I-Hoodie - inyoni eyaziwa ngabahlali basemadolobheni nabasemakhaya. Ihlukile kumagwababa amnyama ngombala wawo, kunalokho ifana nemagpie. Njengawo wonke amagwababa, izinyoni zalolu hlobo zinobuhlakani obungajwayelekile futhi zijwayela abantu ngokushesha.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Crow Hooded
Igwababa elineHooded luhlobo oluhlukile lohlobo lwegwababa kanye nomndeni we-corvid. Kwesinye isikhathi yena, kanye negwababa elimnyama, babalwa njengama-subspecies of crow. Njengohlobo, amagwababa ahlukahlukene kakhulu futhi afaka phakathi kwezinhlobo eziyi-120 ezahlukahlukene.
Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- zonke izimpungushe ezihlala ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba;
- ama-jackdaw;
- ama-jay;
- kukshi;
- ama-rook.
Izinsalela zokuqala ezitholwe zifana nama-corvids zitholakale eMpumalanga Yurophu. Zibuyela emuva eMiocene Ephakathi - lokhu cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-17 edlule. AmaCorvids aqala ukwenziwa e-Australasia, kepha kungekudala, njengezinyoni ezihambahamba, bahlakazeka emhlabeni wonke, bazijwayeza ngempumelelo izimo ezahlukahlukene zokuphila.
Ividiyo: Igwababa Eliseduze
Ososayensi bathi ukuphikisana kwentela yezinyoni zomndeni. Imingcele phakathi kwezinhlobo ezihambisanayo ifiphele, ngakho-ke abanye ochwepheshe bathi kufanele kube nezinhlobo eziningi, ezinye zibe zincane. Okunye ukuhlukaniswa okususelwa ekuhlaziyweni kwe-DNA kufaka nezinyoni zepharadesi kanye nezibungu kuma-corvids.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngokuphikisana nenkolelo evamile, onogwaja namagwababa akuzona izinyoni ezihlobene.
UCharles Darwin, owakha izinhlobo zezinhlobo ngokwezigaba zobunhloli, wabeka ama-corvids esigabeni sezinyoni ezithuthuke kakhulu. AmaCorvids akhombisa amakhono okufunda aphezulu, ayazi ukuxhumana komphakathi emhlambini, anokuhlakanipha okuphezulu, futhi ezinye izinhlobo zingakhuluma, zilingise inkulumo yomuntu noma zilingise eminye imisindo eziyikhumbulayo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Libukeka kanjani igwababa elifakwe izigqoko
Amagwababa afakwe ama-hooded ane-dimorphism yobulili obuncane - abesilisa bakhulu kancane kunabesifazane, kepha lesi sici asibonakali ngaphandle kokucatshangelwa okuningiliziwe. Owesilisa angaba nesisindo esivela ku-465 kuye ku-740 amagremu, owesifazane - cishe ngama-gram angu-368-670. Ubude bomzimba buyafana kubo bobubili ubulili - cishe u-29-35.5 cm. Amaphiko nawo futhi awafani kuye ngobulili - 87-102 cm.
Amagwababa afakwe izigqoko anomlomo omkhulu omnyama, cishe obude obungu-31.4-33 mm. Inesimo se-tapering esihlanganisiwe futhi ikhombe kancane ekugcineni. Uqhwaku luwugqinsi, luyakwazi ukumelana nokushaywa kwezithelo ezinzima namagxolo ezihlahla. Iphuzu lalo ligobile kancane ukuze libambe amajikijolo noma amantongomane. Umsila wegwababa elifakwe izigqoko mfushane, cishe u-16 kuya ku-19 cm.Ngokubambisana namaphiko, yakha umzimba ohlanjululwe. Igwababa lingasakaza izimpaphe zalo zomsila ngesikhathi sokuhlela nokufika kwezindiza, futhi umsila nawo udlala indima ebalulekile olimini lwezandla lwalezi zinyoni.
Ngombala, izimpungushe ezimpunga zifana kakhulu nezimpisi ezivamile. Umzimba wegwababa ulimpunga noma umhlophe, kanti ikhanda, isifuba, umphetho wamaphiko nomsila umbozwe izimpaphe ezimnyama. Amehlo nawo amnyama amalahle, amancane, ahlangana ngombala nezimpaphe. Amagwababa anekhanda elincane nesisu esikhulu. Lokhu kuzenza zingabi yizinyoni ezihamba kakhulu endizeni. Kodwa banemilenze emifushane eqinile emnyama. Izinzwane zisatshalaliswa kabanzi futhi zinde, zivumela amagwababa ukuba ahambe, agijime futhi agxume emhlabathini nasemagatsheni ezihlahla. Uzwane ngalunye lunezinzipho ezinde ezimnyama ezisiza amagwababa ukubambelela ekudleni.
Ihlala kuphi igwababa elifakwe izigqoko?
Isithombe: I-Hooded Crow eRussia
Amagwababa afakwe izinyoni ayizinhlobo zezinyoni ezivame kakhulu. Bahlala eYurophu Ephakathi neseMpumalanga nakwamanye amazwe ase-Asia. Amagwababa anjalo awavamile eNtshonalanga Siberia, kepha engxenyeni esempumalanga yalezi zinyoni azikho nhlobo - amagwababa amnyama kuphela ahlala lapho.
Amagwababa afakwe izikhumba asakazekile engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia. Bahlala ngaphakathi kwemingcele yedolobha nasemahlathini. Amagwababa afakwe izigqoko ahlala cishe yonke indawo futhi ahloniphekile endaweni yokuhlala. Kuphela ama-steppes ne-tundra okugwenywayo, lapho kungekho zihlahla, ngakho-ke akukho ndawo yokwakha isidleke.
Amagwababa nawo agwema amazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, izinyoni azikwazi ukuzitholela ukudla, ngakho-ke amagwababa asempumalanga ahola indlela yokuphila yokufuduka. Kepha amagwababa afakwe izigqoko awahambi amabanga amade, kepha, lapho kufika ubusika, andiza kuphela aye ezindaweni eziningi eziseningizimu, abuyele endaweni yawo ejwayelekile entwasahlobo.
Amagwababa ahlala ezindaweni ezifudumele awahambi nhlobo. Ebusika, amagwababa afakwe izigqoko kungenzeka ukuthi ahlale emadolobheni amakhulu nasemaphandleni. Bakhetha izindawo ezingaphansi kophahla eduze kokushisa nokufudumala phakathi kwezindiza ezingandile zokudla. Izidleke zakhiwe ezindlini nasezihlahleni zombili.
Amagwababa afakwe izigqoko ahambisana kahle nezihlobo ezinosayizi abaphakathi nendawo - ama-rook nama-jackdaws. Ngokubambisana zingatholakala emapaki asedolobheni, ngaphansi kwezindlu, nasezindaweni ezicashile. Ebusika, amagwababa ejwayele ukuya emigqonyeni kadoti ukuyokondla.
Manje uyazi lapho kuhlala khona igwababa elifakwe izigqoko. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Idlani igrey?
Isithombe: Igwababa Elifakwe Inyoni
Amagwababa afakwe izigqoko angabizwa ngokuthi izinyoni ezi-omnivorous, yize isisu sawo siguqulwa kakhulu ukugaya ukudla kwezitshalo.
Ukudla kwabo kwansuku zonke kunezithako ezilandelayo:
- okusanhlamvu, amantongomane;
- izithelo nezimpande ezahlukahlukene;
- imifino, izithelo ezingadonswa ezingadini;
- amagundane amancane - amagundane, amagundane ezingane, ama-shrews. Ngokuvamile, ama-moles;
- amabhungane nezibungu, izikelemu zomhlaba;
- amaqanda ezinye izinyoni - izimpungushe ezimpunga zibhubhisa izidleke zabanye ngokuzithandela;
- izidumbu - azinqikazi ukudla izilwane ezifile noma ukudla ezinye izilwane ezidlayo;
- imfucumfucu - amagwababa afakwe izigqoko zasemadolobheni ngokuvamile ahlasela imigqomo kadoti.
Amagwababa anekhono elimangalisayo lokuzingela izinambuzane ezingaphansi komhlaba. Bathanda ikakhulukazi izibungu zebhungane likaMeyi: ukufika emasimini lapho amabhungane amaningi azalele khona, awaqali ukumba phansi, afuna ukudla. “Bezwa” ukuthi ibhungane likuphi futhi balikhipha ngobuciko emhlabathini ngoqhwaku lwabo, kwesinye isikhathi bazisiza ngezidladla eziqinile. Bangangcwaba imilomo yabo emhlabathini kuze kufike ku-10 cm.
Lapho zisendaweni kadoti, amagwababa adabula amapulasitiki avulekile futhi akhiphe ukudla abakuthandayo. Abajahi ukuyidla khona lapho, kepha bayandiza, baphethe ucezu ngomlomo noma ngezidladla ukulidla esidlekeni.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Abazingeli bakhuluma ngamacala lapho imihlambi yamagwababa empunga ehlathini iqhuba le mikhaba, iyikhotha ekhanda.
Amagwababa afakwe izikhuni kwesinye isikhathi angazingela izinyoni ezincane. Lesi simo sijwayele ukwenzeka ebusika, ngezikhathi zendlala - amagwababa ahlasela ondlunkulu, izinti kanye namajubane. Kwesinye isikhathi bangakwazi ukuhlasela izingwejeje nama-chipmunks. Amagwababa afakwe izikhukhula ahlala ezindaweni ezingasogwini angalwa nezinhlanzi ezibanjiwe ezinqeni.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Igwababa elinengubo endizeni
Amagwababa yizinyoni eziguqukayo. Ekuseni bayasakazeka befuna ukudla. Umhlambi awunayo indawo ethile, ngakho-ke, lapho ufuna ukudla, amagwababa angandiza kude kakhulu. Kodwa kusihlwa, zonke izinyoni zihlangana futhi endaweni evamile yokwakha izidleke. Izinyoni nazo zithatha amakhefu ngokuhlanganyela phakathi kokuseshwa kokudla. Ngemuva kokuthi izinyoni sezidlile, ziyabuya zihlangane zizophumula. Ziyizidalwa zomphakathi eziphila kuphela ngaphakathi kohlaka lweqembu.
Abaphenyi baqaphele ukuthi ngaphambi kokulala, izinyoni ziyahlangana, kodwa azilali, kepha kunalokho ziyaxoxa. Ososayensi bafinyelele esiphethweni sokuthi amagwababa afakwe izigqoko athambekele ekushintshaneni kwemizwa - ayaqonda ukuthi angowomhlambi futhi ayazazi njengengxenye yeqembu. Ngakho-ke, lokhu "ukuxhumana" kuyingxenye yesiko lansuku zonke.
Amagwababa afakwe izigqoko akhonjwe ukuthi akwazi ukuzwelana nokufa kwesihlobo. Uma bethola ukuthi omunye wemihlambi yabo ufile, amagwababa azungeza umzimba isikhathi eside, ehla futhi ahage. Lesi siko siyefana "nokulila" - amagwababa abona ukufa kwesihlobo, aqonde ukuphela kwempilo. Lokhu kungobunye ubufakazi bokuhlakanipha okungenakuqhathaniswa kwalezi zinyoni.
Amagwababa ahamba kancane, yize ekwazi ukugijima agxume ngokushesha. Banelukuluku futhi bayadlala, yingakho abanye abantu bevale amagwababa ekhanda njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Amagwababa athande ukuzuza ukuphakama futhi acwilize aye phansi ngejubane elikhulu. Zibuye zigingqike emagatsheni nasezintanjeni, zihlehle ngamabomu ngesilayiti, amathini nezinye izinto “ezinomsindo”.
Amagwababa akhombisa ukukhalipha ngendlela athola ngayo ukudla. Uma igwababa lingakwazi ukuqhekeza inathi, lizosebenzisa amathuluzi - amatshe amatshe amancane azozama ngawo ukuthola isithelo esimnandi. Ososayensi benza izivivinyo, lapho kwavezwa khona ukuthi amagwababa angabala. Kwakunabantu abahlanu egumbini lapho kwakuhlala khona amagwababa echobana. Baphuma abathathu noma abane, kepha amagwababa echobana akabuyelanga endlini, kwazise bekhumbula ukuthi kusenabantu lapho.
Ngokuvamile, amagwababa engathandi ukuxhumana nabantu, yize edla ngokuzithandela ezindaweni zokulahla udoti nasezindlini. Abavumeli umuntu asondele kubo, avele andize ngokushesha futhi azise izihlobo zakhe ngengozi ngomhosha omkhulu. Lezi zinyoni ziyakwazi ukukhombisa ukuhlukumeza izidalwa - amagwababa aba yingozi uma ehlaselwa yiqembu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Crow Hooded
Isikhathi sokuzalisa sisentwasahlobo. Abesilisa baqala ukuhlaba umxhwele abesifazane: bayandiza emoyeni, benze imibuthano, benze iziqubulo nokunye. Beza namatshe namaqabunga kubo njengezipho. Amagwababa afakwe ama-hoods kwesinye isikhathi akha ama-pair azinzile, kepha lokhu akuvamile. Ukuhlukahluka kofuzo kwamagwababa kuyaqinisekiswa ngenxa yokushintsha kwesizini kozakwethu.
Amagwababa afakwe izikhukhukazi ngazimbili, kepha izidleke zamabhangqa zihlala zisondelene. Owesilisa nowesifazane bakha isidleke ndawonye, basibeke ngokucophelela ngamagatsha. Ezindaweni ezingcolisiwe, amagwababa afakwe izigqoko azondli, kepha funa indawo ehlanzeke kakhudlwana. Lezi zinyoni azilokothi zithwale udoti ziye esidlekeni sazo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuzalwa kwamachwane aphilile.
Igwababa elinezindwangu libeka ekuqaleni kukaJulayi - lisuka emaqanda amabili kuya kwayisithupha aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma aluhlaza anamabala amnyama amancane. Insikazi ayiphumi iphume esidlekeni, kepha ihlanganyela ekufukameleni kuphela. Eyesilisa yona iletha ukudla kwayo ngehora futhi ichithe ubusuku esidlekeni. Ngezikhathi ezithile, insikazi iphakama ngezidladla zayo, ishaya isidleke futhi ibheke ukuthi ngabe konke kuhamba kahle yini ngamaqanda.
Amachwane avela ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu. Ngokubukeka kwazo, insikazi nayo indiza iphuma esidlekeni, manje, kanye nendoda, ifuna ukudla. Amagwababa abheka amaqanda ezinye izinyoni njengokudla okunomsoco kakhulu kwamachwane - aphanga izidleke zamajuba, ondlunkulu nezinkanyezi, azondla ezinganeni zawo. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, amagwababa aletha amaphuphu afile ezinye izinyoni kumagwababa asekhulile. Bavele bazikhiphe ezidlekeni zabo noma balinde ezindlini zezinyoni, babambe izinyoni eziphumayo ngamakhanda.
Amagwababa afakwe izikhuni agada izidleke zawo kahle. Uma bebona kusondela ingozi - izilwane noma abantu, baphakamisa ukukhala bese beqala ukuzungeza isitha. Uma ikati noma esinye isilwane esidla inyama sisondela esidlekeni esihlahleni, amagwababa ayakwazi ukusihlasela emhlambini, asilahle esihlahleni asixoshe isikhathi eside, asixoshe.
Izitha zemvelo zegwababa elifakwe izigqoko
Isithombe: Igwababa elineHooded ebusika
Ezimweni zehlathi, isitha esibi kunazo zonke zamagwababa empunga yisikhova. Lapho igwababa lilala esidlekeni, isikhova sibahlasela, sinyonyobele esinye sazo. Kodwa amagwababa akhumbula uma isikhova sifika ngesikhathi esithile, ngakho-ke zishintsha indawo yazo yokwakha isidleke.
Amagwababa anezitha eziningi ezengeziwe edolobheni. Lawa amanye amagwababa - amnyama, makhulu futhi anolaka kakhulu. Zihlasela izidleke zamagwababa afakwe izigqoko futhi ziyakwazi ukubulala izinyoni ezindala. Amagwababa afakwe izigqoko nawo ahlaselwa amakati nezinja, ezidla lezo lapho amagwababa ehlela emigqonyeni kadoti.
Amagwababa afakwe izembatho aziphindiselela kakhulu futhi ayaphindisela. Bakhumbula izilwane ezazizihlupha noma zabahlasela ngonyaka odlule. Bazohlala baxosha esidlekeni umuntu ophazamise ukuthula kwabo ngandlela thile.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Amagwababa afakwe izigqoko athambekele ekwenzeni amaphutha, ngakho-ke kwesinye isikhathi ahlasela izigqoko zoboya noma izigqoko zoboya esidlangalaleni, azenze iphutha njengezidliwayo.
Umhlambi wamagwababa usuphendulwa amandla okubalwa nawo. Ndawonye bayakwazi ukuxosha umhlaseli isikhathi eside, ngokushaya okushaya ngomlomo oqinile ekhanda nape. Amagwababa akwazi ukubamba amakati nezinja ezincane afe.
AmaKites nezinye izinyoni ezinkulu ezidla inyama akuvamile ukuthi zihlasele amagwababa, ngoba imihlambi yamagwababa iyakwazi ukuxosha ama-kite isikhathi eside, iwahlasela nhlangothi zonke futhi ibange umsindo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Zibukeka Kanjani Izimpungushe Ezisendlini
IHooded Crow yizinhlobo eziningi ezingekho engozini. Kodwa-ke, amagwababa afakwe izigqoko edolobheni anciphe kakhulu kubantu bawo.
Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu.:
- ukuwohloka kwemvelo yasemadolobheni. Izinyoni ziyenqaba ukuzala ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ezimbi, yingakho zingazali nhlobo noma zindizele ezindaweni zamahlathi, zihlale unomphela lapho;
- ukuntuleka kokudla noma ukulimala kwako. Ngokudla, amagwababa afakwe izigqoko angamunca imfucuza yezimboni eholela ekufeni kwezinyoni. Kukhona nokwehla kwezilwane nezitshalo okuyingxenye yokudla kwemvelo kwamagwababa afakwe izigqoko.
- ukubhujiswa okufakelwayo kwamagwababa ampunga. Ngeshwa, kwesinye isikhathi amagwababa afakwe izigqoko abe yisisulu sokuqothulwa komuntu. Ngenxa yokuthi zifunisisa emigqonyeni kadoti futhi zidla amagundane, amagwababa aba yiziphathimandla zezifo eziyingozi.
- ukusabalala kwezilwane ezifuywayo ezingenamakhaya. Amagwababa afakwe izigqoko abe yisisulu sokuzingelwa kwamakati nezinja zasemgwaqweni, isibalo sawo esanda emadolobheni amakhulu.
Ngaso leso sikhathi, amagwababa afakwe izigqoko abe yizinkukhu ezithandwayo. Bavunyelwe ukukhuliswa kuphela ngabalimi abanolwazi, ngoba amagwababa afakwe izigqoko yizinyoni ezinhlanhlathayo ezidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile nemfundo. Ngaphandle kwazo zonke izinto zokuqothulwa, isigqoko - inyoni ehlakaniphile ethola kalula izindlela zokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha zokuphila. Amagwababa ahlale kahle emahlathini nasemadolobheni, akhiqiza ngempumelelo inzalo futhi ahlalisane kahle nabantu.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/09/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/29/2019 ngo-12: 17
