Izinyamazane ezibomvu - enye ye-subspecies yezinyamazane ezibomvu ezihlala engxenyeni esempumalanga ye-Asia. Incazelo yesiLatini yetekisi yanikezwa isazi sezilwane saseFrance uMilne-Edwards ngo-1867 - Cervus elaphus xanthopygus.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Izinyamazane ezibomvu
Lesi silwane esincelisayo se-artiodactyl esivela emndenini wezinyamazane singaphansi kohlobo lwangempela nasezinhlotsheni zezinyamazane ezibomvu, ezimele ama-subspecies ahlukile. Izinyamazane ezibomvu zihlanganisa ama-subspecies amaningi, ahluke ngosayizi nokubukeka kwezimpondo, futhi kweminye imininingwane yombala. Okhokho babo babevamile futhi bahamba indlela yabo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Izihlobo eziseduze zezinyamazane ezibomvu: IYurophu, iCaucasus, iBukhara inyamazane, inyamazane ebomvu, bahlala ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene.
Ividiyo: Izinyamazane ezibomvu
Ukwakheka kwamafomu ahlukene ezindawo kwenzeka ngesikhathi sePleistocene glaciations nokukhuphuka ezingeni loLwandle iCaspian emngceleni weYurophu neAsia. Lezi zimo bezilokhu zenzeka izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Izinsalela zezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinyamazane ezibomvu zitholakale eYurophu, endaweni yaseRussia, e-Ukraine, eCaucasus, eMpumalanga yeSiberia futhi zingezasePleistocene zakuqala, eziphakathi nezingasekho. Inani elikhulu elichaziwe lamafomu atholakalayo linezimpande ezivamile, kepha izinga lobudlelwano phakathi kwabo alifundiswanga kangako.
Izinyamazane ezibomvu zingama-subspecies amakhulu ezinyamazane ezibomvu, kepha abantu abadala bancane kunamamishali. Zitholakala eMpumalanga yeSiberia, eMpumalanga Ekude naseNyakatho naseNyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina. Lezi zinhlayiya zivezwe kahle, kepha ezindaweni lapho izindawo ezihlalwa khona zihambisana nobubanzi bemikhumbi yase-Altai (iTransbaikalia), izinyamazane zingatholakala nezinhlamvu eziphakathi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izinyamazane ezibomvu zenza imisindo ehlukene. Lapho besaba, babukeka njenge- "gau", hhayi ngokuzwakalayo njengoba kwenza izinyamazane ze-roe. Izinsizwa nezinsikazi "zikhuluma" ngezingoma ezimnandi. Izinsikazi zingabhonya, kuthi ezeduna zibhonge kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, futhi ukubhonga kwazo kunciphe kakhulu futhi kunamandla kakhulu kunezinye izinyamazane ezibomvu.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Zibukeka kanjani izinyamazane ezibomvu
Izinhlobo ze-xanthopygus subspecies zinomfanekiso ofanayo ohlakeni kwamanye amalungu ohlobo nezinhlobo. I-Slender, evame ukwakha i-reindeer, enemilenze emide nentamo enhle, ephakeme. Umsila mfushane, izindlebe zibekiwe zibanzi ekhanda elinwetshiwe. Izinyamazane ezibomvu zinomthunzi wejazi obomvu ngokubomvu ehlobo, futhi nsundu ngombala ompunga ebusika.
Ngokungafani nezinye izinyamazana ezibomvu, zinesibuko esibanzi nesikhulu (indawo ekhanyayo ngemuva komzimba eduze komsila, emboza ingxenye engenhla yemilenze yangemuva) Inwebeka ngaphezu komsila wezinyamazane ezibomvu futhi ilula kancane kunombala omkhulu wesidumbu ehlobo, futhi ibomvu ngokubomvu ebusika. Imilenze yethoni efanayo enezinhlangothi noma emnyama kancane.
Ukuphakama kwesilwane endaweni yemilenze yangaphambilini cishe kuyimitha elilodwa nohhafu, isisindo singama-250 kg, kutholakala nezinhlobo ezinkulu ngezikhathi ezithile. Umlomo wesifinyela ophakathi kwama-canines uncane kunowemishado, futhi ikhanda lingu-390-440 mm ubude. Abesifazane bancane futhi abanazimpondo. Izimpondo zamaduna, amancane ngobude, anesiqu esincane, esiwumqansa, okwenza kubonakale kukhanya, ngokungafani nomashi. Azenzi umqhele, kepha inani lezinqubo liyi-5 noma i-6. Inqubo yesine imvamisa incane kakhulu futhi yathuthukiswa kancane.
Izinyamazane ezibomvu zinemigqa ebanzi engaba ngamasentimitha angama-60 futhi zimboza kuze kufike kumakhilomitha amahlanu ngehora. Uya lapho egijima khona lapho ethukile, kepha akalokothi anyakaze endaweni encane. Amajump angaba ngamamitha ayisithupha ubude. Le artiodactyl inamehlo amahle, kepha incike kakhulu ekuzweni nasekuzweni iphunga elihle kakhulu. Lapho isilwane sidla, sihlala sime sibhekise ikhanda laso emoyeni ukuze sikwazi ukubamba yonke imisindo nephunga.
Njengoba umthwalo osemzileni wezinyamazane ezibomvu uphakeme impela - u-400-500 g nge-cm2 ngayinye, kunzima kubo ukuhamba eqhweni elijulile (elinokumboza okungaphezulu kwamasentimitha angama-60). Ngalesi sikhathi, basebenzisa izindlela ezindala noma basuke kwenye indawo baye kwenye ngaphansi kwama-conifers aminyene.
Ihlala kuphi inyamazane ebomvu?
Isithombe: Izinyamazane ezibomvu eTransbaikalia
Lezi zilwane ezinhle, ezibabazekayo zingamapulasitiki emvelo kakhulu futhi zingaphila ezimweni ezahlukahlukene zemvelo ukusuka endaweni esezintabeni kuya olwandle, kusuka emahlathini ase-taiga nase-steppes. Bahlala ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esomile nobusika obungenalo iqhwa, njengaseTransbaikalia kuze kufike ePrimorye, lapho kunemvula eningi ehlobo naseqhweni ebusika.
Indawo yokuhlala kwesilwane engxenyeni esentshonalanga iqala eningizimu ye-Siberia eseMpumalanga, kusukela ebhange elisempumalanga ye-Yenisei futhi ifinyelela emlonyeni we-Angara, kuze kufike ogwini lweStanovoy. Esifundeni seBaikal, lesilwane sitholakala ngokungajwayelekile. Ngokuyinhloko, izindawo zayo zokuhlala zitholakala emaphethelweni e-Daursky, Yablonovy amabanga, futhi itholakala ethafeni laseVitim.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndawo izosabalala iye enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Onon Upland, ithathe osebeni loMfula iLena futhi ifinyelele ezindaweni eziphezulu ze-Ilga, Kuda, Kulinga. Ngokuqhubekela phambili ngasenyakatho, ikhuphuka ngasosebeni langakwesokudla lweLena iya esigodini saseKhanda, kufaka phakathi umsele waseKirenga, ofinyelela maphakathi nomfula. Ulkan. Ukusuka enyakatho, le ndawo inqunyelwe imithambeka esentshonalanga yommango weBaikal. Ukudlula ngaseVitim, iBaton Highlands, indawo yokuhlala iphinde iwele uMfula iLena, kepha isivele isenyakatho yoMfula iVitim. Kodwa eduze kwaseLensk, esigodini somfula, lesi silwane asitholakali.
Izinyamazane ezibomvu zitholakala eYakutia. Lapha, ububanzi bayo buwela phezu komgodi woMfula i-Olekma, indawo engenhla yomfula. I-Amga kanye nebhange langakwesobunxele lomfula. Aldan. ETransbaikalia, impilo yakhe yenzeka ezintabeni nasezinkangala. Ngasempumalanga, le ndawo isuka esizalweni se-Uda iye ezitsheni zomfula i-Amgun, iSelemzha, i-Amur, iSamarga. Empumalanga, le ndawo ihlanganisa iPrimorye, iKhabarovsk Territory kanye nesifunda i-Amur, enyakatho umngcele uchazwe yimithambeka eseningizimu yeStanovoy Range. Indawo yaseningizimu yezinyamazane ezibomvu eRussia ichazwe nguMfula i-Amba.
Izinyamazane ezibomvu zingatholakala emigodini yemifula iPartizanskaya, Okhotnichya, Milogradovka, Zerkalnaya, Dzhigitovka, Rudnaya, Margaritovka, Serebryanka, Velikaya Kema, Maksimovka river. I-ungulate itholakala egqumeni laseTumannaya, eKit, eZarya bay, e-Olympiada naseBelkin Cape, esifundeni saseTereney. Endaweni yaseChina, uhla lubamba iNyakatho yeManchuria bese lwehlela eMfuleni Ophuzi. Izinyamazane ezibomvu zingatholakala nasenyakatho Korea.
Manje uyazi lapho kutholakala khona inyamazane ebomvu. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Zidlani izinyamazane ezibomvu?
Isithombe: Izinyamazane ezibomvu esifundeni sase-Irkutsk
Ukwakheka kokudla kwenyamazane ebomvu kunezitshalo ezahlukahlukene, uhlu lwazo olufinyelela kumagama angama-70. Isabelo esikhulu sakhiwe izitshalo ezinomuthi, izihlahla nezihlahla. Lokhu kungaba: amagatsha, amagxolo, amahlumela, amaqabunga, amaqabunga, izinaliti, izithelo, nasezinsikeni zasebusika, i-Far Eastern ebusika. Isilinganiso somthamo wokuphakelwa kotshani namahlumela kuncike ekutheni ubusika buneqhwa kangakanani.
EMpumalanga yeSiberia: esifundeni saseBaikal, esifundeni saseMpumalanga Sayan, esigodini somfula iChita, izitshalo ezinamakhemikhali zibaluleke kakhulu, zidliwa ngenkathi efudumele nasemakhazeni ngendlela yezinsalela ezomile, amadlanzana. Kulezi zifunda, ubusika obuneqhwa elincane. Izimila ze-Herbaceous azibalulekile kangako kwimenyu yezinyamazane ezibomvu zaseMpumalanga Ekude.
Okusanhlamvu kudliwa kakhulu kusuka ezimileni eziyimifino, ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo, engxenyeni yokuqala yehlobo, kuze kube yilapho utshani buqina. Izinhlamvu ezisalile zifakiwe kwimenyu ebusika. Ingxenye enkulu ihlala iCompositae, njengomhlonyane, kanye nemidumba, izimbumba. Lapho kukhona isisekelo esikhulu sokudla, izitshalo zidla izingxenye ezinamanzi kakhulu, ezinomsoco ngokwengeziwe, ngasekupheleni kwehlobo - ama-inflorescence, iziqongo zamakhambi.
Ebusika, izinyamazane ezibomvu zikhetha i-basal, i-green esele, izingxenye zokukhula, okusanhlamvu okuluhlaza okobusika. Isibonelo, i-mountain fescue iyizinhlamvu ezithandwa kakhulu yindoda ebukekayo yaseSiberia, futhi zidla utshani ngenjabulo enkulu kunokudla kwamagatsha. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, ukhuhla, utshani bokulala, iwashi liya kokuphakelayo. Izinyamazane ezibomvu zidla i-aconite enobuthi ne-belladonna.
Kusuka ezihlahleni ezilukhuni, ukudla kufaka phakathi:
- i-elm;
- vusa;
- Isihlahla seBirch;
- URowan;
- inyoni cherry;
- umnyezane;
- isihlahla somhlanga;
- ijikijolo;
- i-currant;
- okusajingijolo;
- honeysuckle.
Izinyamazane ezibomvu eMpumalanga Ekude zandisa imenyu yazo nge:
- I-Amur velvet;
- iManchu Aralia;
- lespedesia;
- I-daurian rhododendron;
- imephu enentshebe;
- maple aluhlaza okotshani.
Izinyamazane ezibomvu azivamile ukudliwa izinaliti ze-larch, i-spruce, i-pine, kuphela uma kungekho okunye ukudla, futhi iphayini ingadala ukugaya nokufaka ushevu ezilwaneni ezisencane. EPrimorye, lapho ubusika bungemnene khona, ngoncibilikisi, izilwane azondli kuphela ngamagatsha namahlumela amancane, kepha nangamagxolo. Ekwindla, ukudla kufaka amajikijolo, izithelo zezihlahla zezithelo, amantongomane, ama-oki acorn. Amantongomane nama-acorn angaba ifolishi ebusika, uma ubukhulu bekhava leqhwa bungekho ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-25. Imenyu ifaka amakhowe: i-russula, amakhowe oju, amakhowe obisi, i-porcini kanye no-lichen
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Izinyamazane ezibomvu ebusika
Izinyamazane ezibomvu azithandi amapheshana amahlathi aminyene, zikhetha izindawo ezigqagqene ezinotshani obuhle obunamakhasi, izihlahla, lapho kunotshani obuningi khona: emaphethelweni nasemaphethelweni ehlathi. Izindawo zabo zokuhlala zibonakala ngezindawo zemvelo. Ehlobo noma ebusika obungenalo iqhwa, bakhetha izindawo ezivulekile kakhulu, futhi ebusika, bathuthela ezindaweni ezinotshani obuluhlaza kakhulu. Ezindaweni ezikhethwe kakhulu emahlathini asezintabeni, izinyamazane ezibomvu ziye zaqothulwa noma zaxoshwa ngabantu. Kulezi zinsuku, zivame ukutholakala emithambekeni yezintaba ezimangelengele nezimangelengele, lapho i-elk ingathandi ukuya khona.
E-Siberia, amahlumela e-spruce akhethelwa lesi silo, kepha lapho kunamadlelo amaningi khona, imililo egcwele kakhulu enenqwaba yezihlahlana kanye nomhlonyane otshisayo, utshani. Ezintabeni zeSayan, i-ungulate ithanda ingxenye emaphakathi yebhande lehlathi, kepha ehlobo ikhuphukela endaweni engaphansi komhlaba bese iya emadlelweni e-alpine. ESikhote-Alin, indawo eyintandokazi yesilwane esincelisayo yizindawo ezishisiwe ezineminyaka ephakathi nendawo ezinezimila ezijwayelekile zaseManchu nase-Okhotsk, kanye namahlathi e-oak asogwini. EMpumalanga Ekude, emahlathini e-coniferous, angatholakala kaningi. Ezintabeni, isilo sikhuphuka size sifike kumamitha ayi-1700 siye emadlelweni asezintabeni.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izinyamazane ezibomvu zibonakala ngokufuduka mpo. Ngokulindela isimo sezulu esibandayo, behla kancane kancane ngasemithambekeni yehlathi, eduze kwesisekelo sezigquma zezintaba, bangena ezigodini. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, baphinde baqale ukukhuphukela phezulu emaphethelweni.
Ngesikhathi esishisayo, izinyamazane ezibomvu zidla entathakusa, kuze kube yilapho amazolo enyamalala, bese uqhubeka kusihlwa, uthathe ikhefu ebusuku. Esimweni sezulu esinemvula noma esinamafu, uma kungekho lutho olubaphazamisayo, kanye nasezintabeni eziphakeme, zingadla usuku lonke.
Lapho kuhlelwa umbhede, izinyamazane zikhetha izindawo ezinomoya ongcono, ezivulekile ukuqeda omiyane abacasulayo. Lokhu kungaba izimbadada, ugu lwamachibi, ukusha kwehlathi, imiphetho. Ngokuya ngesikhathi sonyaka nosuku, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo, bangase bathande amahlathi aminyene notshani obude obukhulu. Esimweni sezulu esishisayo kakhulu, ukuze zipholise phansi futhi zibaleke phakathi kwezinsika, izilwane zingangena emifuleni noma zilale ezinkundleni zeqhwa. Entwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo, kanye nangesikhathi se-rut, izilwane zivakashela ukukhotha usawoti.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-Reindeer ingadla uhlaza lwasolwandle noma iphuze amanzi olwandle. Lokhu kusiza izilwane ezinezinselo ezivundulile ukugcwalisa izinqolobane zazo zamaminerali. Ngale njongo, bavame ukuza emfuleni iqhwa ebusika ukuzokhotha iqhwa.
Ebusika, lapho kunokudla okuncane, izinyamazane ezibomvu zimatasa zikufuna futhi zikondle usuku lonke, uma isimo sezulu sivuma. Esimweni sezulu esizolile, nesithwathwa, izilwane ziyasebenza kakhulu. Ngesikhathi semimoya, bafuna indawo yokukhosela: emahlathini aminyene ezihlahleni, emahlathini, emigodini. Iqhwa elisindayo lilinde embhedeni. Ezindaweni ezinezintaba, okuyizindawo eziyinhloko zezinyamazane ezibomvu, zithanda imithambeka enelanga ngombono omuhle. Ezigodini, lapho isimo sezulu sivame ukuba nomoya, izilwane azilali phansi, zifuna izindawo lapho umoya ungeke uziphazamise.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-red deer cub
Izinyamazane ezibomvu yizilwane ezifuywayo. Imvamisa lawa angamaqembu amancane abantu aba-3-5, kepha eSiberia kunemihlambi yamakhanda angama-20. Umkhuba wenzeka ekwindla. E-Eastern Siberia, kuphakathi kukaSepthemba, eSikhote-Alin - Septhemba 20-25, eningizimu yePrimorye kusuka ngoSepthemba 25 kuya ku-Okthoba 1. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa bayabhonga, ekuqaleni hhayi ngokuzwakalayo kakhulu, bese umsindo wabo uzwakala kusuka ebangeni elingamakhilomitha amaningi.
Ekuqaleni komsele, abesilisa bagcina ngamunye ngamunye endaweni yabo. Baxebula amagxolo, baphule izihloko zezihlahla ezisencane, bashaye ngenselo, banyathele inkundla. Le ndawo, abazingeli abayibiza ngokuthi "iphuzu", inephunga lesici lomchamo wezilwane. Futhi, abesilisa bazicikica odakeni, kuma "suits suits". Ekupheleni komkhuba, owesilisa uzenza izintombi ezimbili noma ezintathu. Ukukhwelana, kuya ngesifunda, kwenzeka kusukela maphakathi noSepthemba kuya kumhla zingama-20 ku-Okthoba. Ngalesi sikhathi, izimpi zenzeka phakathi kwezinyamazane, kepha kaningi zikhawulelwe ekubonisweni kobudlova.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, lapho ezwa ukuduma kombangi onamandla, ophikisanayo obuthakathaka uyashesha ukucasha. Owesilisa one-harem naye uhola umhlambi wakhe kude nenyamazane ebomvu ebhongayo.
Insikazi ingaletha inkonyane kowesibili, kepha kaningi lokhu kwenzeka ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila. Kepha akuzona izinqolobane minyaka yonke. Ukukhulelwa amasonto angama-35. Ukuzala inkomo kuqala ekupheleni kukaMeyi futhi kuqhubeke kuze kube ngumhla ka-10 Juni. Izinyamazane ezibomvu zizala ezindaweni ezifihliwe, ezihlahleni ezihlabayo futhi zivame ukuletha ithole elilodwa, isisindo salo cishe siyi-10 kg. Emahoreni okuqala akasizi ngalutho, lapho ezama ukusukuma, uyawa.
Ezinsukwini ezintathu zokuqala, imidumba ilala futhi ivuke kuphela ukondla izikhathi eziningana ngosuku. Umama uhlala egcina enganeni ibanga cishe elingamamitha angama-200 ukuze ingadonsi amehlo. Ngemuva kwesonto, amathole asamile kahle, kodwa azama ukulandela umama. Ukondla kwenzeka kahlanu ngosuku. Emavikini amabili, izingane zigijima kahle, kusukela eminyakeni yenyanga eyodwa ziqala ukushintshela emadlelweni, ngemuva kwalokho kuvela usamu. NgoJulayi, intsha ayibambezeli emuva ekugijimeni kwabantu abadala, kepha iyaqhubeka nokuncela ubisi kuze kuqale ubusika, kwesinye isikhathi ithathe ikhefu ngesikhathi somkhuhlane.
Kwabesilisa, ekupheleni konyaka wokuqala wokuphila, kuvela izigaxa zamathambo ebunzini, ezikhula zibe yisisekelo sezimpondo ezizayo. Baqala ukukhula kusuka onyakeni wesibili, futhi ekuqaleni konyaka wesithathu bakhulisa, besula isikhumba. Izimpondo zokuqala azinamagatsha futhi zichithwa ngo-Ephreli. Ngonyaka olandelayo, abesilisa baba nezimpondo ngemithi eminingi. Njalo ngonyaka usayizi nesisindo sezimpondo kuyakhula, kuze kufike cishe eminyakeni eyi-10-12, bese kuthi kancane kancane isisindo nosayizi sibe sincane futhi sibe sincane.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izinyamazane ezibomvu zinezimpondo ezi-3-8 kg. Zinkulu futhi zinzima kuneBukhara (3-5 kg), kepha zilula kakhulu kunezimanzi (7-15 ngisho no-20 kg), zingaphansi kweCaucasian (7-10 kg).
Amadoda amadala achitha izimpondo zawo esiwombeni sesibili, ekupheleni kukaMashi. I-Molting yenzeka kabili ngonyaka: entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Izilwane ezincelisayo ziphila cishe iminyaka eyi-12-14, ekuthunjweni kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20.
Izitha zemvelo zezinyamazane ezibomvu
Isithombe: Zibukeka kanjani izinyamazane ezibomvu
Isitha esikhulu sezinyamazane ezibomvu emvelweni yimpisi. Izidlakela zilandela abantu abadala ngemihlambi, ngababili, kodwa hhayi zodwa, ngoba lezi zilwane ziyakwazi ukuzivikela. Ziyagxuma, zincike emilenzeni yazo yangemuva, zishaya ngezinselo zazo zangaphambili, izimpondo zisiza abesilisa ekuzivikeleni. Kulabo ababasukelayo, laba bantu abangasetshenziswanga bazama ukubalekela emadwaleni, bangangena emifuleni noma babhukude baye olwandle. Ukubalekela izimpisi ezisemadwaleni, izinyamazane zivame ukweqa imithambeka emikhulu zife.
Lawa ma-artiodactyls afa kaningi kwezinye izidalwa, kepha ayahlaselwa:
- amaBhele;
- i-lynx;
- wolfine.
I-Wolverines izingela ngempumelelo ikakhulukazi phakathi nobusika obuneqhwa noma kuqweqwe lapho kunzima ukuthi inyamazane ebomvu ihambe. Ingozi kubantu abasha ingamelwa yi-harza, okuthi, yize incane, ibe nomlingiswa onolaka kakhulu. Ezinsukwini zakudala, amahlosi nezingwe kwakuyingozi enkulu ezinyamazaneni ezibomvu, kodwa manje seziyivelakancane kanti nokulimaza kwazo izinyamazane kuncane.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Phambilini eSikhote-Alin, izinyamazane ezibomvu zibekwe endaweni yesibili ngemuva kwezingulube zasendle ekudleni kwengwe.
Izitha zezinyamazane ezibomvu zingabhekwa njengezizwe zakubo. Ezinye zezilwane zifa ngesikhathi sokulwa phakathi nomgqigqo, kanti abanye abasindile bakhathele kakhulu ukuthi abakwazi ukusinda ebusika, ikakhulukazi uma bekuneqhwa futhi kuneqhwa.
Esinye sezitha ngumuntu nemisebenzi yakhe. Ngaphezu kokudoba nokuzingela ngokungemthetho, abantu bathonya ukwakheka komhlaba, bashintsha ukubukeka kokuqala kweziteshi ze-artiodactyl. Ukuqothula amahlathi, ukwakha amadolobha, ukulima izindawo ezinamahlathi, ukubeka imigwaqo emikhulu nojantshi, umuntu unciphisa imingcele yendawo lapho lesi silwane singahlala khona.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Izinyamazane ezibomvu
Izinyamazane ezibomvu eTransbaikalia zazitholakala yonke indawo phambilini, ngaphandle kwezifunda ezisenyakatho ezinezintaba eziphakeme. Kusukela ngo-1980, isibalo salesi silwane kulesi sifunda sehlile ngenxa yokuzingela ngokungemthetho nokuzithuthukisa ezindaweni ezingamahlathi. Ngokwemiphumela yokubhaliswa komhlaba ngonyaka we-2001-2005, imfuyo yehle ngama-9 ayizinkulungwane futhi yaba ngabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-26. Cishe izinkulungwane ezingama-20 zalezi artiodactyl zihlala empumalanga yeTransbaikalia, ikakhulukazi eningizimu-mpumalanga yale ndawo. Cishe izinkulungwane ezintathu zezinyamazane ezibomvu manje zihlala eYakutia. Imfuyo kulo lonke elaseMpumalanga Siberia ilinganiselwa kubantu abangaphansi kwezinkulungwane eziyi-120.
EMpumalanga Ekude, emashumini amane eminyaka eyikhulu edlule, iningi lezinyamazane ezibomvu lahlala endaweni yaseSikhote-Alin. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwabalwa kuze kufike ezigidini eziyishumi zalezi zilwane emazweni esiqiwi. Eminyakeni yamashumi amahlanu, indawo yomhlaba ovikelekile yehla kaningana, futhi inani lezinyamazane lapha lehla kakhulu. E-Primorye, inani lezilwane e-1998-2012 lalingamakhanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20-22. Ukulinganiselwa kwenani eChina kusuka ezinhlokweni eziyikhulu kuya kwezingama-200 (1993), kepha ngenxa yokuzingela ngokungemthetho nokulahleka kwezindawo zokuhlala ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu, leli nani liyancipha. Ucwaningo olwenziwe ngo-1987 lwabonisa ukuthi inani lezinyamazane eXinjiang lehla ngama-60% phakathi kuka-1970 no-1980.
Ngaphandle kokwehla kwama-30-40% ngonyaka we-1975, amanye amaqembu, ngokwesibonelo endaweni yaseHeilongjiang, anda kancane. Ukwehliswa kwendawo yokuhlala ngenxa yokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala kuholele ekutheni ukusatshalaliswa kwamanje kwezinyamazane ezibomvu kunqunyelwe ikakhulu enyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina (Heilongjiang, Nei Mongol naseJilin) kanye nezingxenye zezifundazwe zaseNingxia, Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan naseTibet.
Lesi silwane manje sesibalwe njengohlobo oluvikelwe lweSigaba II Ohlwini Lwezilwane Lukazwelonke lwaseChina. ERussia, izinyamazane ezibomvu azikho ohlwini lwe-Red Book, futhi ngisho nokudoba okulinganiselwe kuvunyelwe. Lesi silwane saziswa inyama yaso enambithekayo nesikhumba sayo esiqinile. Indawo ekhethekile ihlala izithasiselo zezimpondo - izimpondo, ezimayini ukulungiselela imithi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngekhulu le-19, abazingeli babamba izinyamazane ezibomvu ngosizo lwemigodi, base begcina lezi zilwane ekhaya ukusika izimpondo. Izigodi zazinochwepheshe bazo ekubashumeni. Ngawo-1890s eTransbaikalia, kwakugaywa izimpondo ezingama-3 000 ngonyaka, le nombolo yayihlanganisa nezimpondo eziyinkulungwane ezivela kulezo zilwane ezazigcinwa ekhaya.
Izinyamazane ezibomvu Isilwane esihle se-taiga esidinga ukuvikelwa. Ukwandisa inani labantu, kudingeka izinyathelo zokulawula ukuzingela okungekho emthethweni, ukunweba izindawo ezivikelekile, nokunciphisa izindawo zamahlathi agawulwe amahlathi. Inani lalesi silwane libalulekile hhayi ngokwalo kuphela, kodwa futhi njengomunye wemithombo yokudla yenyosi engavamile ye-Ussuri.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/06/2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 14.08.2019 ngo-21: 45
