Scolopendra yisinambuzane esidlayo esihamba ngokushesha. Kusakazeke kuyo yonke iplanethi, futhi izindawo ezihlala kuzo eziyizintandokazi ziyindawo emanzi futhi epholile. Ubusuku yisikhathi sasemini esihle kuye. Ukushesha nokushesha kusiza i-centipede ukuzitholela ukudla, okudingayo njalo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Scolopendra
I-Scolopendra yisinambuzane esivela kuhlobo lwe-tracheal arthropods. Kukhona inani elikhulu lezinhlobo ze-scolopendra, futhi ezinye izinhlobo azikaze zifundwe kuze kube namuhla. I-centipede ingahlala kokubili endle, emahlathini nasemihumeni, nasekhaya. Izakhamizi zale ndlu zibizwa nangokuthi ababambe izimpukane. Akulimazi abanikazi bendlu, kepha kusiza ukuqeda ezinye izinambuzane ezicasulayo.
Ividiyo: Scolopendra
I-centipede ingenye yezinambuzane ezindala kakhulu emhlabeni. Lesi sinambuzane siguquke ngendlela esesinayo manje, eminyakeni eminingi edlule. Ososayensi bathole ifossilised specimen eyenzeka eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-428 edlule. Ngokuhlaziywa kwamangqamuzana, ososayensi bathole ukuthi ukwehlukaniswa kwamaqembu amakhulu ama-centipedes kwenzeka esikhathini seCambrian. Ngokocwaningo lwakamuva ngo-2005, uP. Newmani waba yisilwane esidala kunazo zonke ezitholakele.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinambuzane, i-scolopendra inesibindi eside, abanye abantu baphila kuze kube yiminyaka engu-7. Yize, ngokwesilinganiso, umuntu uphila iminyaka emibili. Ukukhula kwesinambuzane kuyaqhubeka kukho konke ukuphila kwaso, yize kwabanye abantu, ukukhula kuphelela esigabeni sokuthomba. Okuhlukile kakhulu kwe-scolopendra ukuvuselelwa kwezitho. Izidladla ezilahlekile zikhula ngemuva kokuncibilika, kepha zingahluka ngosayizi, izitho ezintsha zifushane kunezangaphambili futhi zibuthakathaka.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Sibukeka kanjani isikhulu
I-Scolopendra inomzimba othambile, ingxenye esemqoka ye-exoskeleton yi-chitin. Ngakho-ke, njengamanye ama-invertebrates, iyancibilika, ichithe igobolondo layo njengoba ikhula. Ngakho-ke, umuntu omusha ushintsha "izingubo" kanye ezinyangeni ezimbili, umuntu omdala - kabili ngonyaka.
Ama-Centipedes ahluka ngosayizi. Imvamisa, ubude bomzimba bungu-6 cm, kepha kunezinhlobo ezinobude bazo obungu-30 cm. Umzimba we-scolopendra uhlukaniswe waba yinhloko nesiqu futhi unezingxenye ezingaba ngu-20 (kusuka ku-21 kuye ku-23). Izingxenye ezimbili zokuqala zidwetshiwe ngombala ohlukile kumbala oyinhloko we-scolopendra, futhi awunawo. Ukuphela kwezitho kungameva. Kukhona indlala enobuthi elangeni.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Uma i-centipede igijima emzimbeni womuntu, izoshiya umzila oshelelayo novuthayo.
Ikhanda le-centipede lihlanganiswe yipuleti elilodwa, lapho kukhona khona amehlo, izimpondo ezimbili nemihlathi enobuthi, ngosizo lwawo oluhlasela inyamazane. Kuzo zonke ezinye izingxenye zomzimba kukhona izicathulo zomzimba. I-scolopendra isebenzisa imilenze emibili yokugcina ukuzala nokuzingela inyamazane enkulu. Zisebenza njengehange lakhe.
Umbala we-centipede uhlukile: kusuka kuma-shades ahlukene ansundu kuya kokuhlaza. Kukhona nezinhlobo ezibubende neziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umbala wesinambuzane awuxhomekile ohlotsheni. I-Scolopendra ishintsha imibala kuye ngeminyaka nesimo sezulu lapho ihlala khona.
Uhlala kuphi i-scolopendra?
Isithombe: iCrimea skolopendra
I-Scolopendra itholakala kuzo zonke izifunda zezulu. Kodwa-ke, inani labo labantu landa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zezulu ezifudumele: amahlathi ashisayo aseCentral naseNingizimu Melika, engxenyeni ye-equatorial yase-Afrika, eningizimu yeYurophu nase-Asia. Ama-centipedes amakhulu ahlala kuphela ezindaweni ezishisayo, indawo abayithandayo yiSeychelles. Ama-Centipedes ahlala emahlathini, eziqongweni zezintaba, endaweni yezingwadule ezomile ezomile, emihumeni enamadwala. Abantu abahlala ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile abakhuli babe bakhulu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngeke ukwazi ukuhlangabezana ne-scolopendra enkulu ezifundeni zethu, ngoba abamele abancane kuphela bale nhlobo yama-arthropods bahlala lapha.
I-Scolopendra ithanda impilo yasebusuku, ngoba ukukhanya okukhanyayo akuyona ukuthanda kwabo. Abakwazi ukumelana nokushisa, noma imvula akuyona injabulo yabo. Uma kungenzeka, bakhetha amakhaya abantu njengezindawo zokuhlala. Lapha, kuvame ukutholakala egumbini elingaphansi elimanzi.
Endle, ama-centipedes ahlala ezindaweni ezimanzi, ezimnyama, imvamisa emthunzini ngaphansi kwamahlamvu. Iziqu zemithi ezibolayo, udoti wamaqabunga awile, amagxolo ezihlahla ezindala, imifantu emadwaleni, imihume yizindawo ezinhle zokuba khona kwe-scolopendra. Ngenkathi ebandayo, ama-centipedes abalekela ezindaweni ezifudumele.
Manje uyazi lapho i-centipede itholakala khona. Ake sibone ukuthi lesi sinambuzane sidlani.
Idla ngani i-scolopendra?
Isithombe: Isinambuzane se-Scolopendra
I-centipede ngokwemvelo inezinto zokwakheka ezibhekana nazo ngempumelelo nokubamba inyamazane:
- umhlathi;
- umphimbo obanzi;
- izindlala ezinobuthi;
- imilenze eqinile.
I-centipede yisilwane esidla ezinye. Lapho ihlasela inyamazane, isikhulu siqala ngokunyakazisa isisulu, bese sisidla kancane. Amathuba empango yokuphunyuka ku-centipede aphansi kakhulu, ngoba ayihambi nje ngokushesha okukhulu kuphela, futhi yenza nokugxuma okuhlaselayo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-Scolopendra ingahamba ngesivinini esifinyelela ku-40 cm ngomzuzwana.
Izinzuzo ze-scolopendra lapho uzingela inyamazane:
- unamakhono amahle wokugijima mpo;
- isinambuzane sikhonze kakhulu futhi siyashesha;
- unempendulo esheshayo kunoma yikuphi ukudlidliza emoyeni;
- umuntu angabamba izisulu eziningana ngasikhathi sinye.
I-Domestic scolopendra - abadobi bezindiza, badle noma yiziphi izinambuzane: amaphela, izimpukane, omiyane, izintuthwane, izimbungulu. Ngakho-ke, i-flycatcher izuzisa indlu ehlala kuyo.
Ama-centipedes asehlathini akhetha izidalwa eziphilayo ezihlala ngaphansi komhlaba: izikelemu zomhlaba, izibungu, amabhungane. Uma sekumnyama iphenti liphuma lapho licashe khona, lingazingela izintethe, amacimbi, amakhilikithi, iminyovu nezintuthwane. I-Scolopendra iyingozi kakhulu, idinga ukuzingela njalo. Uba nolaka kakhulu lapho elambile. Iphenti elikhulu liphinde lihlasele amagundane amancane: izinyoka, izibankwa, amaphuphu namalulwane.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Scolopendra endaweni yaseKrasnodar
IScolopendra yisinambuzane esidlayo esinobuthi esiyisitha esiyingozi ezinambuzaneni eziningi nasezilwaneni ezincane. Ukuluma isisulu sayo, i-centipede kuyikhubaza ngoshevu bese kuyidla kancane. Njengoba i-centipede isebenza ebusuku, kukhiqiza kakhulu ukuzingela ngalesi sikhathi sosuku. Emini, u-centipede uqobo uyazifihla ezitheni, ukuze angabi isidlo sakusihlwa sabanye, yize emini naye engenandaba nokudla.
Ama-Centipedes akhetha impilo engafani nabantu, ngakho-ke bahlala bodwa. I-centipede kuyaqabukela ikhombise ukuhlukumeza isihlobo sayo, kepha uma kunempi phakathi kwabantu ababili, omunye wabo uyafa. I-Scolopendra, njengomthetho, ayibonisi ubungani maqondana nezwe elizungezile. Lesi yisinambuzane esinovalo futhi esinonya, ukukhathazeka kwaso kubangelwa umbono obucayi wokukhanya nemibala yomhlaba ozungezile ngamehlo akhe.
Ngakho-ke, noma yisiphi isilwane noma isinambuzane esikhathaza i-scolopendra ngokuzenzekelayo iba yisisulu sokuhlaselwa. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukubalekela i-centipede, ngoba iyashesha kakhulu futhi iyashesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lokugaya ukudla lwe-centipede, olugaya ukudla ngokushesha okukhulu, ludinga ukugcwaliswa njalo kokuphakelwa kokudla. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-scolopendra idinga njalo ukufuna ukudla.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-centipede yaseChina igaya kancane ngaphansi kwesigamu sesidlo sasemini amahora amathathu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Isiphepho esimnyama
UScolopendra uvuthwa ngokocansi ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila. Baqala ukwanda maphakathi nentwasahlobo futhi abagcini kulo lonke ihlobo. Ngemuva kokuthi inqubo yokukhwelana isidlulile, ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, insikazi iqala ukubeka amaqanda. Indawo ekahle yokubeka amaqanda manzi futhi ifudumele. Ngokwesilinganiso, owesifazane unikeza amaqanda angama-40 kuye kwangama-120 ngebhande ngalinye, kodwa akuwona wonke asindayo. Abesifazane babheka i-clutch yabo futhi bayayinakekela, bayimboze engozini ngezidladla zabo. Ngemuva kwesikhathi sokuvuthwa, kuvela izibungu ezincane emaqandeni.
Lapho kuzalwa, ama-centipedes engane anezimbumba ezine kuphela zemilenze. Ngenqubo ngayinye ye-molting, ama-paws afakwa kwi-centipede encane. Kuze kube yiminyaka ethile, umama usondele enzalweni. Kepha ama-centipedes wezingane ajwayela ngokushesha imvelo yawo futhi aqale ukuhlala ngokuzimela. Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-invertebrate, ama-invertebrate angama-centenarians eqiniso. Isikhathi sabo sokuphila esilinganiselwe yiminyaka engu-6 - 7.
Kunezigaba ezintathu zokuthuthuka nokuvuthwa kwama-centipedes:
- umbungu. Isiteji, isikhathi saso sithatha inyanga eyodwa noma eyodwa nohhafu;
- umabhebhana. Lesi sigaba futhi sithatha inyanga eyodwa nohafu;
- osemusha. Isiteji esifinyelelwa yisisu esincane ngemuva kwesigaxa sesithathu;
- ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umbala wombala wekhanda ushintshela kokumnyama, futhi ipuleti lihlukaniswa kalula emzimbeni. Abantu abasha be-scolopendra baqala ukuhlala ngokuzimela ekupheleni kwesonto lesithathu. Umuntu omdala ngokuphelele, i-scolopendra iba kuphela ngonyaka wesibili - wesine wokuphila.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwama-centipedes nesivinini sawo kuya ngezimo zezulu, ukudla okunomsoco, umswakama kanye nokushisa. Inhlobo ngayinye ye-scolopendra inesikhathi sayo sokuphila. Ngemuva kokuba sebekhulile, abantu, ngokuya ngohlobo, bangaphila kusuka eminyakeni emibili kuya kweyisikhombisa.
Izitha zemvelo ze-scolopendra
Isithombe: Sibukeka kanjani isikhulu
Endaweni yazo yemvelo, izilwane ezizingelayo nazo zizingela ama-centipedes. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo ezidla i-centipede zincane kakhulu. Izitha zemvelo eziyingozi kakhulu ze-centipede amaxoxo, iselesele, izilwane ezincelisayo (shrew, mouse) nenyoni. Izikhova ziyathanda ukuzingela ama-centipedes. Futhi, i-scolopendra ingukudla kwamaprotheni okunomsoco.
Izilwane ezifuywayo ezinjengezinja namakati nazo zidla ababamba izimpukane. Kepha lokhu kungabeka ingozi ethile, ngoba ama-parasites avame ukuhlala ngaphakathi kwama-centipedes. Lapho isilwane sidla i-scolopendra esinegciwane, naso sivele sithathelane. I-Scolopendra iyiqatha elihlwabusayo lezinyoka namagundane.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ama-centipedes amakhulu angadla ama-centipedes amancane.
Abanye abantu kuze kube namuhla babheka i-scolopendra njengokudla okumnandi nokunempilo, ngoba umzimba wayo uqukethe amaprotheni amaningi. Kwamasiko athile, kunenkolelo yokuthi i-centipede, njengokudla, yelapha izifo eziningi ezingenakulashwa yizidakamizwa.
Imithi yendabuko ayikukhuthazi ukudla iScolopendra kubantu, ikakhulukazi okuluhlaza, ngoba iningi labantu emhlabeni litheleleke ngama-parasites. Isinambuzane esiyingozi esihlala emzimbeni we-centipede yi-rat lungworm. Lesi silokazane sibanga isifo esiyingozi esiholela hhayi kuphela ezifweni ezingelapheki ze-neuralgic, kodwa nasekufeni.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Scolopendra
Ama-Centipedes athathwa njengezihlobo eziseduze kakhulu zezinambuzane ezinegatsha elilodwa. Izazi zebhayoloji namuhla zinemibono emibili emayelana nokuma okuhleliwe kwama-centipedes. Umbono wokuqala wokuqala ngukuthi i-scolopendra, kanye nama-crustaceans, bangabeqembu lezinambuzane laseMandibulata. Abalandeli be-hypothesis yesibili bakholelwa ukuthi ama-centipedes ayiqembu lodade maqondana nezinambuzane.
Ososayensi emhlabeni wonke banezinhlobo eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-8 ze-scolopendra emhlabeni jikelele. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuphela cishe izinkulungwane ezintathu eziye zafundwa futhi zabhalwa phansi. Ngakho-ke, i-scolopendra ingaphansi kokubhekisisa izazi zezinto eziphilayo. Namuhla, inani labantu base-scolopendra ligcwale umhlaba wonke. Izinhlobo ezithile zalezi zinambuzane ziye zatholakala ngisho nase-Arctic Circle.
Kuyinkinga impela ukuqeda inani labantu be-scolopendra, ngoba baqinile impela. Ukuze ukhiphe i-flycatcher yendlu, kuzofanele wenze umzamo omkhulu. Isimo esikhulu ukuhlinzeka okusalungiswa egumbini lapho kudingeka lixoshwe khona. I-Scolopendra ayikubekezeleli okusalungiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukususa umswakama. Ama-Centipedes akufanele abe nokufinyelela emanzini, ngaphandle kwawo angeke aphile.
Ukuhlanganisa umphumela, yonke imifantu endlini kufanele imbozwe ukuze abantu abasha bangangeni ngaphakathi. Uma ama-centipedes ahlaliswe endlini, khona-ke kukhona ikona elipholile, elimnyama nelimanzi kubo. Ngasikhathi sinye, lokhu akusho ukuthi bazoqala ukuzala ngenkuthalo futhi bagcwalise ikhaya lonke.
Scolopendra isinambuzane esingemnandi futhi esiyingozi emhlabeni wangaphandle, kubandakanya nabantu. Ukulunywa kwakhe ubuthi kungaholela ekufeni. Inani le-centipede lisabalele emhlabeni wonke. Ngenxa yesimo sakhe sobudlova nobungqabavu, uzitholela kalula ukudla, ikakhulukazi ebumnyameni.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/17/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 17.08.2019 ngo-23: 52
