I-Kobchik - inyoni encane kunazo zonke emndenini we-falcon. Ngalesi sizathu, imidumba ivamise ukudideka nokhokho, kepha uma ubona lezi zinyoni zihlangene, kuzocaca ngokushesha ukuthi imidumba emincane kangakanani kunamafalcon. Le nyoni ayijwayelekile neze. Ngaphezu kosayizi wayo omncane, ibuye ibe nokudla okungajwayelekile. Kwanele ukusho ukuthi ama-80% okudla kwezinkukhu ezakhiwe ngezinambuzane ezinkulu. Le nto inikezelwe kumakati wesilisa. I-athikili izotshela ngokuningiliziwe ngohlobo lwe-fining, indawo yazo yokuhlala, ukuzala kanye nenani lezinyoni.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Kobchik
Njengesigaba, ama-feline akhiwa amashumi ezinkulungwane zeminyaka edlule. Izinsalela zasendulo kakhulu zommeleli wama-felines zitholakale eRomania ngesikhathi sokumbiwa kwemivubukulo futhi zibuyela emuva enkulungwaneni yesithathu yeminyaka BC. Emibhalweni yesayensi, i-fawn yashiwo nguKarl Linnaeus ngo-1766. Ngemuva kwalokho, incazelo yokubukeka nemikhuba yale nyoni yashintsha kaningana, futhi incazelo yokugcina yalolu hlobo lwakhiwa kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20.
Ividiyo: Kobchik
Ngosayizi, i-coccyx incane kancane kunejuba, kepha inhle kakhulu lapho indiza. Ubude benyoni kusukela esihlokweni somsila kuya emlonyeni cishe ngamasentimitha angama-30, ubude bempiko bungafika kumasentimitha angama-70. Isisindo somzimba singeqi ku-200 gram. Ngaphandle kokuthi i-red fawn iyinyoni edla inyama, inomlomo obuthakathaka futhi omfushane, ongeke wabulala umdlalo omkhulu. Kuma-fawns wesilisa kune-dimorphism yezocansi eveziwe. Abesifazane bakhulu kakhulu kunabesilisa futhi bahlukile ngombala wezimpaphe.
Eyesilisa inezimpaphe ezimpunga (ezicishe zibe mnyama) ezinesisu esibomvu. Izimpaphe zowesifazane azifani nombala ocher ogqamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunemivimbo empunga ngemuva kowesifazane, futhi isisu sihlotshiswe ngezimpaphe eziguquguqukayo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: "Amabhulukwe abomvu" emadodeni awaveli ngokushesha. Ngemuva kokushiya isidleke, abesilisa baba nezimpaphe ezifanayo ze-motley esiswini nasemilenzeni njengowesifazane. Izimpaphe emilenzeni nasesiswini ziba bomvu kuphela lapho inyoni isifikile ebusheni.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani u-feline
Umndeni we-feline awuningi kangako. Njengamanje, ama-subspecies ama-2 kuphela ama-fawn awaziwa. Uhlobo lokuqala luyinto yakudala enezimpaphe ezicishe zibe mnyama nesisu nemilenze ebomvu. Uhlobo lwesibili, oluncane kakhulu, lutholakala kuphela eMpumalanga Ekude futhi lubizwa ngokuthi i-fawn yonyawo olubomvu olusempumalanga.
Ihlukile kunja yezinyawo ezibomvu yaseYurophu ngombala wezimpaphe. Le nyoni inezimpaphe ezikhanyayo ezimpunga, izimpaphe ezinamachashaza esiswini nezihlathi ezimhlophe ezikhanyayo. I-dimorphism yezocansi ibonakala ngeqiniso lokuthi ingxenye yangaphakathi yephiko labesilisa imhlophe, kanti kwabesifazane iba mpunga. Izinyoni ezisencane zinentamo emhlophe, okuba mnyama ngokuqala kokuthomba.
Endaweni yeRussian Federation, i-kobchik esempumalanga ihlala eTrans-Baikal Territory kanye nesifunda sase-Amur. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izala eMongolia nasezifundeni ezisempumalanga yeChina naseNyakatho Korea. Ngokwesayizi nokuziphatha, imidumba yasempumalanga ayihlukile kozakwabo wase-Europe.
Izici ezikhethekile zale nyoni zifaka phakathi ukuthi ibekezelela impilo ekuthunjweni kahle futhi ingagcinwa endaweni ebiyelwe enkulu. Ngokungafani nezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye ezinamaphiko, imidlwane yeduna izala kahle lapho iboshiwe futhi ijwayela ezinye izifunzo kalula. Kunezimo lapho ikati elinezinyawo ezibomvu lafundiswa ukuzingela ondlunkulu namajuba, kanti inyoni yenza umsebenzi oncomekayo ngalo msebenzi.
Uhlala kuphi uheshe?
Isithombe: Kobchik indiza
Indawo yokuhlala yabesifazane inkulu impela. Izinyoni zizizwa zizinhle kulo lonke izwekazi lase-Eurasia, kusukela e-Ukraine nasePoland kuya osebeni loMfula iLena osolwandle. Le nyoni ikwazi ukujwayela isimo sezulu esishisayo sezwekazi, kepha ayikwazi ukumelana namakhaza amancanyana, ikhetha ukuchitha ubusika emazweni afudumele.
Inani elikhulu lalezi zidliwayo ezincane zitholakala emazweni aseBalkan, eKazakhstan ngisho nasezindaweni ze-Urals ezingaphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlobo oluhlukile lwezinyoni, i-Amur red-felled, luhlala eMpumalanga Ekude futhi luzizwa lukhulu emaqeleni aseDaurian. Lapho zihlala khona, izinyoni zikhetha indawo evulekile. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, ama-felines athanda ukuhlala emasimini, e-steppe-steppe, nasezindaweni eziseduze zezolimo. Futhi, izinyoni zingabonakala eduze kwamaxhaphozi, lapho kuhlala khona izinhlobo eziningi zezinambuzane.
Ukuphela kwendawo lapho ikati lowesilisa lingasoze lahlala khona kusehlathini elikhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukhozi luhamba kabi futhi alulungiselwanga ukundiza phakathi kwezihlahla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulula ukubamba izinambuzane endaweni evulekile, le nyoni edla kuyo. Ngenkathi yasebusika, imidumba yamaduna ifudukela e-Afrika noma ezifundeni eziseningizimu ye-Asia. Kepha azakhi izidleke emazweni afudumele, zikhetha ukuzala eYurophu.
Manje uyazi lapho ikati lowesilisa litholakala khona. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Lidlani ikati lowesilisa?
Isithombe: Inyoni enezinyawo ezibomvu
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, izinambuzane ezinkulu zakha ukudla okuyinhloko kwama-fawns amaduna.
Inyoni izingela ngenjabulo:
- izinkumbi;
- izimvemvane ezinkulu;
- ojekamanzi;
- IZhukov;
- izinyosi neminyovu.
Ama-feline nawo ayakwazi ukuzingela emoyeni, ukubamba inyamazane ngoqhwaku lwawo, nasemhlabathini, ukukhulisa izinambuzane ngezidladla zazo eziqinile. Okhozi abancane bazizwa behle emoyeni futhi bayakwazi ukubamba ngisho nesisulu esincanyana kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokondla amaphuphu noma uma kwenzeka kushoda izinambuzane eziyinhlekelele, ama-fining aqala ukuzingela izilwane ezincelisayo noma izinyoni ezincane. Kuvamile ukuthi izinyane lenkukhu libambe ondlunkulu, amajuba kanye nezinqola, kanye nokubamba amagundane nezibankwa.
Uma sikhona isidingo, ama-fining angadla izidumbu futhi adle nokudla okuvela etafuleni lomuntu, kepha ushintsho olunjalo ekudleni lunomthelela omubi ngokweqile empilweni yezinyoni kanye nesikhathi sokuphila kwazo. Iqiniso ukuthi umzimba wekati lowesilisa wakhelwe ngendlela yokuthi uhlala udinga inani elikhulu lamaprotheni, akhona ezinambuzaneni. Futhi uma inyoni iqala ukudla okunye ukudla, khona-ke umzimba wayo awunawo amaprotheni, okuholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zempilo.
Kuma-zoo, alwa nale nkinga, ngifaka izinambuzane (ikakhulukazi amaphela amakhulu aseMadagascar) nezindawo ezikhethekile zamavithamini ezinokuqukethwe okunamaprotheni amaningi ekudleni kwamakati abesilisa.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Kobchik eRussia
Yize ubukhulu bayo bungasho lutho, imidada yezinyawo ezibomvu iyinyoni enolaka, futhi kwesinye isikhathi imane izikhukhumeze. Lezi zilwane ezinamaphiko ziyashona. Umsebenzi wabo uqala ngemisebe yokuqala yelanga futhi uphela ngokufika kobumnyama.
Izimpungushe ziyizinyoni zomphakathi. Abanayo indawo ecacile, futhi bakhetha ukuhlala emakoloni amancane abantu abayi-10-20. Kwezinye izimo, ikoloni lezinhlanzi lingafinyelela emakhulwini ezinyoni. Ngokungafani nenkohliso yakudala, amazinyane eduna azizwa emuhle eqenjini, futhi awanazo izingqinamba eziphikisanayo ezihlobene nokwehlukaniswa kwezindawo zokuzingela.
UKobchik uyinyoni efudukayo. Zibuyela ezindaweni zazo zokwakha izidleke maphakathi no-Ephreli, bese zindiza ziye emazweni ashisayo ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umgogodla womhlambi ofudukayo wakhiwa ngaphakathi kwaleli koloni, futhi ezinye izinyoni zivame ukujoyina. Ngokwengeziwe, kufanele kuthiwe amakati wesilisa angabazali abanomthwalo wemfanelo kakhulu. Futhi eyeduna ayisoze yashiya insikazi ihleli phezu kwamaqanda noma ikhulisa amachwane. Uzobamba inyamazane enkulu njengoba umndeni udinga.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Ngokungafani nabanye abamele umndeni we-falcon, ama-fawn awasabi abantu. Zithanjiswe ngokuphelele kunoma isiphi ubudala, futhi ziyakwazi ukubona inkosi yazo ngisho nangemva kweminyaka eminingana.
Le nyoni inokuthamba, futhi iyakwazi ukuzwana nezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni. Ikakhulukazi kahle, izinkukhu ezizala zihlala ndawonye nemihlambi emikhulu yezinkomo. Zilandela izinkomo, zibamba izimpukane kanye nezimpukane.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Pair of fawn
Isikhathi sokukhwelana siqala maphakathi nenyanga kaMeyi. Inqubo yokuqomisana iyajabulisa kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, owesilisa undiza phezu kowesifazane, echaza iziqubulo ezihlekisayo emoyeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imidumba yenza imisindo yokuhlokoma futhi izame ukudansa. I-felines ayakhi izidleke. Esikhundleni salokho, zithanda ukuhlala ezidlekeni zabanye abantu, zixosha izinyoni ezizakhayo. Njengomthetho, izidalwa ezinamaphiko zihlala ezidlekeni zezimpisi, amagwababa, ama-rook ngisho nezindwandwe. Futhi, i-coccyx ingahlala emigodini yezihlahla noma emifantwini yamatshe.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Le nkathi yokuzalanisa sekwephuzile ihlotshaniswa nemijikelezo yemvelo. Iqiniso ngukuthi izinambuzane ezinkulu (ezinjengojekamanzi nesikhonyane) zivela kuphela ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, futhi ngaphandle kwazo, amakati abesilisa ngeke ondle inzalo yawo.
Ezimweni eziningi, kukhona amaqanda ayi-4-6 ku-clutch of fawns male, okuthi abesilisa nabesilisa bachamusele ngokushintshana. Inqubo yokuchamusela ithatha okungenani izinsuku ezingama-25. Ngemuva kokuba amachwane esechanyusile, insikazi ihlala nayo. Iduna lona, liphakela insikazi namatshwele ukudla. Mangisho ukuthi amaphuphu aminzile kakhulu futhi owesilisa unesikhathi esinzima kakhulu. Inyanga yonke, ubamba izinambuzane ezinamakhefu amafushane aziyise esidlekeni.
Amachwane ashiya isidleke ngenyanga ngemuva kokuzalwa kwawo. Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti (izinyanga ezi-2 kusukela osukwini lokuzalwa) bazimela ngokuphelele, futhi lapho kufika isikhathi sokufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile, amakati amancane wesilisa andiza ngokulingana nabantu abadala. Ngokwesilinganiso, isikhathi sokuphila sabesilisa besilisa cishe iminyaka eyi-15. Kodwa-ke, ekuthunjweni, ngokunakekelwa okufanele nangokondleka, ama-felines angaphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-25.
Izitha zemvelo zenzondo
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani u-feline
Izimpungushe azinazo izitha ezifungelwe endle. Ngokwemvelo, izidalwa ezinemilenze emine ezifana nezimpungushe, izimbila, izimpisi noma ama-raccoon ngeke zenqabe ukuzitika ngamaqanda noma ukudla amachwane amancane, kepha lokhu kungagcwala umhlaseli uqobo.
Okucacile kulele ekutheni imidumba yizinyoni ezinesistimu yezenhlalo ethuthuke kakhulu, zihlala eqenjini. Futhi uma i-clutch noma amaphuphu esengozini, khona-ke zonke izinyoni ezindala zizovikela ezazo.
Ngisho nomzingeli omkhulu ngeke amelane nokuhlaselwa okukhulu kokhokho abancane. Emibhalweni yesayensi (noma kunjalo, njengakumadokhumentari), kunezibonelo ezanele zokuthi iqembu lezinyoni laxosha kanjani izilwane ezinkulu ezifana nempisi noma impungushe ezindaweni zazo zokwakha izidleke.
Kunzima futhi nakwezinye izilwane ezinamaphiko njengezinkozi noma oklebe ukubamba amachaphazelo, kukhombisa izimangaliso zokusebenzisa umoya emoyeni. Usongo olukhulu kakhulu ezinyonini ngabantu. Okokuqala, izinyoni zivame ukudutshulwa abafuyi bezinyosi. Iqiniso ngukuthi izinzalo zamaduna zingahlala eduze kwezidleke zezinyosi ezinkulu futhi ngokungaguquguquki futhi nsuku zonke zibhubhise inani lezinyosi. Okwesibili, izibulala-zinambuzane zesimanje nezinye izinto ezinobuthi ezisetshenziselwa ukufaka ubuthi ezinambuzaneni ziyingozi enkulu ezinyonini. Izinyoni zivame ukubamba izinambuzane futhi ekugcineni zigule noma zife ngokwazo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Kobchik
Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa besilisa basengozini. Lokhu akukhona ukuphela kwezinhlobo zezilwane, kepha izinyoni zisondele endaweni esengozini. Futhi ixhumeke hhayi ngenani labantu, kepha ngezinga lapho inani labantu lincipha khona. Ososayensi-ama-ornithologists bathi njengamanje kunabantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-50 e-Eurasia. Kodwa-ke, inani lezinyoni lincipha ngokushesha. Izinyoni eziningi zigoqiwe, futhi ukufa phakathi kwezinyoni ezine-ringed kuphakeme kakhulu, okusikisela ukuthi bonke abantu basengozini.
Inkinga ukuthi izinyoni zidla izinambuzane ukuze zidle, ezinobuthi obusebenzayo ngamakhemikhali kanye ne-pesticides. Lezi zinto eziyingozi ziqongelela emzimbeni wezinkukhu futhi ngemuva kwesikhashana zibanga ukugula okubi nokufa kwezinyoni. Kuthathwa izinyathelo ezibalulekile ukuvikela nokugcina izinyoni. Ikakhulu, ezindaweni eziningi ezigciniwe ezise-Urals, kudalwa izindawo ezikhethekile zokuvikela, lapho kungasetshenziswa khona izinto eziyingozi futhi izinyoni zingazingela ngokuphepha ngokuphelele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi uyaqhubeka wokufuya izinyoni ekuthunjweni. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni ezidla inyama, ama-fining kulula ukuwathambisa futhi azale kahle ekuthunjweni. Lokhu kunikeza ithemba lokuthi izinhlobo zingabuyiselwa, yize zivalwe kakhulu.I-Kobchik Iyinyoni yezilwane engajwayelekile edla izinambuzane ezinkulu. Kwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika, laba oklebe abancane bathanjisiwe ngokukhethekile ukuze bazingele izinkumbi futhi ngaleyo ndlela bagcine amasimu ezolimo ephephile futhi ephilile. Abantu kufanele benze konke okusemandleni ukugcina inani lezinyoni liqinile futhi bazame ukubuyisa izinombolo zabo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08.01.
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/13/2019 ngo-17: 35
