Schur - inyoni encane emangalisayo, egqoke imvunulo ekhanyayo ewumbala. I-Shchur iyisibonakaliso semikhuhlane yasebusika kanye nokugodola, ubonakala ngobukhulu bezwe lethu lapho izihlahla zikhumula ingubo yasekwindla, kanti amakhaza okuqala akha ama-ice crusts amancane emadamini. Ake sihlaziye ngokuningiliziwe indlela yokuphila kwenyoni, sibonakalise ukubukeka kwayo, sifunde umlingiswa nemikhuba, sichaze okuthandwa ukunambitheka, izindawo zokuhlala unomphela futhi sithole imvelaphi yegama lenyoni. Mhlawumbe lenyoni yaqanjwa igama ngenxa yokuthi inekhono lokuthimula?
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Schur
I-Schur noma i-schur ejwayelekile - enezimpiko, eyomndeni we-finch, i-oda labadlulayo nohlobo lwe-Schur. Izinkunzi ezibomvu nezijwayelekile zibhekwa njengeziseduze kakhulu nohlobo lwe-Shchura. I-Shchurov ihlukaniswa nobhontshisi ngomlomo omkhulu.
Ngenxa yokuthi uqhwaku lwalo mlomo lufushane, lugobile futhi lubukeka njengehhuku, lezi zinyoni zaqanjwa ngegama elithi "amapholi aseFinland." Babizwa nangokuthi "amaqhude aseFinland" ngenxa yengubo yabo ebomvu ebovu. Futhi le nyoni yathola igama elithi "schur" ngenxa yobubanzi bayo bezwi, ukubabaza kwale nyoni kuyefana nomsindo "schu-uuu-ur".
Ividiyo: Schur
Kuhlobo lwe-Shchur, kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukanisiwe: iSchur ezejwayelekile neShur rhododendra. UKarl Linnaeus wayengowokuqala ukuchaza ipiki ejwayelekile ngo-1758. Le nyoni sizoyichaza ngokuningiliziwe ngemuva kwesikhashana. URhododendra beetle wachazwa okokuqala yisazi semvelo saseNgilandi uBrian Hodgson ngo-1836.
Ngokombala, zombili izinhlobo zeSchur ziyefana ngokuphelele, kepha i-rhododendra ingaphansi ngosayizi ojwayelekile, ubude bomzimba wayo abudluli amasentimitha angama-20.Lesi Schur sihlala eChina, Nepal, Tibet, Bhutan, Burma. Le nyoni ithanda ukuhlala emaphethelweni amahlathi, igxumagxume emithini yomjunipha kanye neRhododendra, yingakho inegama elinjalo.
ISchur ejwayelekile inomzimba owakheke kahle futhi ominyene; ihlukaniswa nezihlobo zayo eziseduze ngomlomo obanzi futhi oboshwe futhi nomsila omude kakhulu uma uqhathaniswa nomzimba wonke. Ubude bomzimba wezimpaphe bufinyelela ku-26 cm, kanti isisindo siyahluka kusuka ku-50 kuye ku-65 gram. Ifana nosayizi wenkanyezi ngosayizi, futhi ngombala ifana nenkunzi yenkomo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani uShurhur
Umehluko wobulili kuma-shchurs awugcini nje ekuculeni ithalente, okuyinto etholakala kuphela kwabesilisa, kepha futhi ngemibala, kubaninimkhulu kuyinto ebabazekayo futhi enomsoco, ngoba badinga ukuheha nenhle ukuze bajabulise abalingani babo abanezimpaphe.
Ekhanda nasesifubeni sesilisa, umthungo obomvu klebhu wezimpaphe ubonakala kahle. Endaweni engemuva kuvela namathoni abomvu klebhu, kanti amaphiko nomsila kudwetshwe ngokunsundu ngokunsundu, isisu sinombala ompunga. Womabili amaphiko nomsila kufakwe imigqa evundlile emnyama nemhlophe.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izinsizwa ezisencane ziyehluka ngombala kwezikhulile. Esifundeni sekhanda, emuva nasesifubeni, imibala yabo yezimpaphe isukela kokubomvu okusawolintshi kuya kophuzi oluhlaza okotshani.
Ingubo yowesifazane ayikhanyi kangako futhi imibalabala, ubukeka enesizotha kakhulu, kepha ehle futhi ekhangayo. Lapho ama-cavaliers enamathoni abomvu klebhu, izinyoni zezinsikazi zilawulwa yimibala ephuzi nsundu noma ephuzi ngokuluhlaza okotshani. Ngokuvamile, ngokumelene nesizinda sasebusika, izimbobo zezinyosi zibukeka zikhanga kakhulu futhi zinamanzi, njengamaqabunga aqhakazile emagatsheni ambozwe iqhwa.
Sithole ubukhulu bepiki, kepha uma siyiqhathanisa ngosayizi nezihlobo eziseduze kakhulu, khona-ke leyo enezimpiko idlula izintaka, izinkunzi zezinkunzi nama-greenfinches kuzo. Amaphiko amaphiko we-pike avela ku-35 kuya ku-38 cm, futhi ubude bomsila bucishe bube ngu-9 cm.
Umbala we-horny omnyama uyabonakala endaweni yomlomo, kuthi uqhwaku olungezansi lukhanye. Izitho zezinyoni zinohlelo lombala onsundu onsundu, futhi iris yamehlo ansundu. ISchur inezimpaphe eziwugqinsi, ijwayele kahle isimo sezulu esibandayo.
Uhlala kuphi uSchur?
Isithombe: Schur eRussia
USchur ungumhlali onamaphiko wamahlathi. Ihlala kuwo womabili amahlathi e-coniferous futhi axubekile aseYurophu nasezwenikazi laseNyakatho Melika. Inani elincane labantu lakhetha izidleke zawo zamahlathi, ama-Asia, amahlathi. AmaSchur nawo ahlala ezinkabeni zezintaba zaseSiberia.
Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi izinyoni zaqanjwa ngokuthi "ama-parrot aseFinland", ngoba bakhetha ukuhlala eFinland. Ezindaweni zezwe lethu, izimbobo ze-pike zivela ekwindla sekwephuzile (ngoNovemba), lapho amaqhwa okuqala eqala ukubamba futhi amagatsha ezihlahla ezinqabileyo evezwe ngokuphelele. Ngokumelene nesizinda esingesihle kangako, izinyoni zibukeka zinhle kakhulu futhi ziyabonakala.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukuthola inzalo, iSchur yakha izidleke zayo kuphela emahlathini e-coniferous.
Bazama ukugwema izindawo eziminyene, kepha noma kunjalo, kwesinye isikhathi bangatholakala endaweni epaki yamadolobha, ezingadini, ezindaweni zomuntu siqu; ukuze baphile impilo enenjabulo nenethezekile, izinyoni zidinga umthombo wamanzi eduze nendawo ezithunyelwa kuyo unomphela. Emhlabathini, izimbotshana zepike azivamile ukunyakaza, zibheka ukuvikeleka emiqhele yezihlahla ezide, lapho kutholakala khona izingosi zezinyoni.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ama-Shchurs athanda nje ukubhukuda echibini, ngisho nasebusika babheka izidumbu zamanzi ezingamboziwe ngabantu. Nezinyoni ezigcinwe ekuthunjweni, zihlela izindawo ezikhethekile zokuthatha izinqubo zamanzi.
Njengoba sekushiwo, i-rhododendra schur iyathanda ukuhlala emaphethelweni, lapho kunezihlahlana eziningi zomjunipha kanye ne-rhododendron.
Wahlala:
- IBurma;
- China;
- ENepal;
- UButane;
- I-Tibet.
Manje uyazi ukuthi uShurhur uhlala kuphi. Ake sibone ukuthi inyoni idlani.
Udlani uShurhur?
Isithombe: Bird Schur
Imenyu ye-pike ihluke kakhulu, ungabona kokubili abantu bezitshalo nokudla okuvela ezilwaneni kuyo. Kubantu abavuthiwe, ukudla kudla imifino kuphela, futhi izilwane ezisencane zidinga amaprotheni amaningi ukuze zikhule, ngakho-ke izinambuzane zidla kakhulu kwimenyu yazo.
Ama-Schurs awaphikisi ukuba nesidlwana:
- imbewu yezihlahla ze-coniferous and deciduous;
- amahlumela amasha namaqabunga;
- efihlekile;
- amajikijolo ahlukene;
- amantongomane;
- izihlahla ezifihlekile;
- amabhungane;
- izibungu zezinambuzane;
- izimvemvane zisesimweni sokumiswa kwezithombe.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayoUkuphathwa okuthandwa kakhulu yi-Shchur ngama-ash ash kanye nomjunipha amajikijolo, kanye namantongomane ephayini.
I-Shchura ingabizwa ngokuthi umsizi wehlathi, ngoba ngoqhwaku lwayo oluxhunyiwe, emifantwini yegxolo, likhipha izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene eziyingozi - amabhungane, izibungu nezibungu zazo. Njengoba isabelo sezinkukhu sakhiwe kakhulu yimbewu, kanye nodoti weSchur, isabalalisa izinsalela zembewu engadliwe kwezinye izindawo, lapho kuqala khona amahlumela amasha.
I-Shchurov egcinwe ezimweni zokufakelwa kufanele ifunzwe ngamantongomane ahlukahlukene:
- amantongomane;
- amakinati;
- uphayini nama-walnuts;
- hazel.
Ekudleni kwezinkukhu, ngaphezu kokuhlanganiswa kwezinhlamvu, amahlumela ezihlahla ze-coniferous ne-decidous, amajikijolo ahlukahlukene, izithelo, imifino kumele kube khona. Izinyoni zondliwa nge-cottage shizi, amaqanda abilisiwe nenyama, futhi kunezelwa izithako ezahlukahlukene eziqinisiwe ekudleni. Ukuze izimpaphe zale nyoni zigcine ukugqama kwayo, okuphakelayo kufanele kucebe nge-carotene.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Bird Schur
USchur ungumhlali wendabuko wezifunda ezisenyakatho kakhulu, akesabi isimo sezulu esibandayo futhi ukulungele ukuthatha izinqubo zamanzi ngisho nangesikhathi seqhwa. Lezi zinyoni ziyafuduka, zihlala phansi futhi ziyahamba. Konke kuncike kwisimo sezulu sendawo ethile nokunikezwa kokudla. Emakhazeni amakhulu, izimbotshana zepiki zindiza ziye ezindaweni eziningi eziseningizimu, kepha azihambi kude kakhulu nezindawo ezinabantu.
Ezindlini zabantu, awuvamile ukumbona uSchur, uthanda izikhala ezizimele nezisendle. Kepha, lapho ehlangane nendoda, uSchur akazizwa ekhathazekile kakhulu futhi uphatha ngokuzethemba okweqile, emvumela ukuba asondele ngokwanele ukuze umuntu akwazi ukucabanga ngobuhle bakhe futhi ezwe ukucula okunomsindo. AmaRulads aculwa ngabesilisa kuphela abakulungele ukwenza noma yini ukuheha umlingani.
Lapho indiza, iSchur inobungcweti futhi inobuhlakani, ihamba kalula phakathi kwamagatsha aminyene, yenza imidwebo ye-acrobatic. Ngokushesha nje lapho inyoni ihlala phansi, iba nzima, ibe mbumbulu, ilahlekelwe ukuzethemba nomusa. Ngenxa yalokhu, uSchur kuyaqabukela ehlala phansi, ngoba ephezulu emagatsheni uzizwa egagasi lakhe futhi ephephile, encamela ukuhlala kuma-conifers amade.
Ukucula kwamaSchurs kushuba ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi somshado, kepha abesilisa abahlukani nengoma unyaka wonke. Isisusa sezinyoni sifaka impempe emnandi kanye nokukhala okunomsindo, kubonakala kuyinto edabukisayo nenganciphisi, kepha lokhu kubonakala kuphela, ngesikhathi sokusebenza abanumzane bayasebenza futhi bazama ngazo zonke izindlela ukukhombisa ohlangothini lwabo oluhle kakhulu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Schur ebusika
Isikhathi sezinyoni zomshado samabhungane siqala ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Kuyaqabukela kakhulu ukuthi kugcinwe ngesikhathi sikaMashi, kepha lokhu kwenzeka lapho intwasahlobo ifudumele ngokungajwayelekile. USchur umgibeli wamahhashi unobuqhawe obukhulu, uziphatha njengomnumzane, uhlala eseduze nalowo okhethiweyo, endiza emjikelezweni wakhe futhi ehlabelela izingoma zakhe zomculo, ezifana nomsindo womtshingo.
Ngemuva kokwenza ucansi, owesifazane uqhubeka ngokuzimela ukuhlomisa isidleke sakhe, umnumzane akabambiqhaza ekwakhiweni, kepha leli akulona iphutha lakhe, umama onezimpaphe wesikhathi esizayo uyamenqabela ukwenza lokhu. Indawo yokwakha isidleke yakhiwa ekuqaleni kwesizini yasehlobo, iphezulu kakhulu, insikazi iyibeka kude nesiqu ukuze iphephe. Isakhiwo ngokwaso sikhulu impela futhi sinesimo sesitsha, esakhiwe ngamahlumela amancane, izindwani ezahlukahlukene zotshani. Ngaphansi kwesidleke kunombhede wezimpaphe ezithambile owenziwe ngoboya, ubulembu, isikhunta sesitshalo, izimpaphe.
I-pike clutch iqukethe amaqanda amancane amathathu kuya kwayisithupha, igobolondo lawo linombala ompunga ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onemichilo emnyama. Isikhathi sokufukamela sithatha cishe amasonto amabili. Umuntu onezimpaphe zowesifazane kuphela uqandusela amaqanda, futhi ubaba ozayo unikeza umlingani wakhe ukudla, ngoba owesifazane cishe akashiyi indawo yokwakha isidleke. Ngemuva kokuthi izingane zichanyuselwe, owesilisa uyaqhubeka nokondla ezinye zezinsikazi nezinsana, ezisesidlekeni esithokomele ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Amachwane asanda kuzalwa agqokiswe imfucumfucu empunga, anesifiso esimangalisayo, akhala kakhulu futhi adinga izithasiselo. Ukudla kwabo kugcwele zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane, ngenxa yalokho izingane ezinamaphiko zikhula ngokushesha. Lapho benamasonto amathathu, sebevele benza izindiza zabo zokuqala, kuthi lapho benenyanga eyodwa nohhafu ubudala, amaphuphu athole ukuzimela okuphelele, ashiye indawo yawo yokwakha izidleke eyofuna impilo engcono. Isikhathi sokuphila samabhungane ahlala endaweni yawo yemvelo sisukela eminyakeni eyi-10 kuye kwayi-12.
Izitha zemvelo zepike
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani uShurhur
ISchur incane ngosayizi futhi inombala onamanzi, ngakho-ke, iyabonakala kusuka kude kuya ezilwaneni ezahlukahlukene ezingakuthandi ukudla lezi zinyoni. Imvamisa u-shchurov usindiswa iqiniso lokuthi bakhetha ukuhlala phezulu kakhulu emqhele womuthi, akusizona zonke izilwane ezingafika lapho. Izinyoni ezihlakaniphile zihlela izidleke zazo kude neziqu ukuze kube nzima ukuzithola. Izitha ze-scythe endle zifaka izikhova, ama-martens namakati adlayo.
Vele, izilwane ezincane ezingenamava namachwane amancane kakhulu zisengozini kakhulu futhi zihlaselwa kalula yizilwane ezizingelayo. Kepha owesifazane cishe akazishiyi izingane ezisanda kuzalwa, wonke umndeni uqala wondliwe ngubaba onakekela izimpaphe, ngakho-ke izingane zihlala zivikelekile komama, okusindisa izimpilo zazo.
Abantu abalimaza izinyoni ngezenzo zabo zokuxhamazela ezibhekiswe kuphela ngenxa yomuntu nabo bangabalwa phakathi kwezitha zama-Shchurs. Ngokuphazamisa ama-biotopes emvelo, ukukhipha imizimba yamanzi, ukwakha imigwaqo namadolobha, ukugawula amahlathi, ukungcolisa imvelo nxazonke, abantu benza impilo yezinyoni ibe nzima, ethinta kabi inani labo labantu.
Ungakhohlwa ngokukhohliseka kwalezi zinyoni ezinhle, ezingadlala ihlaya elibi nazo. Eminye imigodi yama-pike igxuma ngempumelelo ekuthunjweni, ize ithole inzalo, iba nokuthamba ngokuphelele futhi ibe nobungane, kanti abanye bafa emakhejini, ngoba abakwazi ukwamukela ukulahleka kwenkululeko yezinyoni nokuzimela.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Bird Schur
Ama-Schurs yizinyoni, ikakhulukazi ezisenyakatho, ezihlala ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile. Lokhu akusho ukuthi ungahlangana nepiki yonke indawo, njengondlunkulu, akusakazeki kangako futhi uzama ukuziqhelelanisa nezindawo zokuhlala abantu. Ukucabanga ngama-shchurs kuyivelakancane kuphela ngenxa yokuthi izinyoni zihlala kulezo zindawo lapho unyawo lomuntu lunganyatheli kaningi, futhi cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi izinyoni ziphakeme kakhulu emqhele womuthi.
Kuyakhuthaza ukuthi i-schur ayikho ohlwini lwe-IUCN Red Lists, ukuqothulwa kwale nyoni enhle ngokumangalisayo akusongelwa, izinyathelo ezikhethekile zokuzivikela azithathwa maqondana nabantu baseSchur. Ensimini yezwe lethu, i-schur nayo ayisiyo inhlobo yeRed Book, okuyizindaba ezinhle. Ku-International Red Data Book, i-schur ibalwa phakathi kwezinhlobo zezinto ezibangela ukukhathazeka okuncane.
Vele, umsebenzi osheshayo womnotho womuntu, ohlotshaniswa nokugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukubekwa kwemigwaqo emikhulu, ukwakhiwa kwezindawo zokuhlala kwabantu kanye nokonakala kwemvelo jikelele, kuthinta kabi impilo yabamele abaningi bezilwane, kufaka phakathi ama-shchur, kepha kuze kube manje lezi zinyoni ezikhanyayo azikathathi zinyathelo ezikhethekile zokuzivikela. isidingo. Kusathenjwa ukuthi lesi simo maqondana nenani lalezi zinyoni sizoqhubeka ngokuzayo.
Ekugcineni ngithanda ukungeza lokho schur ekugqokeni kwayo okukhanyayo nenhle kukufanele ukubabazeka. Awukwazi ukuphuma ubuke isithombe salo muntu onezimpaphe ehleli ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu noma emagatsheni asentabeni. Ama-Schurs, njengamahlumela amibalabala, aqhakaza ezihlahleni ngenkathi ebandayo, ehlobisa indawo ebusika ye-monochrome. Ukuma ngaphandle ngemuva kweqhwa elimhlophe, i-pike-perch, ukufanisa intandokazi yakho yomlotha wezintaba, zibukeka zithandeka, zihle futhi zimbi, zikukhokhisa ngokuhle futhi zivusa imimoya yakho.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 09/06/2019
Usuku lokubuyekeza: 08/24/2019 ngo-0: 07
