I-Astronotus ekhethiwe isatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke njengenhlanzi yase-aquarium, kepha futhi banabantu abahlala endaweni yabo yemvelo - eNingizimu Melika. Le nhlanzi inkulu ngamazinga ezinhlanzi zase-aquarium futhi inokubukeka okungajwayelekile, kepha isimo sayo sengqondo siyinkimbinkimbi, futhi udinga ukuba nolwazi lokugcina izinhlanzi ezilula ze-aquarium ukuze uthole lesi silwane.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: I-Astronotus Ocellated
I-astronotus ekhonjiwe ichazwe nguJean-Louis Agassiz ngo-1831, yabizwa nge-Astronotus ocellatus ngesiLatini. Enye yezinhlobo zohlobo lwe-Astronotus lomndeni wakwaCichlov (nazo zingama-cichlids). Ukutholwa kokuqala kwezinhlanzi kuhlala kusuka kulo mndeni kusukela esikhathini se-Eocene futhi cishe kuneminyaka eyi-45 yezigidi ubudala. Kepha bahlala kumazwekazi ahlukahlukene: kuwo womabili amazwe aseMelika, e-Afrika, e-Asia, futhi lokhu ngaphambili kwaphakamisa ososayensi ngombuzo obalulekile: lezi zinhlanzi ezihlala emanzini amasha zikwazi kanjani ukunqoba ibanga eliphakathi kwazo? Kwaphela isikhathi eside bengakwazi ukuthola umkhondo.
Ividiyo: Ocellular Astronotus
Abanye baze basikisela ukuthi empeleni ama-cichlids aqhamuke ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kepha-ke, abukho ubufakazi balokhu obutholakele, futhi ukwahlukaniswa kwamazwekazi kwenzeka kudala kakhulu (eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-135 edlule) isikhathi esinqabile kangaka ukuthi kungabi bufakazi bokuba khona kwama-cichlids. Enye inketho - ukuthi zavela kokhokho abavamile esevele ngokwehlukana, futhi kwakudingeka zilahlwe, ngoba ngemuva kocwaningo lofuzo kwatholakala ukuthi, ngakho konke ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo, ukwehlukana kwazo akuzange kwenzeke ngaphambi kweminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-65 edlule.
Ngenxa yalokhu, inguqulo eyaphakanyiswa ngama-paleoanthologists aseBrithani ukuthi ama-cichlids ngokwawo abhukuda enqamula olwandle futhi ahlala emazwenikazi aba namandla. Ngokusizakala kwakhe kufakazelwa iqiniso lokuthi ezinye zezinhlobo zesimanje ziyakwazi ukuhlala emanzini anosawoti - kungenzeka ukuthi ama-cichlids asendulo amelana namanzi anosawoti.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Indlela i-ocular astronotus ebukeka ngayo
Ngokwemvelo, lezi zinhlanzi zikhula zifike ku-30-35 cm, ku-aquarium azifinyeleli kumingcele enjalo, kepha futhi ingaba nkulu impela - amasentimitha angama-20-25. Isimo somzimba se-ocular astronotus asijwayelekile, kubonakala sengathi sikhuluphele. Amaphiko aso makhulu, kanjalo nenhloko, okugqame kuwo amehlo, futhi sikhulu impela ngosayizi. Amathoni amathathu ahlanganiswe ngombala wezinhlanzi: ingemuva lingavela kokumpunga okumnyama noma nsundu nokumnyama; ithoni yesibili isuka kokuphuzi kuye kobomvu-orange, icishe ibe bomvu; owesithathu umpunga okhanyayo, okungenani. Inhlanganisela yabo idala imibala eyingqayizivele yale nhlanzi, futhi amabala, imivimbo nemicu isakazekile emzimbeni wayo wonke, obukeka umuhle kakhulu.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-astronotus ngayinye enezikhala inebala kusuka ophuzi kuye kobomvu ngaphansi komphetho we-caudal, ohlanganiswe nomnyama - kubukeka njengeso, ngenxa yale nhlanzi yaba negama layo. Kwabesilisa, umbala uvame ukugqama futhi uqine kakhulu kunabesifazane. Kodwa lo mehluko awubonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi, uma kungenjalo umehluko phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane nawo mncane, ngaphandle kokuthi umzimba wesilisa ubanzi kancane, yena uqobo mkhulu futhi amehlo atholakala kude kakhulu. Kepha imvamisa umuntu angaqagela ukuthi iyini le nhlanzi ngokobulili, kuze kufike isikhathi sokuzala, lapho owesifazane ezoba ne-ovipositor.
Ngaphezu kwefomu eliyisisekelo, elihambelana ngombala nalowo ohlala emvelweni, ama-albino avame ukutholakala phakathi kwezinkanyezi zezinkanyezi ezine-aquarium: umbala wazo wangemuva umhlophe, ingxenye yomzimba namaphiko adwetshiwe kuwo, kanti owesibili ubomvu.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Izazi zezinkanyezi ezincane azibukeki njengabantu abadala - zimnyama futhi zimhlophe, izinkanyezi zisakazeke emzimbeni wazo.
Ihlala kuphi i-astronotus ekhonjiwe?
Isithombe: I-Astronotus enamehlo enhlanzi
Ngokwemvelo, abamele lezi zinhlobo bangatholakala eNingizimu Melika, ububanzi babo bubanzi futhi buhlanganisa:
- EVenezuela;
- EGuiana;
- IBrazil;
- I-Paraguay;
- I-Uruguay;
- I-Argentina.
Ngakho-ke, ububanzi bale nhlanzi buhlanganisa uhhafu wezwekazi, noma ngisho nangaphezulu. Uzizwa kahle kakhulu emigodini yemifula efana ne-Orinoco, i-Amazonka, iRio Negro neParana. Izinhlanzi zizizwa zizinhle hhayi kuphela ezindaweni zazo zomdabu, zijwayela kalula. Ngakho-ke, yalethwa e-United States, e-Australia naseChina, futhi kuwo wonke la mazwe yande ngempumelelo futhi yathuthuka emvelweni wemvelo, ezinye izinhlobo zasendaweni zezinhlanzi ezincane ziyahlupheka ngakho. Iphinde izale kahle ekuthunjweni, ngenxa yalokho ama-Astronotus agcinwa ezindaweni zasemanzini emhlabeni wonke.
Ngokwemvelo, kuvame ukutholakala emifuleni, kodwa futhi kutholakala nasemachibini nasemifudlaneni egelezayo. Ukhetha izindawo ezinendawo engezansi enesihlabathi noma enodaka. Uthanda amanzi amnyama: eNingizimu Melika, ezindaweni zabo zokuhlala, ihlanzekile futhi ithambile, inombala omnyama ngombala, futhi uma ubukwa ngaphezulu kubonakala sengathi umnyama.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Umsebenzi wezinkanyezi ungamangala - ungazami kanzima futhi wakhe umklamo wangaphakathi oyingqayizivele we-aquarium lapho le nhlanzi izohlala khona, ngoba nakanjani izophendukisa yonke into ibheke phansi. Indawo ebukekayo, uma ikhethiwe, inkulu, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuyihambisa.
Izitshalo nazo zizoba nesikhathi esinzima: Izazi zezinkanyezi zizozidla ziqede futhi zisike, noma zize zizimbe, ukuze zingaphili isikhathi eside. Kuyafaneleka ukuthatha imishini eqinile bese uzama ukuyifihla.
Ngabe i-ocular astronotus idlani?
Isithombe: I-Black Ocellated Astronotus
Lapho zigcinwa emanzini, zinikezwa ukudla bukhoma, ngokwesibonelo:
- izintethe;
- izibungu;
- onoshobishobi;
- izibungu zikajekamanzi.
Yize bedla ezinye izilwane ezincane, abazinikeza izinhlanzi zasemanzini, akulula ukondla izinkanyezi ngazo ngenxa yobukhulu bazo nokudla kwazo, futhi imvamisa awukwazi ngisho nokugcina izinkumbi eziningi kangaka. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kokudla okuphilayo, banikezwa nokudla okomile, imvamisa kungo-granules. Ukudla kusetshenziselwa okukhethekile, kuhloselwe ama-cichlids amakhulu. Kepha akufanele weqe ngayo, ngenxa yawo amanzi angcola ngokushesha futhi amabhaktheriya aqala ukwanda kuwo.
Ngenjabulo, badla izinhlanzi zasolwandle eziphelele noma imicu emincane yezinhlanzi, inyama yezimfanzi kanye nezimbaza, namanye ama-molluscs ngendlela eqoshiwe. Yinyama yezilwane zasolwandle ebaluleke kakhulu, lapho-ke futhi unganikeza inhliziyo yenkomo nesibindi - into esemqoka ukuthi ungakwenzi lokhu kaningi. Ukuze kube lula, ungasonta okubhalwe ku-grinder yenyama bese uxuba.
Inyama egayiwe eholelekile izodinga kuphela ukuba iqandiswe ngezigaxa, bese iyancibilika njengoba kudingeka futhi inikezwe i-astronotus. Kepha kungcono ukungazondli ngezinhlanzi zemifula, ngoba ingozi yokuthi bangatheleleka ngenyama yayo iphezulu kakhulu. Izazi zezinkanyezi uqobo lwazo kwesinye isikhathi zingondliwa ngamaqabunga ezitshalo ezikhula e-aquarium, kepha akha ingxenye encane yokudla kwazo. Ungabanika ukudla kwezitshalo: i-zucchini, ukhukhamba, isipinashi, uphizi, ulethisi.
Lapho zondla, zithatha ukudla ngokushesha, zingathatha ukudla ngqo ezandleni zazo, bese ziphikelela ngokukhombisa ukuthi zifuna okwengeziwe. Kepha akufanele ziholwe yibo, udinga ukuzikhawulela engxenyeni enconyelwe izinhlanzi zalolu sayizi.
Bayashesha ukujwayela ukondla ngokweqile futhi bangasebenzi kangako. Udinga ukondla izinhlanzi ezincane kabili ngosuku, kanye nabantu abadala kanye ngosuku noma kanye kanye ezinsukwini ezimbili. Ngokudla kwansuku zonke ngesonto, okungenani usuku olulodwa kufanele lweqiwe ukuze uhlelo lokugaya izinhlanzi luthululwe (kuphela kubantu abadala).
Manje uyazi ukuthi ungondla kanjani i-ocular astronotus. Ake sibone ukuthi ungazala kanjani kahle izinhlanzi ezingavamile.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-Ocellated Astronotus ekhaya
Lapho ugcina izinkanyezi e-aquarium, ubunzima obukhulu buhlotshaniswa nosayizi wabo omkhulu. Ngakho-ke, qiniseka ukuthi une-aquarium enkulu: ivolumu ephansi ngamalitha ayi-100, lokhu kwanele izinhlanzi ezimbili kuphela. Futhi kuyinto efiselekayo ukuba ne-aquarium yevolumu enkulu kakhulu, ngamalitha angama-300-500, khona-ke kuzokwazi ukwethula ezinye izinhlanzi kuwo.
Ama-Astronotus amancane angabonakala njengokuthula, kepha kubalulekile ukuthi ungakhohliswa yilokhu! Zikhula ngokushesha futhi ziphenduke izidlozi zangempela, ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuthi uzixazulule ndawonye nezinye izinhlanzi emanzini amancane, ngoba kungekudala kuzoqala impi yangempela. Uma ugcina izinkanyezi nezinye izinhlanzi, khona-ke kufanele zinikezwe isikhala - akufanele zimpintshane, kungenjalo zizoqala ukulwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, omakhelwane kumele babe banele ngokwanele: izazi zezinkanyezi zizojaha ngokungenazwelo izinhlanzi ezincane kakhulu kunazo ngosayizi futhi zingaholela ekucindezelekeni.
Abantu abancane kakhulu bayadliwa. Amanye ama-cichlids, ama-arowans, i-chain mail catfish nezinhlanzi ezifanayo zifanelekile njengomakhelwane - ezinkulu futhi zinokuthula impela. Badinga ukuhanjiswa bangene besebancane kakhulu, uma bezithola sebehlangene sebekhulile, bazoba nethuba elincane kakhulu lokuzwana. Baziphatha ngendlela ehlukile kubantu: abanye baze bavume ukuthintwa, kanti abanye bayaluma, kuyilapho kubuhlungu impela - bashiya imihuzuko kubo. Izazi zezinkanyezi akusizo ezamahloni futhi imvamisa azifihli kubantu. Ababungazi bangabona futhi baphendule izwi labo, bazivumele ukuthi baphulwe.
I-Astronotus idinga amatshe amnyama noma amnyama esihlabathini e-aquarium, kubalulekile ukuthi kunamatshe amakhulu kuwo. Ayadingeka ngoba lezi zinhlanzi zithanda ukumba phansi futhi zingakwenza lokhu amahora amaningi, zivusa njalo okuthile lapho. Kepha udinga ukucosha amatshe ukuze angabi namakhona abukhali, ngaphandle kwalokho izinhlanzi zingalimala. Futhi badinga izitshalo ezintantayo nezinamakhasi aqinile, ngaphandle kwazo izinhlanzi zizozizwa zingakhululekile e-aquarium. Ngezansi, kufanelekile ukwakha izindlu zokukhosela ezimbalwa ngamatshe amatshe kanye namagatsha ukuze izinhlanzi zikwazi ukucasha kuzo uma zithanda, ngakho-ke azothola ukucindezeleka okuncane.
Kuyafaneleka futhi ukucabangela ukuthi awawathandi amanzi afudumele ngokweqile, okwenza kube nzima ukuwagcina ehlangene nezinye izinhlobo. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi izinga layo lokushisa lingu-22-24 ° C. Izinguquko ezijwayelekile zamanzi, ukuhlunga kanye nomoya kuyadingeka. Lezi zinhlanzi zihlala ezimweni ezihle kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10, kwesinye isikhathi isikhathi eside.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Ukwenza umbala we-Astronotus ucebe, kanye ngesonto noma amabili kufanele ukwengeza upelepele omncane wensimbi ekudleni kwabo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-Astronotus enamehlo enhlanzi
Njengoba kungelula ukuhlukanisa abesilisa nabesifazane, uma uhlela ukufuya ama-Astronotus, khona-ke imvamisa izinhlanzi ezi-5-6 ziyathengwa ngasikhathi sinye. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, wona ngokwawo azophuka ngazimbili. Bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi beneminyaka engu-2, ngemuva kwalokho baqala ukuzala ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesikhathi sokuzala, inhlanzi ithola umbala obanzi kakhulu: umzimba wayo uba bomvu-mnyama. Uma kungekho zinhlanzi zolunye uhlobo e-aquarium, awudingi nokuzifaka ezindaweni zokuzalela, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzodingeka ukuze ungabeki amaqanda engozini.
Kwesinye isikhathi owesilisa uba nolaka kakhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho kuyadingeka ukuyihlukanisa nowesifazane isikhashana, bese ulinda ize yehle. Njengoba sezihlangene, izinhlanzi zilungiselela indawo yokubeka, zisula ingxenye engezansi, futhi zingamba ngisho nengilazi. Umthamo webhokisi lokuzala kufanele ube ngamalitha ayi-150, kubekwe amatshe ayisicaba phansi kwawo, futhi izinga lokushisa lamanzi kufanele liphakanyiswe kancane uma kuqhathaniswa nokujwayelekile, ngama-3-4 degrees. Kubalulekile ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuzala, izinhlanzi ziphumule, futhi akukho lutho olwesabekayo olwenzeka eduze kwabo: inhlanzi ethukile ingadla amaqanda.
Izinsikazi ezincane zizalela amaqanda angamakhulu amaningana cishe emahoreni ama-5, imvamisa angekho ngaphezu kwama-500-600. Abantu abadala abasondela kubukhulu babo obukhulu bangabeka ama-clutch amaqanda ayi-1 000 kuye ku-1,800. I-Caviar ivuthwa masinyane, kuyithatha izinsuku ezi-3-7 ngayo, ngemuva kwalokho kuvele izibungu. Ngosuku lokuqala, azikwazi ukubhukuda futhi zimane zihlala ezindongeni ze-aquarium noma otshanini. Baqala ukubhukuda ezinsukwini ezingama-5-10 ngemuva kokuvela.
Ekuqaleni banikezwa i-daphnia, brine shrimp nezinye izidlo zezilwane ezincane. Isonto ngemuva kokuqala kokudla, ungangeza ishubhu eqoshiwe ekudleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, gazinga likhotha izimfihlo ezivela esikhunjeni sabazali, ezikhiqizwa kuphela ngalesi sikhathi ngokukhethekile ngokudla kwazo. Zikhula ngokushesha ukuze lokhu kukhula kunganciphisi, kufanele zihlaliswe kabusha njalo, zihlelwe ngosayizi - ngasikhathi sinye lokhu kuzonciphisa inani lezingxabano phakathi kwezinhlanzi. Ngenkathi inhlanzi ikhula ngenkuthalo, amanzi kufanele abe lukhuni kancane kuyo: uma ithambe kakhulu, imihlathi ingahle ingakhuli kahle.
Izitha Zemvelo Zama-Astronotus Ocellated
Isithombe: Indlela i-ocular astronotus ebukeka ngayo
Ezizingelayo, zizingelwa izinhlanzi nezinyoni ezinkudlwana. Izazi zezinkanyezi azisheshi kakhulu ngakho-ke iningi lalezi zilwane ziba yizisulu ezilula - kunzima kakhulu ukubalekela. Ngakho-ke, iningi lalezi zinhlanzi lifela emilonyeni yezilwane ezinkulu ezidla emanzini.
Inani elincanyana, kepha futhi okuningi, liba yisisulu sezinyoni, noma kungavamile ukuthi ziphazanyiswe yizinhlanzi ezinquma ukudoba ngasogwini. Abantu bezinkanyezi ze-ocular abanandaba kangako: abavamile ukubanjelwa ukuzalanisa, ngoba kukhona okwanele ekuthunjweni, ukuze bahlangane kuphela ngendlela yokubamba.
Lezi zinhlanzi zingaba nobutha phakathi kwazo, futhi zibe nolaka olukhulu. Ngokuvamile, ngesikhathi sokulwa, bavikela ilungelo labo lokuya endaweni. Lezi zinhlanzi zingaxhunyaniswa ngokungeza omunye umuntu ohlala e-aquarium, olingana ngosayizi noma ophakeme kunabo: lapho-ke izinkanyezi ziba nokuthula okuningi.
Le nhlanzi inokuzivikela okuhle, ngakho-ke kuyaqabukela ukuthi itheleleke. Izifo zingadalwa izifo noma izimuncagazi. Ukugwema lezi zinhlekelele, udinga nje ukunakekela kahle izinhlanzi futhi ungazondli ngokudla okuyingozi.
Masinyane ngemuva kokuthenga, zidinga ukugcinwa ngokuhlukaniswa kwabantu futhi ziqashwe. Izazi zezinkanyezi zigula kaningi ngenxa yokuqukethwe okungalungile. Isibonelo, uma inhlanzi ingenawo amavithamini noma ibhukuda emanzini amile, ingahle ibe ne-hexamitosis.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: I-Astronotus Ocellated
I-Ocellated Astronotus iphakathi kwezinhlobo ezisengozini kakhulu. Inani labo lemvelo likhulu impela, kanjalo nendawo yokusabalalisa. Azikho izitayela eziphazamisayo: cishe kuyo yonke imifula lapho lezi zinhlanzi bezihlala khona ngokomlando, ziyaqhubeka nokuphila, ukuminyana kuhlala kuphezulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwama-ocular astronotus eNingizimu Melika isikhule ngisho kancane, futhi manje iyatholakala kuleyo mifula lapho ibingatholakali khona phambilini, ngoba yalethwa lapho ngabantu. Ukujwayela eningizimu ye-United States, lapho ukudoba kwezemidlalo kuvamile kubo, nakwezinye izindawo.
Umonakalo ovela emisebenzini yabantu kulezi zinhlanzi awubonakali: ukungcoliswa kwemifula eNingizimu Melika akutholanga isikali esinjalo esingabasongela kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngoba bahlala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingenabantu abaningi. Inani eliphelele lama-astronotus alizange libalwe, kepha kusobala ukuthi kunenqwaba yazo. Zivame kakhulu emigodini ye-Orinoco neRio Negro: emifuleni emincane egelezela kuyo, kunama-astronotus amaningi e-ocular, lezi zilwane ezincane ziyisiphepho sangempela sezinhlanzi ezincane lapho.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Izazi zezinkanyezi zinakekela inzalo yazo, ndawonye. Ngaso sonke isikhathi bahlala eduze kwe-clutch futhi bayayithanda ngamaphiko ukuze amaqanda akhule kangcono, futhi amaqanda onakalisiwe abekwe eceleni, ngemuva kokuzalwa kwezibungu, ahlala nazo okokuqala futhi aqhubeke nokuvikela - ngokwemvelo lokhu kusiza ukuvikela izibungu ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
I-Astronotus ekhethiwe - hhayi inhlanzi elula kakhulu ye-aquarium okufanele uyigcine, futhi kufanele ucabange kabili ngaphambi kokuyithenga. Kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi, lezi zilwane ezifuywayo zizokhula zibe zinkulu futhi zizojabula ngokuziphatha kwazo okusebenzayo e-aquarium, kanye neqiniso lokuthi ziyakwazi ukubona umnikazi wazo futhi zivumele nokuthi ziphululwe, okuyi-atypical yezinhlanzi.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 11.10.2019
Usuku lokubuyekeza: 08/29/2019 ngo-23: 16
