Incazelo nezici zepanda elibomvu
Ipanda elibomvu Ingabe isilwane esingezilwane ezincelisayo ezivela emndenini wepanda. Leli gama livela esiLatini esithi "Ailurus fulgens", okusho ukuthi "ikati lomlilo", "ikati-ibhere". Kukhona amanothi ngalesi silwane esimangalisayo eChina esukela ngekhulu le-13, kepha abaseYurophu bafunda ngaso kuphela ngekhulu le-19.
Ipanda elibomvu laziwa emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yomsebenzi wezazi zemvelo uThomas Hardwick noFrederic Cuvier. Laba bantu ababili baba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni isayensi futhi bavula omunye wemilenze emincane kunawo wonke emhlabeni wonke.
Ipanda elibomvu livame ukuqhathaniswa nekati, kodwa lezi zilwane zifana kakhulu. Yize lolu hlobo lwepanda lubhekwa njengoluncane, lukhulu ngosayizi kunekati elijwayelekile elifuywayo. Ubude bomzimba cishe bungamasentimitha angama-50-60, kanti umsila uvame ukuba ngamasentimitha angama-50. Isisindo sowesilisa singama-3.8-6.2 kilograms, kanti isisindo sabesifazane cishe siyi-4.2-6 kilograms.
Umzimba uvulekile, uhlangene. Zinomsila omkhulu opholile, odlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yalesi silwane. Ikhanda le-panda ebomvu libanzi, linomlomo omfushane, onwetshiwe futhi obukhali, izindlebe zincane futhi ziyindilinga.
Ama-paw mancane ngosayizi, kepha, anamandla amakhulu futhi aqinile, anezinzipho ezihlehlekayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isilwane sikhuphuka kalula ezihlahleni futhi sibambelela emagatsheni, futhi futhi sehlela phansi kalula, ngokuqapha nangomusa okhethekile.
Umbala wepanda elibomvu awujwayelekile futhi muhle kakhulu. Uboya besilwane bunemibala engalingani, ngivame ukubunciphisa bube mnyama noma bube nsundu, futhi ngaphezulu bube bomvu noma bube-hazel.
Ngemuva, izinwele zinamathiphu aphuzi kunalawo abomvu. Imilenze imnyama bhuqe, kodwa ikhanda lilula, kanti amathiphu ezindlebe amhlophe qhwa, njengokufana nokudweba imaski ebusweni.
Kuyamangaza ukuthi iphethini ebusweni be-panda ebomvu ihlukile futhi ikhethekile esilwaneni ngasinye, emvelweni ayikho imibala emibili efanayo. Umsila nawo unombala ongalingani ngokungalingani, umbala oyinhloko ubomvu, futhi amasongo amancane abonakala kuwo, ama-shades ambalwa alula.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi iqiniso lokuthi i-panda ebomvu ifakiwe kwi-International Red Book njengezilwane ezisengozini enkulu. Lesi sigaba sezilwane sihlukaniswe njengengozi, ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, kunabantu abavela ku-2 500 kuya ku-10,000 abantu abasele emhlabeni.
Endaweni yayo engokwemvelo, azikho neze izitha zepanda elibomvu, kepha ukugawulwa kwamahlathi nokuzingela ngokungemthetho kwabulala bonke abantu. Uboya bazo obuhle ngendlela eyingqayizivele benza lezi zilwane zibe yimpahla ebalulekile emakethe, ngakho-ke kukhona isihluku ukuzingela ama-panda abomvu, lapho kufa khona inani elikhulu labantu abadala namazinyane.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Kuboniswe ipanda elibomvu ibukeka inomusa futhi inothando, emvelweni empeleni kufanele ikulwele ukuba khona kwayo, kepha ngokuvamile, inokuthula futhi inobungane.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi ipanda kulula ukuthanjiswa, kepha zigxila kalula ekuthunjweni, endaweni yokufakelwa. IPanda ibhalwe kuRed Book, ngakho manje ochwepheshe benza konke okusemandleni ukuze la "mabhere" amahle anganyamalali nakancane.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, impilo yepanda ebomvu ihlala isongelwa, ngakho-ke, ukuze kusindiswe izimpilo zabo nokuzalwa kwabantu abasha, bakha konke panda zokukhosela.
Manje kunobufakazi bokuthi cishe izilwane ezingama-350 zihlala ema-zoo angama-85 emhlabeni jikelele, lapho zinikezwa khona izimo zokuphila ezidingekayo nokudla. Kunezikhathi lapho ama-panda abomvu ajabula ngokuzalwa kwenzalo yawo, noma ekuthunjweni.
Endaweni yazo engokwemvelo, ama-panda ikakhulukazi asebusuku. Ngesikhathi sasemini, zikhetha ukuphumula, zilale emgodini, kuyilapho zigobe zibe yibhola futhi njalo zimboza ikhanda ngomsila wazo. Uma isilwane sizwa ingozi, sikhuphukela phezulu esihlahleni, futhi, sisebenzisa umbala waso, sizifihle lapho.
Izihlahla ziyindawo enethezekile kuzo kunezingaphezulu zomhlaba, lapho ama-pandas abomvu ezizwa engakhululekile futhi ahamba ngokungahambi kahle nangokuhamba kancane. Kepha noma kunjalo kufanele behlele emhlabeni beyofuna ukudla. AmaPandas anolimi lwawo, olufana nekhwela lenyoni noma i-chirp. Izilwane zenza imisindo emifushane ethule ezisiza ukuthi zikhulumisane.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha nokulindelwa kwempilo kwepanda elibomvu
Isikhathi sokuzalela kwepanda elibomvu singoJanuwari. Ukukhulelwa nokukhula kombungu kulesi silwane kwenzeka ngendlela ekhethekile. AmaPandas anesifo okuthiwa yi-diapause, esingaba sesikhathi esihlukile, okungukuthi, lesi yisikhathi phakathi kokukhulelwa nokukhula kwengane emzimbeni kamama. Ukukhula kombungu uqobo kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-50, kepha ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwengane, kucatshangelwa ukwehlukahlukana, kungathatha izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-120.
Isiginali yokuthi kuzalwa iwundlu kungekudala yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi "isidleke" esakhiwa ngumama we-panda emgodini wesihlahla kusuka emagatsheni nasehlamvu. Kule ndawo eyimfihlo, kuvela izingane ezincane, ezisisindo sazo singama-gramu ayi-100, kuyilapho zingaboni futhi zithulu.
Kuthathwe i-panda ebomvu enengane
Umbala wosana olusanda kuzalwa uhluka kusuka ku-beige kuye kwempunga, kepha hhayi obomvu bomlilo. Njengomthetho, insikazi izala amawundlu angu-1-2, kepha kwenzeka ukuthi amane ngasikhathi sinye, kepha, kuvame ukusinda eyodwa yazo.
Izingane zikhula kancane futhi ngasikhathi sinye zidinga ukunakekelwa. Ngosuku lwe-18 kuphela bavula amehlo abo, bese kuthi lapho sebenezinyanga ezintathu baqale ukudla ukudla okuqinile.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ngokokuqala ngqa, bashiya "isidleke" sabo somdabu ukuze bathole amakhono wokuthola ukudla bebodwa. Cishe ezinyangeni ezintathu, umbala wejazi nawo uyashintsha, nsuku zonke ithole liya ngokuya lifana kakhulu nabazali balo.
Lapho izingane ziqina futhi zithole umbala ogcwele wombala womuntu omdala, zona, kanye nonina, ziyashiya indawo ethokomele lapho bezihlala khona ziqale ukuzulazula, zihlole indawo.
Eminyakeni eyi-1.5, ama-pandas amancane afinyelela ekuvuthweni kwezocansi, kepha ama-pandas aneminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala athathwa njengabantu abadala. Ipanda elibomvu lingaletha inzalo kanye kuphela ngonyaka, ngakho-ke inani lazo alikwazi ukwanda ngokushesha, kuzothatha amashumi eminyaka.
Ngokwemvelo, ama-pandas abomvu aphila cishe iminyaka eyi-10. Kunezikhathi lapho ama-pandas ephila iminyaka eyi-15, kepha lokhu kunalokho okuhlukile. Ekuthunjweni, endaweni yokuhlala eyenziwe ngabo, ama-pandas abomvu aphila isikhathi eside, cishe iminyaka eyi-12. Kwakunecala lapho ipanda laphila cishe iminyaka eyi-19.
Ukudla
Yize ngihlukanisa ama-panda abomvu njengezilwane ezidla inyama, cishe konke ukudla kunguhlaza. AmaPandas athathwa njengomuntu odla inyama ngenxa yesakhiwo esikhethekile sohlelo lwawo lokugaya ukudla, hhayi ngenxa yokudla akuthandayo.
Amahlumela amasha oqalo, amajikijolo, amakhowe, nezithelo ezahlukahlukene kubhekwa njengokwelashwa okukhethekile kwepanda elibomvu. Amagundane amancane namaqanda ezinyoni athatha u-5% wokudla okudliwayo.
Njengoba izilwane zidla kakhulu ukudla okunama-kilojoule amancane, zidinga ukumunca cishe ama-2 kilograms okudla ngosuku ukuze zinikeze umzimba wazo amandla adingekayo.
Uma ipanda elincane londla ngokukhethekile ngoqalo olusencane, khona-ke lidinga ukudla ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu ama-4 ngosuku. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uzodinga amahora angama-14-16. Ngakho-ke, ipanda lihlafuna ukuphatha kwalo usuku lonke.
Kuma-zoo ngondla ama-pandas ngamabele okusanhlamvu (ikakhulukazi ilayisi) ukukhulisa okuqukethwe kwekhalori kokudla okudliwayo. Ngokuvamile, ukudla kwepanda elibomvu kukhethekile, ngakho-ke kulabo abathanda ukuba nezilwane ezifana nezilwane ezifuywayo, kuzoba yinkinga kakhulu ukuhlinzeka ngokudla okunomsoco.
Uma ukudla kungalingani, i-panda ebomvu iqala ukuhlupheka ngezifo ezahlukahlukene zohlelo lokugaya ukudla, futhi lokhu kungaholela ekufeni kwesilwane.
