Smilodon ingenye yama-subspecies amakati anamazinyo a-saber ayehlala emhlabeni ngenkathi kukhona izimpisi zasendulo ezinama-thylacins. Ngeshwa, namuhla akekho noyedwa omele lolu hlobo osindile. Lezi zinhlobo zezilwane zazinokubukeka okucacile hhayi ubukhulu obukhulu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi kuwo wonke amakati anamazinyo ama-saber, kwakungu-smilodon owanikezwa umzimba onamandla kakhulu futhi onesiqu.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Smilodon
Ama-smilodon angawezingxabano, isigaba sezilwane ezincelisayo, ukuhleleka kwezilwane ezidlayo, umndeni wekati, uhlobo lweSmilodons. Abanye ososayensi babiza la makati ngokuthi ngukhokho oqondile wehlosi lesimanje. Ososayensi babheka okhokho babo njengama-megantereon. Bona, njengamaSmilodon, babengamakati anamazinyo futhi bahlala emhlabeni kusukela ekuqaleni kwePliocene kuya maphakathi nePleistocene. Okhokho bomlando bama-smilodon babesakazeke eNyakatho Melika, ezwenikazi lase-Afrika nase-Eurasia.
Ososayensi bakwazile kaningi ukuthola izinsalela zalezi zilwane kulezi zifunda. Okutholakele komlando wasendulo kufakazela ukuthi okhokho bamakati anamazinyo ahlaselwe bahlala eNyakatho Melika impela eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-4,5 edlule. Izinsalela ezahlukahlukene zemivubukulo zifakazela iqiniso lokuthi ama-megantereon nawo ayekhona emhlabeni eminyakeni eyi-3 no-2 million edlule.
Ividiyo: Smilodon
Ensimini yombuso wesimanje wase-Afrika waseKenya, izinsalela zesilwane esingaziwa zatholwa, ngazo zonke izinkomba ezifanele i-megantereon. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lokhu okutholakele kukhombisile ukuthi izinsalela ezitholakele zalesi silwane zazineminyaka engaba yizigidi eziyi-7 ubudala. Ososayensi bachaza izinhlobo eziningana zama-smilodon, ngalinye lalinezici zangaphandle ezihlukile nendawo yalo yokuhlala.
Ososayensi bakwazile ukuqoqa ulwazi oluningi mayelana nalaba bameleli bamakati anamazinyo ngesikhathi sokufunda kwe-asphalt kanye nezindawo ezinamanzi ezinamanzi eLos Angeles yanamuhla. Kwakukhona izinsalela ezinkulu lapho ezakwazi ukugcina inqwaba yezinsalela zamakati. Izazi zezilwane zihlobanisa ukuqothulwa kwalezi zinhlobo noshintsho olubukhali futhi oluqine kakhulu ezimweni zezulu.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani uSmilodon
Ukubukeka kwekati bekucacile impela. Ubude bomzimba bufinyelela kumamitha ayi-2.5-3. Abantu abakhulu bangafika kumamitha ayi-3.2 ubude. Ukuphakama komzimba lapho kubuna kumamitha ayi-1-1.2. Isisindo somuntu omdala sisuka kuma-70 kuya kuma-300 kilogram. Uma kuqhathaniswa nabamele banamuhla bomndeni we-feline, lezi zilwane bezinomzimba omkhulu futhi omkhulu, imisipha eqinile, ethuthuke kahle. Ama-smilodon ayenezici eziningi ezihlukile zangaphandle.
Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zangaphandle:
- umsila omfushane;
- ama-canine amade kakhulu futhi abukhali;
- intamo enkulu, yemisipha;
- izitho ezinamandla.
Ama-canine amade futhi abukhali kakhulu yisici esiyinhloko sezilwane, esingajwayelekile kwesinye isilwane sanamuhla. Ubude bawo kubamele abakhulu kakhulu balezi zinhlobo bungafinyelela kumasentimitha angama-25.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izimpande zala ma-canine amade futhi abukhali kakhulu zazisethwe zajula kakhulu futhi zafinyelela emzileni wogebhezi.
Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwamandla namandla abonakalayo, ayentekenteke. Ngakho-ke, ngosizo lwabo, amakati awakwazanga ukuluma emgodini wezilwane ezinkulu, noma ithambo elikhulu. I-dimorphism yezocansi yayingakhonjiswa. Abesilisa bebebakhulu ngokungabaluleki uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane. Izilwane zazinezitho ezinemilenze emifushane kodwa ezinamandla kakhulu. Iminwe yayinezinzipho ezicijile.
Umsila omfushane, ubude bawo obungadluli amasentimitha angama-25, awubavumeli ukuthi benze ama-virtuoso jump, okuyizimpawu zamakati wanamuhla. Umzimba womzingeli wawumbozwe ngezinwele ezimfishane. Ingxenye engenhla yesifuba yayimnyama, imvamisa imnyama noma isinaphi ngombala, ingxenye engezansi yayipendwe imhlophe, mpunga. Umbala ungafana, noma ube namabala amancane noma imivimbo emzimbeni.
Uhlala kuphi uSmilodon?
Isithombe: Smilodon ngokwemvelo
Izwe lomlando lamakati anamazinyo angama-saber kwakuyiNyakatho Melika. Kodwa-ke, zazisabalele hhayi kuphela ezwenikazi laseMelika. Abantu abaningi abahlala endaweni yase-Afrika nase-Eurasia bachaziwe. Izindawo ezivulekile ezinotshani obuncane zikhethwe njengendawo yokuhlala amakati. Indawo esihlala kuyo isilo yayifana namasavana anamuhla.
Imvamisa, ngaphakathi kwendawo yokuhlala yamakati anamazinyo, kwakhiwe idamu, ngenxa yokuthi izidlozi zaqeda ukoma kwazo zalinda inyamazane yazo. Izimila zabanikeza indawo yokuhlala nendawo yokuphumula. Izindawo ezivulekile kakhulu zinciphise kakhulu amathuba okuzingela okuphumelelayo. Futhi indawo emangelengele yakwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuhlangana nemvelo, futhi, ukuhlala kunganakile, ukusondela ngangokunokwenzeka kumuntu omzingelayo ngesikhathi sokuzingela.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukuze asebenzise amazinyo akhe, kwakudingeka avule umlomo ngama-degree angama-120. Abamele banamuhla bomndeni we-feline bangaziqhayisa ngokuvula ngomlomo ama-degree angama-60 kuphela.
Ezigodini zemifula, izilwane zazivame ukuphumula futhi zigeze. Kwakunabantu ababengahlala ezindaweni ezinamagquma ngisho nasezintabeni zezintaba, uma kwakukhona inani elanele lokudla kulezi zifunda. Izilwane azenzelwanga ukuthi ziphile esimweni sezulu esibandayo nesinzima. Enkambweni yokuphila nezimo zezulu eziguqukayo, indawo yokuhlala yezilwane yancipha kancane kancane yaze yafa ngokuphelele.
Manje uyazi ukuthi i-tiger smilodon yayihlala kuphi. Ake sibone ukuthi wadlani.
Yini uSmilodon ayidlayo?
Isithombe: Tiger smilodon
Ngokwemvelo, ikati elinezinyosi ezingama-saber laliyisilwane esidlayo, ngakho-ke, inyama yayisetshenziswa njengomthombo oyinhloko wokudla. Ngenxa yokuthi amazinyo amade abuthaka, ahlasela isisulu sakhe, uSmilodon wasebenzisa wona ukulimaza isisulu sakhe. Lapho ethamba amandla futhi ephelelwa amandla, engasakwazi ukulwa nokulwa, ikati limbambe ngomqala lavele lamklinya. Ukuze sibambe isisulu saso, lesi silwane siqamekele. Izidladla ezimfushane nezinamandla amakhulu zenza ukuthi kubambe kalula isilwane esincane uma kudingeka ukujaha.
Lapho isisulu sesifile, umhlaseli akazange ahlukanise isidumbu sibe yizingxenye, kepha wamane wakha inyama ezingxenyeni zomzimba ezifinyeleleka kalula nezithambile. Izisulu zekati kwakuyiziphukuphuku eziyingozi kakhulu zangaleso sikhathi.
Ubani owayehloselwe ukuzingelwa komzingeli
- inyathi;
- ama-tapir;
- Amakamela aseMelika;
- izinyamazane;
- amahhashi;
- ama-sloth.
Amakati ayevame ukuzingela izilwane ezinkulu ikakhulukazi, njengama-mammoths. Kulokhu, bahlukanisa amawundlu emhlambini bababulala. Eminye imithombo ichaza amacala okuhlaselwa kwamaSmilodon kubantu basendulo. Noma kunjalo, awekho amaqiniso afakazela lokhu. Abantu bakha imigodi yetiyela yokubamba izilwane ezahlukahlukene. Izilwane ezidlayo zazivame ukondla abantu ababanjwe yizo, nakuba zona ngokwazo zazivame ukuba izisulu zalezo zingibe.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Sabretooth Smilodon
Amakati anamazinyo amaSaber ngesikhathi sokuphila kwawo athathwa njengesinye sezilwane ezinamandla futhi ezinolaka kakhulu. Ukuzingela kwabo bekuhlala kuphumelela njalo, futhi, ngaphandle kwamazinyo abo entekenteke, bakwazile ukubhekana kalula nesisulu sabo. Ngokusho kwezazi zezilwane, kwakungavamile ukuthi uSmilodon aphile impilo eyedwa. Cishe, wayehlala ephaketheni.
Amaphakethe ayengemaningi kakhulu, ayenokufana nokuziqhenya kwamabhubesi anamuhla. Bona, njengabameleli banamuhla bamakati adlayo, babenendoda eyodwa noma ezintathu ezivelele ezihola phambili zomhlambi. Elinye iphakethe ngabesifazane kanye nezingane ezisencane. Ngabantu besifazane kuphela ababezingela futhi bathole ukudla komhlambi. Abesifazane babezingelwa ikakhulukazi ngamaqembu.
Iqembu ngalinye lamakati lalinendawo yalo yokuzala nokuzingela. Le ndawo ivikelwe ngokucophelela kwezinye izidalwa. Imvamisa, uma abamele elinye iqembu, noma umuntu onesizungu, bezulazula beya endaweni yokuhlala, kwaba nokulwa okunzima, okwaholela ekutheni imbangi ebuthakathaka ivame ukufa. Abesilisa babuye balwela ilungelo lokuba nezikhundla eziholayo kule phakethe. Abanye abantu bakwazile ukukhombisa ukuphakama, amandla kanye namandla ngokugquma okukhulu. Babevame ukuncintisana ngobude bama-canine abo. Abanye bahlehla, bezwa ukuphakama namandla esitha esinamandla.
Ngokwencazelo yososayensi, kunabantu abathile abebephila impilo yokuzimela bodwa. Abesifazane bahlala ngaphakathi komhlambi wabo impilo yabo yonke. Abesifazane ngokuhlanganyela banakekela inzalo, bondliwe, bafundiswa amakhono okuzingela. Abesilisa abazalelwa emhlambini lapho sebethomba bathola umhlambi bahamba bodwa. Imvamisa, bekanye nezinye izinsizwa, babumba amaqembu amancane.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: izingwe ezinamazinyo ezinama-saber smilodon
Ososayensi abanalo ulwazi olwanele lokuchaza ngokuningiliziwe inqubo yokuzala kabusha. Ngokusobala, abesifazane abadala abavuthiwe ngokocansi abazaleli inzalo isikhathi esingaphezu kwesisodwa ngonyaka. Isikhathi sobudlelwano bomshado besingagcini kunoma iyiphi inkathi noma isizini. Isikhathi sokuthomba saqala cishe izinyanga ezingama-24-30 ngemuva kokuzalwa. Izilwane azizange zikwazi ukuzala izilwane ezincane ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqala kokuthomba. Kwabesilisa, ukuthomba kwenzeka kamuva kakhulu kunakwabesifazane. Owesifazane oyedwa osekhulile angazala kusuka koyedwa kuya kwamathathu, kungabi njalo amawundlu amane. Ukuzalwa kwenzalo kwabonwa cishe kanye njalo eminyakeni engu-4-6.
Izilwane zazikhulelwe cishe izinyanga ezine. Ngalesi sikhathi, abanye besifazane babenakekela ingonyamakazi ekhulelwe futhi babevame ukuyiphathela ukudla. Ngesikhathi sokubeletha, umuntu wesifazane wayekhetha indawo efaneleke kakhulu, eyimfihlo futhi waya lapho ngaleso sikhathi lapho sekuyisikhathi sokubeletha. Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwamawundlu, ngokokuqala ngqá bacasha ezihlahleni eziminyene. Ngemuva kokuthola amandla athile, yena noma balethwa ngabesifazane emhlambini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, bonke abesifazane babambe iqhaza ngqo ekukhuliseni nasekunikelweni kokudla kwezingane ezisencane. Lapho ifinyelela izinyanga ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisithupha ubudala, kancane kancane yafundiswa ukuzingela. Kuze kube manje, abesifazane bondle izingane zabo ubisi lwabo. Kancane kancane, ngokungeniswa kwenyama ekudleni, amawundlu afunda ukuyithola eyedwa. Ngokuvamile amawundlu aba yizisulu zezinye izilwane, ezinolaka futhi ezinamandla, ngakho-ke iphesenti lokusinda kwenzalo yamakati anamazinyo amancane lalilincane.
Izitha zemvelo
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani uSmilodon
Endaweni yazo yemvelo, amakati anamazinyo angenazitha cishe. Ubungozi obuthile kubo bungabonakaliswa yizinhlobo ezinkulu zezinyoni, okungathi, lapho kungekho ndawo yokudla, zihlasele ikati elizingelayo. Noma kunjalo, babeqabukela bephumelela. Futhi, ikati elinezinyosi ezinesabusi kwesinye isikhathi lingaba yisisulu sebheja elikhulu. Ngaleso sikhathi, ezinye zalezi zilwane zazifinyelela usayizi wesilwane esikhulu, kwesinye isikhathi zithanda ukudla inyama. Uma ngalesi sikhathi ama-smilodon ayeseduze, angaba yisisulu sabo.
Izitha zomzingeli zingabhekwa ngokuphepha kumuntu wasendulo owayezingela izilwane esebenzisa izingibe nemigodi yetiyela. Akuzona nje izilwane ezincelisayo ezingadli kanye nezidlayo kuphela, kepha futhi nezilwane ezidla ezinye ezingavame ukuzithola zikuzo. Ososayensi bazibiza lezi zilwane ngokwazo njengezitha zamakati anamazinyo. Izilwane eziningi zafa ngenxa yokukhombisa amandla, amandla, nomzabalazo wezikhundla eziholayo, noma insimu enenzuzo.
Endaweni yazo yemvelo, izilwane zazinabantu abancintisana nabo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amabhubesi emhumeni, izimpisi ezimbi, amabhere amakhulu abhekene nobuso obufushane, kanye nezinye izidalwa ezihlala ezifundeni lapho kuhlala khona izilwane. Zonke zazigxile eNyakatho Melika. Ensimini yengxenye eseningizimu yezwekazi, kanye nase-Eurasia nase-Afrika, izilwane zazingenabo abancintisana nabo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Tiger smilodon
Namuhla, ama-smilodon abhekwa njengezilwane ezingasekho ngokuphelele. Banyamalala ebusweni bomhlaba eminyakeni eyi-10 000 eyedlule. Kunemibono eminingi kanye nezizathu eziningi zokuqothulwa nokuqothulwa ngokuphelele kohlobo lazo kuthiwa. Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko ushintsho oluphawulekayo nolubukhali kakhulu ezimweni zezulu. Izilwane zazingenaso nje isikhathi sokuzivumelanisa nezinguquko ezinje futhi azikwazanga ukuphila ezimweni ezintsha. Ngenxa yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu, ukutholakala kokudla sekunciphe kakhulu. Kwakunzima kakhulu ukuba bathole okwabo ukudla, ukuncintisana kwakhula.
Esinye isizathu sokuqothulwa kwalezi zinhlobo ukushintsha kwendawo yokuhlala, izimila, kanye nezimbali nezilwane zasendaweni ngaleso sikhathi. Ngokuhamba kwe-Ice Age, izimbali sezicishe zashintsha ngokuphelele. Lokhu kwaholela ekufeni kwenqwaba yezinhlobo zezitshalo ezidla imifino. Ngasikhathi sinye, izidumbu eziningi nazo zafa. USmilodon wayephakathi kwabo. Umsebenzi wabantu awuzange ube nomthelela enanini lezilwane ezidlayo. Abantu babezingela izilwane, kepha lokhu akuzange kulethe umonakalo omkhulu enanini labantu ababekhona ngaleso sikhathi.
Ngale ndlela, smilodon - Lesi yisilwane esidla ezinye esaphela eminyakeni eminingi edlule. Ngenxa yokutholwa kwezinsalela eziningi kanye nemishini yanamuhla yekhompyutha, imidwebo, ososayensi bayakwazi ukwenza kabusha isithombe nokubukeka kwesilwane. Ukuqothulwa kwezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane kuyisizathu sokucabanga ngesidingo sokuthatha izinyathelo ezinqala ukuvikela izinhlobo zezilwane ezingandile ezikhona njengamanje. Ngokusho kwe-International Association for the Protection of Animals, njalo emahoreni ama-2-3, izinhlobo ezimbili zezilwane zinyamalala ngokungaphenduki emhlabeni. Kufakazelwe ngokwesayensi ukuthi ama-smilodon yizilwane ezingenayo inzalo eqondile phakathi kwabamele izitshalo nezilwane ezikhona emhlabeni.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/10/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/29/2019 ngo-17: 56
