Ikhadinali elibomvu Yinyoni yengoma enkulu, enomsila omude enomlomo omfushane, ojiyile kakhulu kanye ne-convex crest. Okhadinali abomvu bavame ukuhlala ngendlela ecashile umsila wabo ukhombe ngqo phansi. Le nyoni ihlala ezingadini, emagcekeni nangezindawo ezinezihlahla zomsele wamanzi waseChesapeake Bay.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: UKhadinali Obomvu
Ukhadinali obomvu (uCardinalis cardinalis) uyinyoni yaseNyakatho Melika yamakhadinali ohlobo. Uyaziwa nangokuthi ukhadinali wasenyakatho. Igama elijwayelekile kanye negama lesayense likakhadinali obomvu kubhekiswa okhadinali beSonto LamaRoma Katolika, abagqoka izembatho zabo ezibomvu nezigqoko. Igama elithi "enyakatho" egameni lalo jikelele libhekisela ebangeni lalo, njengoba liyizinhlobo ezisenyakatho kakhulu zokhadinali. Sekukonke, kukhona ama-subspecies ayi-19 amakhadinali abomvu, ahluke kakhulu ngombala. Isikhathi sabo sokuphila cishe iminyaka emithathu, yize abanye benempilo yeminyaka eyi-13 kuye kwengu-15.
Ividiyo: UKhadinali Obomvu
Ukhadinali obomvu yinyoni yombuso esemthethweni engekho ngaphansi kwezifunda eziyisikhombisa zasempumalanga. Inwetshiwe eningizimu-mpumalanga, inwebise uhla lwayo enyakatho amashumi eminyaka futhi manje ikhanyisa izinsuku zasebusika ngombala wayo kanye nengoma yesibongo kude kakhulu enyakatho, njengaseningizimu-mpumalanga yeCanada. Iziphakeli ezinikezwa imbewu ye-sunflower zingasiza ekusakazeni kwayo ngasenyakatho. ENtshonalanga Yezintaba Ezinkulu, ukhadinali obomvu ikakhulukazi akekho, kepha ehlane eliseningizimu-ntshonalanga lisatshalaliswa endaweni.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Abantu abaningi bayadideka njalo entwasahlobo lapho ukhadinali obomvu ehlasela isithombe sakhe ewindini, esibukweni semoto noma kubhampa ocwebezelayo. Kokubili abesilisa nabesifazane bayakwenza lokhu, futhi kaningi entwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo, lapho bezimisele ngokuvikela indawo yabo kunoma yikuphi ukuhlaselwa. Izinyoni zingalwa nalezi zihlaseli amahora amaningi zingadikibali. Emasontweni ambalwa kamuva, lapho amazinga ama-hormone anolaka ehla, lokhu kuhlaselwa kufanele kuyeke (yize owesifazane oyedwa egcina lokhu kuziphatha nsuku zonke izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphandle kokuma).
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani ukhadinali obomvu
Amakhadinali abomvu yizinyoni zezingoma eziphakathi nendawo. Abesilisa babomvu ngokugqamile, ngaphandle kwesifihla-buso esimnyama ebusweni. Ziyizinyoni ezaziwa kakhulu ngenxa yombala wazo obomvu ogqamile. Abesifazane banombala onsundu ngokukhanyayo noma onsundu ngokukhanyayo okuluhlaza ngokugqamile okubomvu futhi abanaso isifihla-buso esimnyama (kodwa izingxenye zobuso babo zingaba mnyama).
Bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane banemilomo eminyene enombala obomvu osawolintshi obomvu, umsila omude kanye nenqwaba yezimpaphe ezihlukile ekhakhayini. Abesilisa bakhulu kancane kunabesifazane. Abesilisa bangama-22.2 kuya ku-23.5 cm ubude, kanti abesifazane bangama-20.9 kuye ku-21.6 cm ubude.Isisindo esimaphakathi sokhadinali ababomvu abadala singama-42 kuye kuma-48 g.Phakathi nendawo ubude obungu-30.5 cm. amakhadinali abomvu ayefana nabesifazane, kepha anempunga kunompevu obomvu osawolintshi.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Kukhona ama-subspecies ayi-18 amakhadinali abomvu. Iningi lalawa ma-subspecies ahlukile ngombala wemaski kwabesifazane.
Ngokungafani nezinye izinyoni zezingoma eziningi eNyakatho Melika, amakhadinali abomvu abesilisa nabesifazane angacula. Njengomthetho, izinyoni zezingoma zesilisa kuphela ezingacula. Banemishwana ehlukanisiwe, enjenge- "chip-chip-chip" ebukhali kakhulu noma ukubingelela okude. Bajwayele ukukhetha izingoma eziphakeme kakhulu zokucula. Indoda izosebenzisa ubizo lwayo ukuheha insikazi, kuyilapho ukhadinali obomvu wesifazane ezocula esesidlekeni sakhe, mhlawumbe ebiza owakwakhe njengomyalezo wokudla.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Ukhadinali obomvu obhalwe omdala kunabo bonke wayengowesifazane, futhi wayeneminyaka engu-15 nezinyanga eziyi-9 ubudala ngesikhathi etholakala ePennsylvania.
Uhlala kuphi ukhadinali obomvu?
Ikhadinali Ebomvu Ebomvu eMelika
Balinganiselwa ezigidini eziyi-120 oKhadinali Abomvu emhlabeni, iningi labo elihlala empumalanga ye-United States, bese kuba yiMexico, bese kuba seNingizimu yeCanada. E-United States, zingatholakala zisuka eMaine ziye eTexas naseningizimu zidlule eMexico, eBelize naseGuatemala. Futhi bahlala ezingxenyeni ze-Arizona, California, New Mexico naseHawaii.
Ububanzi bukakhadinali obomvu bukhuphukile kule minyaka engama-50 edlule, kubandakanya iNew York neNew England, futhi kuyaqhubeka nokwanda enyakatho nasentshonalanga. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungenxa yokwanda kwamadolobha, amaphethelo nabantu abahlinzeka ngokudla unyaka wonke, okwenza kube lula ngabo ukuthi baphile ezindaweni ezibandayo. Okhadinali abomvu bavamise ukuhlala ngaphansi kwezihlahlana eziminyene njengasemaphethelweni ehlathi, izinkambu ezikhule kakhulu, uthango, amaxhaphozi, imidwebo enemihlobiso nemihlobiso.
Ngakho-ke, oKhadinali Abomvu badabuka esifundeni sase-Nearctic. Atholakala kulo lonke elaseMpumalanga nasenkabeni yeNyakatho Melika ukusuka eningizimu yeCanada kuya ezingxenyeni zaseMexico naseMelika Ephakathi. Ziye zavezwa naseCalifornia, eHawaii naseBermuda. Ama-Red Cardinals andise uhla lwawo ngokuphawulekayo kusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1800, esebenzisa amathuba okushisa aphansi, indawo yokuhlala yabantu, kanye nokudla okwengeziwe okutholakala kubaphakeli bezinyoni.
Okhadinali abomvu bathanda imiphetho yehlathi, uthango notshani obuzungeze izindlu. Lokhu kungaba yingxenye yokwanda kwamanani abo kusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1800. Okhadinali abomvu nabo bayazuza kunani elikhulu labantu ababondlayo nezinye izinyoni ezidla imbewu egcekeni labo.
Manje uyazi lapho ukhadinali obomvu etholakala khona. Ake sibone ukuthi inyoni idlani.
Udla ini ukhadinali obomvu?
Isithombe: Ikhadinali elibomvu lenyoni
Amakhadinali abomvu angama-omnivores. Ukudla okujwayelekile kukakhadinali obomvu kubandakanya imbewu, okusanhlamvu nezithelo. Ukudla kwazo kuphelezelwa izinambuzane, okuyizinto eziyinhloko zokudla kwamachwane azo. Ezinye zezinambuzane abazithandayo zihlanganisa amabhungane, izimvemvane, ama-centipedes, ama-cicadas, amakhilikithi, izimpukane, ama-katidid, amabhu nezicabucabu.
Phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika, bathembela kakhulu embewini enikezwe ama-feeder, futhi izintandokazi zabo ziyimbewu ye-sunflower emafutheni kawoyela ne-safflower. Okunye ukudla abakuthandayo yi-dogwood, amagilebhisi asendle, i-buckwheat, amakhambi, ama-sedges, ama-mulberry, ama-blueberries, ama-blackberries, i-sumac, isihlahla se-tulip nommbila. Izitshalo ze-Blueberry, i-mulberry, ne-blackberry yizindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokutshala njengoba ziba umthombo wokudla nendawo yokukhosela ezihlahleni zazo.
Ukugcina ukubukeka kwazo, kudla izithelo zomvini noma ama-dogwood amajikijolo. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokugaya, izingulube ezivela ezithelweni zingena egazini, izimpaphe zezimpaphe, bese ziqhakaza. Uma ukhadinali obomvu engawatholi amajikijolo, umthunzi wawo uzobuna kancane kancane.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Okhadinali abomvu bathola imibala yabo egqamile kwizingulube ezitholakala kumajikijolo nakwezinye izinto zokutshala ekudleni kwabo.
Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuheha amakhadinali abomvu ukuphakela izinyoni. Ngokungafani nezinye izinyoni eziningi, okhadinali abakwazi ukuguqula indlela yabo ngokushesha, ngakho-ke abaphakeli bezinyoni kumele babe banele ngokwanele ukuba bahlale kalula. Bafuna ukuzizwa bevikelekile ngenkathi bedla, ngakho-ke kungcono ukubeka okuphakelayo cishe u-1.5-1.8m ngaphezu komhlaba futhi eduze kwezihlahla noma izihlahla. AmaRed Cardinals nawo angabondli bomhlaba futhi azokwazisa ukuthi ukudla kusala ngaphansi komphakeli wezinyoni. Ezinye zezitayela zokuphakela izinyoni ezihamba phambili zifaka ama-feeder anendawo enkulu yokuhlala evulekile.
Okhadinali abomvu basebenzisa izindawo zokugeza ekuphuzeni nasekugezeni. Ngenxa yobukhulu bokhadinali abaningi, kungcono ukuba ne-birdbath 5 kuya ku-8 cm ukujula lapho kujule khona. Ebusika, kungcono ukugeza izinyoni ezishisayo noma ukucwilisa i-heater endaweni yokugeza inyoni ejwayelekile. Amanzi okugeza azo zonke izinhlobo zezinyoni kufanele aguqulwe kaningana ngesonto. Uma umthombo wamanzi ungakhonjiswa, amakhadinali abomvu kuzofanele ahambe futhi awathole kwenye indawo, njengechibi lendawo, umfudlana, noma umfula.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: UKhadinali Obomvu ebusika
Amakhadinali abomvu awahambelani futhi unyaka wonke kulo lonke uhla lwawo. Ziyasebenza emini, ikakhulukazi ekuseni nakusihlwa. Ngesikhathi sasebusika, iningi lamakhadinali liyagcwala futhi lihlale ndawonye. Ngenkathi yokuzalanisa, zisendaweni ethile impela.
Okhadinali abomvu bakhetha indawo ecashile lapho bezizwa bephephile khona. Uhlobo lwezindawo ezinikeza ukumbozwa okuhle kakhulu yimivini eminyene, izihlahla nezihlahlana. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezihlahla nezihlahlana amakhadinali abomvu afinyelela kuzo ngezinhloso zokwakha isidleke. Ukutshala izihlahla ezifana nemivini, i-honeysuckle, i-dogwood ne-juniper kungaba yisembozo esifanele sezidleke zazo. Ebusika, izihlahla ezihlala ziluhlaza nezihlahlana zinikeza indawo yokuhlala ephephile futhi eyanele yalezi zinyoni ezingafuduki.
Okhadinali abomvu abawasebenzisi amabhokisi okufukamela. Esikhundleni salokho, owesilisa nowesifazane bazofuna isidleke esimbozwe kakhulu ngesonto noma amabili ngaphambi kokuba owesifazane aqale ukusakha. Indawo eyiyo ivamise ukuba lapho isidleke siboshelwa emfolokoeni yamagatsha amancane esihlahleni, esitsheni noma ebholeni. Isidleke sihlale sifihlwe emahlamvu aminyene. Izihlahla nezihlahla ezivame kakhulu ezikhethwa okhadinali abomvu kufaka phakathi i-dogwood, i-honeysuckle, i-pine, i-hawthorn, amagilebhisi, i-spruce, i-hemlock, i-blackberry, ama-rose bush, ama-elms, ama-elderberries, ne-maple kashukela.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Okhadinali ababomvu besifazane banesibopho sokwakha izidleke. Imvamisa zakha izidleke ngamahlumela, izinaliti zikaphayini, utshani nezinye izinto zokutshala.
Uma indawo ikhethiwe, owesilisa uvame ukuletha okwakha isidleke kowesifazane. Lezi zinto zibandakanya imichilo yamagxolo, amahlumela amancane amancanyana, imivini, utshani, amaqabunga, izinaliti zikaphayini, imicu yezitshalo, izimpande neziqu. Owesifazane uphihliza amahlumela ngomlomo wakhe aze aguquguquke abese ewaphusha ngezidladla zakhe, akhe isimo senkomishi.
Isidleke ngasinye sinezingqimba ezine zamahlumela amabi, ambozwe uhlaka lwamaqabunga, afakwe amagxolo omvini, bese enqunywa ngezinaliti zikaphayini, utshani, iziqu nezimpande. Isidleke ngasinye sithatha izinsuku ezifika kwezili-10. AmaRed Cardinals azosebenzisa indawo yawo yokwakha izidleke kanye kuphela, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi kuhlale kunezihlahla eziningi, amahlathi kanye nezinto zokwakha eziseduze.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ukhadinali obomvu owesilisa nowesifazane
Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, oKhadinali Abomvu baziwa ngokuzala amantshontsho amathathu ngesizini eyodwa. Ezifundazweni eziphakathi, azivamile ukuzala ezingaphezu kweyodwa. OKhadinali Abomvu bangabazali abahlukile. Owesilisa wabelana ngezibopho zomzali nomlingani wakhe, ukondla nokunakekela umama ngesikhathi sokufukamela nangemva kokufukamela. Imvelo kayise iyamsiza avikele umama nezingane baze bashiye isidleke.
Amakhadinali abomvu abancane bavame ukulandela abazali babo emhlabathini izinsuku ezimbalwa ngemuva kokushiya isidleke. Bahlala basondelene kakhulu nabazali babo kuze kube yilapho sebekwazi ukuzitholela ukudla bodwa. Ngenkathi owesilisa enakekela umndeni wakhe, umbala wakhe obomvu ogqamile uvamise ukushintsha abe umthunzi onsundu onsundu.
Izikhathi zokukhwelana zokhadinali abomvu ngoMashi, ngoMeyi, ngoJuni nangoJulayi. Usayizi Clutch - kusuka 2 kuya 5 amaqanda. Iqanda lingama-2.2 kuya ku-2.7 cm ubude, 1.7 kuya ku-2 cm ububanzi, futhi linesisindo esingu-4.5 grams. Amaqanda abushelelezi futhi acwebezela mhlophe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma onsundu, onemibala empunga, nsundu noma ngokubomvu. Isikhathi sokufukamela siyizinsuku eziyi-11 kuye kwezingu-13. Amantshontsho azalwa enqunu, ngaphandle kwezingcosana zesikhumba esimpunga phansi, amehlo abo avalekile futhi ayindida.
Izigaba zokuphila zokhadinali abasha abomvu:
- cub - kusuka ezinsukwini ezingu-0 kuya kwezingu-3. Amehlo akhe awakavuli, kungenzeka kube khona izicucu ezingezansi emzimbeni wakhe. Hhayi ukulungele ukushiya isidleke;
- iphuphu - kusuka ezinsukwini ezine kuya kwezingu-13. Amehlo ayo avulekile, futhi izimpaphe ezisemaphikweni azo zingafana namashubhu, ngoba kusamele afohle amagobolondo avikelayo. Namanje akakakulungeli ukushiya isidleke;
- abancane - izinsuku eziyi-14 nangaphezulu. Le nyoni inezimpiko ngokuphelele. Izimpiko zakhe nomsila wakhe ungaba mfushane futhi kungenzeka ukuthi akakabi nakho ukundiza okwamanje, kodwa uyakwazi ukuhamba, agxume futhi aphephethe. Usishiyile isidleke, yize abazali bakhe bengaba khona ukusiza nokuvikela uma kudingeka.
Izitha zemvelo zokhadinali ababomvu
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani ukhadinali obomvu
Amakhadinali abomvu asebekhulile angadliwa amakati afuywayo, izinja ezifuywayo, oklebe bakaCooper, ama-shrikes asenyakatho, izingwejeje ezimpunga empumalanga, isikhova esinamalebe amade. Amachwane kanye namaqanda asengozini yokudliwa yizinyoka, izinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane. Izilwane ezihlasela amachwane namaqanda zifaka phakathi izinyoka zobisi, izinyoka ezimnyama, ama-jay aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izingwejeje ezibomvu, nama-chipmunks asempumalanga. Izidumbu zezinkomo nazo ziyakwazi ukweba amaqanda esidlekeni, kwesinye isikhathi ziyawadla.
Lapho bebhekene nomzingeli eduze kwesidleke sabo, amakhadinali abomvu abesilisa nabesifazane bazonikeza i-alamu, okuyinothi elifushane, elihlaba umxhwele, futhi bandizele ngakulesilwane ngomzamo wokusethusa. Kepha abagcini ngolaka nezidlakela.
Ngakho-ke, izidumbu ezaziwayo zamakhadinali abomvu yilezi:
- amakati ezifuywayo (Felis silvestris);
- izinja ezifuywayo (Canis lupusiliaris);
- Onogada baka-Cooper (i-Accipiter cooperii);
- I-shrike yaseMelika (uLanius ludovicianus);
- i-shrike esenyakatho (i-Lanius excubitor);
- UCaroline squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis);
- izikhova ezinamaqabunga amade (Asio otus);
- Izikhova zaseMpumalanga (Otus Asio);
- izinyoka zobisi (Lampropeltis triangulum elapsoides);
- inyoka emnyama (Coluber constrictor);
- inyoka ekhuphukayo empunga (Pantherophis obsoletus);
- i-blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata);
- ingwejeje impungushe (iSciurus niger);
- izingwejeje ezibomvu (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus);
- ama-chipmunks asempumalanga (Tamias striatus);
- isidumbu senkomo esinsundu (Molothrus ater).
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: UKhadinali Obomvu
Okhadinali abomvu babonakala bekhuphuke ngamanani nobubanzi bezindawo eminyakeni engama-200 edlule. Lokhu mhlawumbe kungumphumela wokwanda kwendawo yokuhlala ngenxa yomsebenzi wabantu. Emhlabeni jikelele kunabantu abangaba yizigidi eziyikhulu. Njengoba amakhadinali abomvu bedla inqwaba yembewu nezithelo, bangayihlakaza imbewu yezinye izitshalo. Futhi zingaba nomthelela ekwakhiweni komphakathi wezitshalo ngokusebenzisa imbewu.
Amakhadinali abomvu ahlinzeka izidlo zawo ngokudla. Futhi ngezikhathi ezithile zikhulisa amatshwele ezinkomo zekhanda ezinsundu, ezibeka izidleke zazo engozini, zisiza abantu bendawo bezidumbu zezinkomo ezinamakhanda ansundu. Amakhadinali abomvu aqukethe nezimuncagazi eziningi zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Amakhadinali abomvu athinta abantu ngokusabalalisa imbewu nokudla izinambuzane ezinjenge-weevils, hacksaws, kanye nezibungu. Futhi bayizivakashi ezikhangayo kulabo abaphakela izinyoni ngemuva kwendlu. Ayikho imiphumela emibi eyaziwayo yamaKhadinali Abomvu kubantu.
Okhadinali abomvu bake babhekwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo ngombala wabo onamandla nomsindo ohlukile. E-United States, okhadinali ababomvu bathola ukuvikelwa okukhethekile kwezomthetho ngaphansi koMthetho Wezinyoni Ezifudukayo zango-1918, okubuye kuvimbele ukuthengiswa kwabo njengezinyoni ezivalelwe. Iphinde ivikelwe yiNgqungquthela Yokuvikelwa Kwezinyoni Ezifudukayo eCanada.
Ikhadinali elibomvu - inyoni yengoma ene-crest ephakanyisiwe ekhanda layo noqhwaku olumise okwe-orange obomvu. Amakhadinali angabahlali unyaka wonke ngaphakathi kobubanzi bawo. Lezi zinyoni azivame ukutholakala emahlathini. Zikhetha izindawo ezisemadlelweni ezinezihlahlana nezihlahlana ezingacasha kuzo zidle.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: Januwari 14, 2020
Usuku lokubuyekeza: 09/15/2019 ngo-0: 04
