Efa inyoka - ummeleli womndeni wezinyoka. Ungenye yezinyoka eziyishumi ezinobuthi kakhulu emhlabeni. Futhi futhi kungukuphela kommeleli wezinhlobo ezihlala endaweni ye-USSR yangaphambili. Isici esihlukile se-ffo isivinini sayo nobudlova, isibindi. Angakwazi ukuhlasela kalula isitha esikhudlwana. Futhi, inyoka inokubukeka okungajwayelekile nendlela yokuphila engavamile kwezinye izilwane ezihuquzelayo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Inyoka ye-Efa
U-Efa uyilungu lomndeni wezinyoka, kodwa naphakathi kwalezi zinyoka iyingozi kakhulu futhi inobuthi. Ihlala kakhulu ezindaweni ezingenamuntu ezingenamuntu. Uhlobo luvame ukubizwa ngokuningiliziwe njengezinhlanzi zeSandy. Lokhu kufaka inani lezinhlobo eziyi-9. Cishe azifani, kepha zikhona ezinye izici.
Okuvame ukutholakala kakhulu: I-Central Asia ne-variegated. Kukholakala ukuthi iCentral Asia Efa ibingummeli wokuqala wohlobo. Ngendlela, iyona enkulu kunazo zonke. Kodwa i-motley ivame ukutholakala ezingwadule zase-Afrika, ikhetha ingxenye esenyakatho yezwekazi.
Ividiyo: Inyoka efa
Lolu hlobo luvame kakhulu eGibhithe. Yize i-motley ivumelaniswa nempilo ngisho nasekushiseni kwama-degree angama-50, isathanda ukuyozingela ebusuku ezimeni ezinzima kangaka. ENtshonalanga, phambilini, i-efu yayingafani nhlobo nohlobo oluthile, iyibiza ngokuthi iCarpet (Scaled) Viper.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-Efa ingashintsha umbala wayo ngandlela thile, kuya ngendawo yokuhlala.
Isikhathi sokuphila sabameleli balezi zinhlobo ezimweni zemvelo yiminyaka eyi-10-12. I-Efa ingenye yezinyoka eziyingozi kakhulu. Ngokwezibalo, bonke abantu abayi-6 abalunywe yi-ephae bayafa. Futhi, uma sithatha izibalo zokushona kwabantu ngokulunywa yinyoka, khona-ke kukhona umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-7 walabo abalunywe yi-efoy.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani inyoka ye-efa
Ama-Eph ayizilwane ezihuquzelayo ezinesilinganiso esiphakathi nendawo. Imvamisa ubude benyoka abudluli ku-60 cm, kepha ezimweni ezingavamile ungathola abamele kuze kufike kuma-cm 75. Abesilisa cishe bahlala besakhulu kancane kunabesifazane.
Njengoba u-Efa echitha isikhathi esiningi ezindaweni zasogwadule, lokhu kushiya uphawu ekubukekeni kwakhe. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi imvamisa abamele umhlaba wezilwane banombala onjalo ozobasiza ukuba bafihle, bahlangane nezwe elibazungezile. Kungakho amathoni akhanyayo enqoba ngombala we-efy, omncane onombala wegolide.
Futhi, inyoka inezici ezimbalwa zezici zangaphandle:
- imivimbo yama-zigzag yakha iphethini ezinhlangothini;
- amabala amhlophe noma alula ompunga ahlobisa emuva nekhanda. Ngendlela, umthunzi wabo uncike endaweni lapho inyoka ihlala khona;
- isisu ikakhulu siphuzi. Kepha amachashazi amancane ansundu nawo angalandelelwa kuwo, ekugcineni akha amaphethini wemivimbo;
- ekhanda, abanye baze baphathe ukubona iphethini yesiphambano, uma ubheka kahle inyoka phezulu.
Zonke lezi zinto zokubukeka zisiza ukuthi i-efe ihlale ingabonakali ezimweni zemvelo zombili ngokudla kwayo kanye nezitha zayo. Umzimba wonke wenyoka umbozwe izikali. Ngemuva, zinezimbambo ezihluke ngokuphelele ezigqama kakhulu. Ezinhlangothini, zitholakala emigqeni engu-4-5, eqondiswe engeli phansi. Lapha, izimbambo zabo sezivele zinesakhiwo esine-serrated.
Kepha endaweni yomsila, indawo yesikali yi-longitudinal. Lapha zikulayini owodwa kuphela. Isikhundla esikhethekile sesikali siyadingeka kuzo zonke izilwane ezihuquzelayo ngenhloso yokulawula ukushisa komzimba. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kubahlali besimo sezulu esibi njengaleso esishisayo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukuhluka kohlobo lwezinhlobo kuyindlela ethokozisayo yokuhamba. U-Efa uhamba eceleni. Ekuqaleni, ikhanda liphonswa ngokushesha phambili, ngemuva kwalokho inyoka isivele ilithwele ibheke eceleni, bese iphonsa emuva komzimba phambili. Ekugcineni, umzimba wonke usuvele uqinisiwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, imivimbo emihle isala esihlabathini, yakha iphethini ethile.
Ihlala kuphi inyoka efa?
Isithombe: Efa inyoka ehlane
Ama-Efs akhetha isimo sezulu esomile nesishisa kakhulu. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi baningi ikakhulukazi ezingwadule zase-Afrika. I-Indonesia neNingizimu ye-Asia nakho kuhlala lezi zinyoka, kepha hhayi kakhulu. Ngendlela, zitholakala ngamanani amancane e-Uzbekistan, eTurkmenistan, eTajikistan. Izinhlobo ezihlukile zihlala lapha - i-Central Asia Efa. Lona kuphela ummeleli walolu hlobo lwezinyoka olutholwe endaweni ye-USSR.
Kulokhu, noma kunjalo, udinga ukuthi uqaphele. Ngisho inani elincane lezinyoka ezinjalo libeka ingozi ethile kubantu. Kuyafaneleka ukunaka iqiniso lokuthi i-efa kuyaqabukela ihlala endaweni eyodwa isikhathi eside. Uncamela ukuba sendleleni ngangokunokwenzeka, ngokufuduka njalo. Akunakwenzeka ukuqaphela noma yiziphi izinkathi ezikhethekile zokufuduka kohlobo, ngoba zihamba unyaka wonke.
Ama-Efs awathobeki ngokweqile kusimo sezulu ngakho-ke angaqhubeka nokuphila ngokufudumele emazingeni okushisa aze afike kuma-degree angama-50 anophawu lokuhlanganisa. Ngisho nokwehla okuphawulekayo kwezinga lokushisa ngeke kubangele ukuba balale ubusuku bonke noma bahlale endaweni eyodwa isikhathi eside. Ngasikhathi sinye, hhayi kuphela izingwadule ezazikhethwa yi-ffs. Baphinde bathande indawo esemaqeleni enezimithi eziminyene.
Amanye amalungu omndeni we-eff akhetha indawo enezintaba noma amathafa anamatshe. Njengoba i-efa incane kakhulu, ngeke kube nzima kuye ukungena emgodini omncane ukuze uhlale endaweni eyimfihlo. Kodwa noma kunjalo, njengoba izibalo zibonisa, i-Efa ivame ukukhetha indawo enezihlahla eziminyene.
Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu:
- imvamisa izindawo ezinjalo zinothe kakhulu ngokudla. Kulula kakhulu ukukuthola lapha kunasehlane noma ezintabeni;
- endaweni enjalo kulula ukuzingela, ngoba kulula kakhulu ukuhlala unganakile futhi ngaleyo ndlela usondele kongalimele;
- abantu bavame kakhulu lapho. Yize enesibindi, i-efa isazokhetha ukuhlala kude namehlo abantu, kunokuba ihlanganyele empini.
Kepha noma ngabe kunjalo, kuyaqabukela bazenzele izimbobo ezindaweni ezinjalo, bancamela ukumane baphile ezindaweni eziyimfihlo uma kunesidingo. Okuwukuphela kokuhlukile yilezo zikhathi lapho zinenzalo.
Manje uyazi ukuthi inyoka ye-efa itholakala kuphi. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Idliwa yini inyoka efa?
Isithombe: Inyoka enobuthi efa
I-Efa iyahamba isikhathi sayo esiningi. Ngisho nangemva kokudla okumnandi, akabambezeli. Yingakho kulula kakhulu ngaye ukuthi athole ukudla. Usengahamba kalula amabanga amade futhi azitholele ukudla okumnandi endaweni entsha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yejubane layo elimangalisayo, ukubamba inyamazane ngokuvamile akunzima.
I-Efa ingadla noma yikuphi ukudla engakubamba. Iziphazamisi, ama-centipedes, izinkumbi nezinye izinambuzane kwakha isisekelo sokudla kwe-Efa. Kepha lokhu kusebenza kuphela kubantu abasha nezinyoka ezincane. Abantu abadala bavame ukukhetha amagundane ngisho namachwane, izibankwa ezincane. Lokhu kubanikeza ukusuthiswa okude kakhulu futhi kuqede isidingo sokubheka ukudla.
Imvamisa izinyoka zikhetha ukuzingela ebusuku. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezinsukwini ezishisayo zasehlobo. Bese i-Efa ilinda ukushisa emgodini, bese iyahamba izingela ebusuku. Njengoba izinyoka zikwazi ukubona kahle ebumnyameni, akunzima ukuzulazula ngokuphelele endaweni lapho ufuna inyamazane. Kepha sonke isikhathi, i-Efa ingahola indlela yokuphila esebenzayo noma ngasiphi isikhathi, ngaphandle kokuyeka ukuzingela emini.
Inyoka encane ingagwinya isisulu siphelele, okuyiyona elula kunazo zonke. Kepha uma isisulu esingahle sibe sikhulu kakhulu noma singamelana, inyoka iqala ngokuyiqinisa ngengxenye yobuthi, bese iyidla kuphela. Ebusuku, i-Efa ivame ukukhetha ukuzingela amagundane namanye amagundane amancane.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-Efa iyingozi kangangoba ingazingela kalula nje ofezela.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-sand snake efa
Izilwane ezinwabuzelayo eziningi zikhetha ukuhlukanisa usuku lwazo ngezigaba ezimbili: ukuphumula nokuzingela. Kepha lokhu akuyona into ejwayelekile ye-Efe: inyoka isebenza ngokulinganayo imini nobusuku. Ngisho nangemva kokudla okumnandi, u-Efe akadingi ukuphumula - angahle azibekele ukwehla kancane ekunyakazeni kwakhe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, umsebenzi wayo awushintshi.
I-Efa ayifihli ubusika bonke. Ebusika, uyaqhubeka nokuphila ngendlela efanayo esebenzayo. Isizathu lapha, ngasendleleni, asikho emzimbeni wenyoka kuphela. Kuhlala ikakhulukazi ezifundeni lapho isimo sezulu esibanda kakhulu singenzeki khona. Yingakho umzimba wakhe ungashintshi nganoma iyiphi indlela. Uma, noma kunjalo, u-Efe kufanele alinde ngaphandle kweqhwa, khona-ke ngenxa yalokhu ukhetha ukukhetha i-mink eyimfihlo noma umsele. Kepha kulokhu, ngeke alale, kepha uzonciphisa kancane ijubane lakhe lempilo futhi anqabe ukuhamba amabanga amade.
Kungasentwasahlobo kuphela lapho inyoka ingazivumela ukuthi yehlise ijubane kancane futhi igcobe ilanga ngemuva kwesidlo esiphundu. Kubantu, i-efa iyingozi ethile. Uma unganikeli ngesikhathi esifanele, khona-ke ungafa ngokushesha futhi kabuhlungu ngokulunywa kwakhe. Ubuthi obufakwe kubuthi bayo buqala ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana egazi ngejubane lombani. Ukuphathwa kweSerum kuyadingeka ngokuphuthumayo.
U-Efa nakanjani akabesabi abantu. Angakwazi ukuhlala kalula ekhabethe noma kunoma iyiphi enye indawo endlini. Owokuqala uvame ukuhlasela. Yingakho udinga ukuthi uqaphele ikakhulukazi eduze kwendawo ehlala lezi zinyoka. I-Efa ingeyesigaba sezinyoka ezimbi kakhulu, yingakho bevame ukukhetha ukuqothulwa uma behlala eduze nezindawo zokuhlala abantu.
Isizathu ulaka nje olweqisayo. Ngenkathi ezinye izazi zithi i-Efa ihlasela kuphela uma iphazamisekile, lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Uhlala ekhombisa ubutha ngaphandle kwesizathu futhi angahlasela kuqala, enze ukweqa okungu-1-1.5 m. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhamba ngokushesha okukhulu, okumenza abe yingozi kakhulu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Inyoka ye-Efa
I-Efs yinyoka eyodwa. Kodwa-ke, njengezinye izinhlobo eziningi. Zikhetha ukuphila impilo yodwa futhi zihlangana kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Isikhathi esisele, bakhetha izimbobo ngokuthanda kwabo, bangagxili kwabanye. Noma ezinye izindawo ziyefana kwabaningi, kungenxa yesimo sezulu esihle noma ezinye izimo, kepha hhayi ngoba abantu banqume ukuhlala ndawonye.
I-Efa ingeyesigaba sezinyoka ezi-viviparous. Ukukhwelana kuvamise ukwenzeka ngoJanuwari, kuthi izinyoka ezincane zizalwe ngoMashi. Ngasikhathi sinye, umdanso wokukhwelana ngenyoka uqala ekuqaleni kobusika. I-Efa ingazala izingane ezi-3-15 ngasikhathi, okuthi zisuka nje ziholele indlela yokuphila ekhuthele kakhulu. Isilinganiso sobude bomzimba wabamele izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zezinhlobo asikho ngaphezu kwe-15 cm.
Abantu abasha bakhula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ngokushesha sebevele bafinyelela kuma-cm 60. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, i-Efa iyabanakekela, ibafundise ukuzingela nokubondla. Ngendlela, ezimweni ezingavamile, izinyoka zingakha uhlobo lwemindeni, bese kuthi owesilisa nowesifazane banakekele inzalo ize ifinyelele ebusheni.
Yize i-efa futhi ibhekisa ku-viviparous, kepha hhayi izilwane ezincelisayo. Ngalesi sizathu, inyoka ayizondli izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ngobisi. Kusukela ekuqaleni, baqala ukudla ukudla okufana nokwabantu abadala. Ngalokhu, umama ubanikeza izinambuzane ezincane. Ngokushesha kakhulu ngokwabo baqala ukuzingela ngenkuthalo futhi bathole inyamazane encane bebodwa.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Noma ngabe izindlala ezinobuthi zisuswa ekuthunjweni, izinyoka ezisanda kuzalwa zizohlala ziyingozi noma kanjani, ngoba zizoba nalezi zindlala.
Izitha zemvelo ze-epha
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani inyoka ye-efa
Ngenxa yokusebenzisa izinto ngokweqile, i-efa inezitha ezimbalwa kakhulu emvelweni. Abaningi basabiza isitha esiyinhloko ngokuthi umuntu ofuna ukuqothula abantu abangaba yingozi kuye. Kepha empeleni, ezimweni zemvelo, i-efu nayo ibhekana nezingozi. Ikakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi izibankwa futhi ezinamandla, izinyoka ezinkudlwana (ngokwesibonelo, izimfezi) zingahlasela i-eff.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Kunezimo ezingavamile zezimfene ezidlayo.
Ezikhathini ezijwayelekile, kulula kakhulu ukuthi inyoka ivele ibaleke noma inikeze isitha iseluleko esifanelekile. Kepha ngesikhathi lapho ukwehla okukhulu kwamazinga okushisa kuphawulwa, ama-Ephs aba yindlala futhi angasakwazi ukuphendula ngokufanelekile kulaka. Ngalesi sikhathi, izikhova zingaba yingozi kubo, futhi esimweni sokuwela nezibisi, nazo. Izinyoni ziteleka ngokushaya ngemilomo yazo ekhanda noma endaweni yesibindi. Ngasikhathi sinye, abakaze bayikhothe ngokuphelele inyoka. Kukhona nezimo ezaziwayo lapho izinyoni zimane zilume umsila wenyoka.
Ezinyokeni ezibuthakathaka noma ezisencane kakhulu, iminyovu nezintuthwane kuyingozi kakhulu. Bangakwazi ukuhlasela inyoka, balume ngesikhumba futhi balimaze amanxeba amancane, kodwa abucayi. Lapho inyoka ibuthakathaka kakhulu, zihlasela ngobuningi bazo, okokuqala kungena emlonyeni nasemehlweni esirhubuluzi. Ekugcineni, izintuthwane ziyakwazi ukuhlafuna inyoka kuze kusele uhlaka lwamathambo olulodwa kuphela lwayo. Ngokwemvelo, i-mole vole nayo ingadala ingozi enkulu. Imvamisa ivala umgodi lapho kunenyoka khona. Ngenxa yalokho, isihuquzeli simane siminyaniswe.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Uma kwenzeka ingozi isondela ku-efe, ingacasha esihlabathini ngokushesha okungathi iyacwila kuyo.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi muva nje, bavame ukukhetha ukugcina i-eff ekuthunjweni, njengoba ngaphambili beyiphuce ubuthi bayo obubulalayo. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, amakati ajwayelekile ayingozi kulolu hlobo lwenyoka. Bangayishaya kalula inyoka ekhanda ngesidladla ngamandla, bese beyiluma entanyeni.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Inyoka enobuthi efa
I-Efa ingeyesigaba sezinyoka, ngaso sonke isikhathi ezaziqothulwe ngokukhethekile. Isizathu ukuthi siyingozi kubantu. Ngasikhathi sinye, okwamanje, cishe zonke izinhlobo zezinyoka eziyingozi zingaphansi kokuvikelwa nguhulumeni.
I-Efa ingeyesigaba sezinyoka, ezinikezwe ngokusemthethweni isimo "sezinhlobo ezincipha ngokushesha." Kepha namuhla, ngaphandle kwanoma yikuphi ukuvinjelwa ekubulaweni kwezinyoka, inani labantu liyaqhubeka nokwehla. Manje inani elikhulu lama-ef liyabonakala eSaudi Arabia. Lapha inani labo alinciphi kangako.
Cishe yonke indawo, noma yibaphi abamele umndeni wezinyoka bangaphansi kokuvikelwa ngomqondo wokuthi akuvunyelwe nakancane ukubulala lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo. Kodwa lokhu akuvimbeli ukuqothulwa kwezinyoka, futhi hhayi nje njengokuzivikela. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi isikhumba sezinyoka sithandwa kakhulu njengezinto zokukhiqiza izikhwama, izicathulo nezinye izesekeli. Njengoba i-efa ibhekwa ngokufanele njengenye yezinyoka ezinhle kakhulu, bayayiqeda, kufaka phakathi nenhloso efanayo. Inani elincane lezinyoka liyabanjwa ukuze lihlale ezindaweni zomndeni nasemasekisini.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuthambekela kokukhula kwezinhlobo kusekuhle impela. Isizathu ukufudumala. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushisa emhlabeni liyakhuphuka. Ngokumelene nalesi sizinda, inani lezilwane ezihuquzelayo zazo zonke izinhlobo liyanda. Ngakho-ke, ngakho-ke, akufanele ukhathazeke ngokunyamalala okuphelele kwabantu kanjalo.
Yize inyoka efa ngokufanelekile ingenye yezinyoka eziyishumi ezinobuthi kakhulu emhlabeni, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukulondoloza lolu hlobo. Ufanelwe ukunakwa okungenani izizathu ezimbili: ubuhle obukhethekile nempilo ehlukile. Muva nje, i-f-fs ibilokhu ihlasela abantu kancane kancane, incamela ukuhlala kude nezindlu.Kodwa-ke, lapho uhlangana nenyoka enjalo, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu, ngoba cishe akunakwenzeka ukusinda ngemuva kokulunywa kwayo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 11/10/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 11.11.2019 ngo-11: 56
