuni lomlotha. Futhi, ubuthi be-Colorado amazambane beetle futhi izibungu zayo ziyisixazululo se-urea, futhi uma usebenzisa isixazululo esinjalo, inhlabathi uqobo lwayo ifakwa ne-nitrogen.
Ngenxa yokuthi lesi silokazane sinesimo esithuthukile sokunuka, asithandi iphunga elinamandla, ngakho-ke kungenzeka lahla ibhungane lamazambane i-colorado ungafafaza ukumnika okuhlukahlukene, ngokwesibonelo, ukumnika i-dandelion, umhlonyane, i-horsetail noma i-decoction yesikali sika-anyanisi.
Ezizeni zasendlini, ibhungane lamazambane laseColorado livame ukuvunwa ngesandla, bese lishiswa noma lichotshozwe, okuyenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokulwa nalesi sinambuzane.
Thanda indlela yokufaka ushevu e-Colorado amazambane beetle uhlala engumnikazi wamasimu ahlwanyelwe kanye nezingadi zemifino enquma, kepha muva nje abantu bebelokhu bezama ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezingefani zobuthi bamakhemikhali, futhi bachitha isikhathi esithe xaxa benza izinhlobo ezintsha zezitshalo ezi-solanaceous ezingadliwa yi-Colorado amazambane beetle.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ngemuva kokubanda entwasahlobo yokuqala, ngokuqala kwezinsuku zokuqala ezinelanga, amabhungane amadala eColorado ayaphuma emhlabathini futhi angahlangana ngokushesha.
Izinsikazi zizalela amaqanda ngemuva nje kokukhulelwa, imvamisa ziyawafihla ngaphakathi kwamaqabunga noma ekwehlukaneni kweziqu. Ngosuku olulodwa, insikazi iyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda angama-70, futhi phakathi nenkathi yokukhulelwa okungenzeka kusuka entwasahlobo kuye ekwindla, inani lamaqanda lingafinyelela ezinkulungwaneni.
Ngemuva kwesonto elilodwa noma amabili, kusuka emaqandeni abekiwe, cishe ngasikhathi sinye, amancane, ngosayizi we-2-3 mm, ukuqanduselwa kwezibungu, okuqala ukusuka kwimizuzu yokuqala yokuphila sekuqala ukondla, kuqala ukudla igobolondo leqanda futhi kancane kancane kuthuthele emaqabungeni amancane.
Ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, isibungu singena esigabeni sokufundela, kuthi emasontweni amabili kamuva, kukhethwe umuntu omdala ozimele ngokuphelele emhlabathini, naye osekulungele ukuzala inzalo.
Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, phakathi nenkathi kusuka entwasahlobo kuye ekwindla, kungakhula izizukulwane ezimbili noma ezintathu zabantu abadala bezinambuzane, lapho izinga lokushisa elibi libanda kakhulu, imvamisa kuvela isizukulwane esisodwa. Ngokwesilinganiso, ibhungane lamazambane laseColorado liphila unyaka owodwa kuya kwemibili, kepha uma lingena ekushoneni isikhathi eside, lesi sinambuzane singaphila kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu.
