Isikhukhukazi esimpunga - omunye wabamele ovame kakhulu wonogolantethe. Ihlala kakhulu endaweni yaseBelarus ezifundeni ezinamanzi. Le yinyoni enkulu futhi enhle kakhulu. Ngaphezu kweBelarus, ingatholakala kwezinye izindawo zase-Eurasia ngisho nase-Afrika. Igama lohlobo ngokuhumushelwa olimini lwesiRussia lisho ukuthi "inyoni yomlotha".
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: grey heron
I-grey heron ingummeleli wezingxabano, ingeyesigaba sezinyoni, ukuhleleka konogolantethe, umndeni we-heron, uhlobo lwe-heron, izinhlobo zezimpungushe ezimpunga. Ezikhathini zasendulo, kwaze kwaba maphakathi nekhulu le-19, le nyoni yayibhekwa njengeyingozi, iletha ishwa. Izidleke zawo zazihlala zicekelwa phansi, futhi kwabulawa amanani amakhulu abantu abadala.
Abantu bomndeni ohloniphekile babecabanga ukuthi ukuzingela u-falconry grey heron kuyinto yokuzijabulisa ethokozisayo. Yize kwaziwa ukuthi inyama yayo ayisetshenziswanga ukudliwa ngenxa yezici zayo zokunambitheka ezingekho phezulu kakhulu. Njengomphumela womsebenzi wobuntu onjalo, izifunda eziningi zaseYurophu, ezazithandwa ngaphambili izindwandwe, zilahlekelwe ngummeli omuhle wezitshalo nezilwane.
Ividiyo: Mpunga Heron
Abaculi abaningi be-Renaissance babubabaza ubuhle bemvelo bale nyoni enhle futhi babevame ukuyiveza emigqonyeni yabo. Ungasithola nesithombe sakhe kokunye okusele njengendebe yokuzingela. Isithombe salo mmeleli wezinyoni kubuciko bendabuko baseChina sivame kakhulu. Kwezinye izikhumbuzo, abaculi baseChina baveza le nyoni kanye ne-lotus njengophawu lwempumelelo, injabulo nenhlalakahle.
Ngaphansi kwethonya lobuciko bendabuko baseChina, obabuvame ukuveza i-heron, isithombe sakhe sathandwa kakhulu enkabeni yeYurophu nakwamanye amazwe amaningi ase-Asia.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani uheron ompunga
Indwandwe empunga ingeyenyoni ezinkulu nezinhle kakhulu, ngisho nezikhulu kakhulu. Ukuphakama kwakhe ngamasentimitha angama-75-100. Isisindo somzimba womuntu omdala oyedwa singama-2 kilogram. I-dimorphism yezocansi ayiphinyiselwa. Abesifazane banesisindo somzimba esiphansi. Uheron ompunga ungumnikazi womzimba omkhulu, omkhulu, ohlangene. Isici esihlukile sezinyoni intamo ende, ezacile futhi enomusa kakhulu. Lapho indiza, indwandwe, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zikanogolantethe, ayiyidonsi iye phambili, kodwa iyigoqa ukuze ikhanda layo lihlale emzimbeni.
Izinyoni zinemilenze emide futhi mincane kakhulu. Zimpunga. Izitho zineminwe emine: iminwe emithathu iqondiswe phambili, emuva eyodwa. Iminwe inezinzipho ezinde. Uzipho emunweni ophakathi lude ngokukhethekile, ngoba ludlala indima ebalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwezinqubo zokuhlanzeka. Kusukela kuzimpaphe eziphukile emzimbeni wale nyoni, kwakhiwa izimpushana, lapho kwakhiwa khona into ekhethekile, evimbela izimpaphe ukuthi zinganamathelani ndawonye kumafinyila enhlanzi edliwayo. Uzipho olude kakhulu olusiza izinyoni ukugcoba izimpaphe ngale mpuphu.
Indwandwe empunga inezimpiko ezinde eziyindilinga. Iphiko lingamamitha amabili. Lesi sakhiwo nosayizi wephiko sikulungele kahle izindiza ezinde emabangeni amade. Le nyoni ngokwemvelo inikwe umlomo ocijile, omude futhi onamandla amakhulu. Uyamsiza athole ukudla kwakhe futhi azivikele ezitheni. Ngomlomo onjalo, iyakwazi ukubulala amagundane alingana nonogwaja omncane. Ubude bomlomo bufinyelela ngamasentimitha ayi-15-17 kwabanye abantu. Umlomo ungaba nemibala ehlukene: kusuka kokukhanyayo nokuphuzi okukhanyayo kuya konsundu.
Izimpaphe zikhululekile futhi ngasikhathi sinye ziminyene. Isikimu sombala siphethwe yimpunga, mhlophe, imibala ehlukahlukene yomlotha. Ingxenye engenhla yomzimba inombala omnyama kunengxenye engezansi. I-nape ye-heron empunga ivame ukuhlotshiswa ngesihlakala sezimpaphe ezinde, ezimnyama.
Uhlala kuphi uheron mpunga?
Isithombe: Grey Heron eRussia
Indawo ehlala le nyoni inkulu impela. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi isifunda sini, uhlala njalo eduze kwemizimba yamanzi. Indawo ephelele yezinyoni ihlala cishe ngamakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi ezingama-63. Izinyoni zisatshalaliswa emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, e-Asia nasezifundeni ezithile zezwekazi lase-Afrika. E-Eurasia, izindwandwe zitholakala yonke indawo, kuze kufike ehlathini elimpunga. Okuhlukile ngamahlane nezindawo ezinezintaba eziphakeme.
Izindawo ze-heron empunga:
- ugu lwaseMedithera;
- ENingizimu-mpumalanga Asia;
- iziqhingi ezinkulu zaseSunda;
- IBelarus;
- Maldives;
- I-Sri Lanka;
- Madagascar;
- izifunda ezihlukene zaseRussia.
Izindwandwe ezimpunga zitholakala nasezintabeni ezindaweni lapho ukuphakama kwezintaba kungeqi kumamitha ayi-1000 ngaphezu kolwandle. Izinyoni zihlala zihlala eduze kwemizimba yamanzi amasha, emanzini angajulile lapho zithola khona ukudla kwazo. Izindwandwe zihlala ezidlekeni ezizakhela zodwa ngemva kokubhanqa. Iningi lezimpilo zabo liboshelwe kulezi zidleke, ngoba nalabo bantu abavame ukufuduka babuyela emakhaya abo futhi.
Izinyoni ezihlala ezindaweni ezibandayo zifuduka ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo ziye emazweni afudumele. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, bahlala bebuyela emazweni abo.
Manje uyazi ukuthi i-heron empunga itholakala kuphi. Ake sibone ukuthi inyoni idlani.
Yini edliwa yikhwane elimpunga?
Isithombe: I-bird grey heron
Umthombo oyinhloko wokudla izinhlanzi. Ezikhathini zangaphambili, bekukholelwa ukuthi izinyoni ziqeda izitshalo nezilwane zamachibi, zidla inqwaba yezinhlanzi. Mayelana nalokhu, babhujiswa ngamanani amakhulu. Kodwa-ke, namuhla sekufakazelwe ukuthi izindwandwe, kunalokho, zinenzuzo, zisusa amadamu ezinhlanzi ezinama-parasites.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umuntu ngamunye oqhubeka nenqubo yempilo wenza indlela yakhe yokuthola ukudla. Esikhathini esiningi, zingena emanzini futhi, zimi ngonyawo olulodwa, zilinde umzuzu ofanele wokubamba ukudla. Abanye abantu bavula amaphiko abo, ngaleyo ndlela bafiphaze amanzi bese behlola ngokucophelela okwenzekayo ngaphansi kwezinyawo zabo. Idla izinyoni ezizulazula nje ogwini futhi zibheke inyamazane yazo.
Ngokushesha nje lapho le nyoni ibona inyamazane yayo, ivele yelule intamo yayo bese iyibamba iye ngomzimba ngomlomo wayo. Bese kuthi ngokujikijela ngokuphazima kweso, ayiphonse futhi ayigwinye. Uma inyamazane inkulu, i-heron ihlukanisela izingxenye zayo kuqala. Kulokhu ubuye asizwe kakhulu wumlomo onamandla, ophula kalula amathambo futhi uchoboze inyamazane.
Isisekelo sokudla se-grey heron:
- izimbaza;
- ama-crustaceans;
- izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlanzi;
- izilwane zasemanzini;
- amanzi angenasawoti;
- izinambuzane ezinkulu;
- amagundane;
- amagundane amanzi;
- izilwane ezincane;
- izinsumpa.
Izindwandwe zingantshontsha ukudla kwezinye izilwane. Uma izindawo zokuhlala zabantu ziseduze, zingadla udoti wokudla noma imikhiqizo yomkhakha wokufuya izinhlanzi.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-Grey heron indiza
Ngokuya ngezimo zezulu, i-grey heron ihola impilo yokuzulazula noma yokuhlala phansi. Izinyoni ezihlala endaweni yeRussian Federation, iBelarus, zihlala zindiza ziye emazweni afudumele ngokuqala kwekwindla yokuqala ebandayo yasekwindla. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inyoni ngeke ikwazi ukuzihlinzeka ngokudla ezimeni zobusika obunzima.
Izinyoni zifuduka ngamaqembu amancane. Ngokuhlukile okungajwayelekile, inani lalemihlambi lidlula abantu abangamakhulu amabili. Endleleni, abantu abanesizungu abatholakali. Ngesikhathi sendiza, zindiza ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu imini nobusuku.
Lapho zihlala endaweni yazo ejwayelekile, zihlala ngamaqembu, zidleke emakoloni ahlukene, zakha izidleke eziningana endaweni encane. Izinyoni zivame ukwakha amakoloni nezinye izinhlobo zonogolantethe, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni - onogolantethe, ibises.
Indwandwe empunga ayisebenzi ngesikhathi sosuku esiqinile. Bangasebenza kakhulu ubusuku nemini. Isikhathi esiningi bavukile futhi bayazingela. Banikela nangesikhathi esiningi ukuhlanza izimpaphe zabo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Heron omkhulu ompunga
Izinyoni zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi zineminyaka engu-1-2 ubudala. Kuyinyoni e-mogogamous ngokwemvelo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, uqhwaku nazo zonke izingxenye zomzimba ezingamboziwe izimpaphe zithola umbala o-orenji okhanyayo noma opinki. Lesi sici siyisici sabo bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane.
Kulezo zifunda lapho isimo sezulu sibanda khona, nezinyoni zifudukela emazweni afudumele ebusika, zakha izidleke ngokushesha ngemuva kokubuyela ezweni lazo - ngasekupheleni kukaMashi, ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Emazweni afudumele, lapho singekho isidingo sezinyoni zokufuduka, akukho ukuthuthwa okuveziwe nezinkathi zonyaka.
Ukwakhiwa kwesidleke kuqala ngomuntu wesilisa. Ngemuva kwalokho ubiza insikazi ukuthi isize: welula amaphiko akhe, abuye abuyisele ikhanda lakhe emhlane futhi enze imisindo yokukhala. Lapho owesifazane eza kuye, uyamxosha. Le nqubo iphindwa kaningana. Lapho ekugcineni owesilisa emukela insikazi, kwakheka umbhangqwana, ophelelisa isidleke ndawonye. Ivame ukutholakala ezihlahleni ezinde, inokuphakama kwamasentimitha angama-50-70, ububanzi obungamasentimitha angama-60-80. Izinyoni zinamathele ngokumangalisayo esidlekeni sazo futhi zisisebenzisa iminyaka eminingi uma kungenzeka.
Owesifazane ngamunye ubeka amaqanda ayi-1 kuya kwayi-8. Ngokuvamile, kukhona 4-5 kubo. Zikhonjwe ezinhlangothini zombili futhi ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala omhlophe. Ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda, izinyoni ziyafukamela ndawonye izinsuku ezingama-26-27. Amachwane azalwa enqunu ngokuphelele futhi engenakuzisiza. Izimpaphe ziqala ukukhula kusukela ngesonto lesibili lokuphila kwazo. Abazali bashintshanisa amaphuphu ngokudla, ababuye bakwenze kusuka esiswini sabo. Ukondla kwenziwa kathathu ngosuku. Amanye amatshwele athola ukudla okuncane. Kulokhu, amaphuphu anamandla futhi makhulu athatha ukudla kwababuthakathaka, kanti ababuthakathaka kuleli cala bavame ukufa.
Lapho enezinyanga ezintathu ubudala, amaphuphu aqala ukulungiselela impilo ezimele. Bafunda ukundiza futhi badle ukudla kwabantu abadala. Isikhathi esiphakathi sokuphila senyoni ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle yiminyaka eyi-17-20.
Izitha zemvelo zezimpungushe ezimpunga
Isithombe: Grey heron ngokwemvelo
I-grey heron iyinyoni enkulu kunalokho ngokwemvelo enikezwe umlomo ocijile nonamandla kakhulu. Mayelana nalokhu, uyakwazi ukuzivikela ezitheni eziningi. Kodwa-ke, kuvame ukuba yisisulu sezilwane ezinkulu ezinamandla.
Izitha zemvelo zempunga eyimpunga:
- impungushe;
- impungushe;
- inja ye-raccoon;
- amanzi namagundane amphibious;
- izinhlobo zezinyoni ezidla ezinye;
- i-marsh harrier;
- umagpie.
Izitha zemvelo azigcini ngokudla abantu abadala kuphela, kepha ziphanga nezidleke, zidle amatshwele kanye namaqanda ezinyoni. Izinduna nazo zisengozini yokungenwa yizifo ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi izimuncagazi. Lokhu kwenziwa yindlela yokuphila kanye nemvelo yokudla. Umthombo wokudla oyinhloko izinhlanzi nama-crustaceans. Bangabathwali benani elikhulu lama-parasites. Ngokuzidla, i-heron ngokuzenzekelayo iba yisikhungo esiphakathi senani elikhulu lama-parasites.
Ukwehla kwezinombolo kwenziwa lula izinga eliphansi lokusinda lamantshontsho ngonyaka wokuqala. Kungama-35% kuphela. Kusukela onyakeni wesibili, ukufa kwezinyoni kuqala ukwehla kancane kancane. Futhi, abantu baphakathi kwezitha eziyinhloko nezibalulekile ze-grey heron. Umsebenzi wayo uholela ekungcolisweni kwendawo yemvelo, ngenxa yalokho inyoni iyafa. Izibulala-zinambuzane zingcolisa amaxhaphozi nezindawo zamanzi eduze kwalapho zihlala khona.
Esinye isizathu sokwehla kwenani lezinyoni ukushintsha kwezimo zezulu. Intwasahlobo ebandayo, ethatha isikhathi eside eneqhwa nezimvula ezibalekayo nayo inegalelo ekufeni kwezinyoni, ezingakulungele ngokuphelele ukuphila ezimweni ezinjalo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani uheron ompunga
Inani labantu likhulu cishe kuzo zonke izifunda zendawo yalo yokuhlala. Le nyoni ivame kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba. Ngokwe-International Association for the Conservation of Animals, inani le-heron elimpunga alibangeli kukhathazeka. Kusukela ngo-2005, inani lale nyoni lisuka ku-750,000 laya ku-3,500,000. Abantu abaningi kakhulu bahlala eRussia, Belarus, China naseJapan.
Kusukela ngo-2005, cishe ama-155 - 185 ayizinkulungwane ngazimbili zalezi zinyoni zazihlala emazweni aseYurophu. EYurophu Ephakathi, uheron ompunga cishe ukuphela kwenyoni enkulu esele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwakukhona cishe ama-30-70 ayizinkulungwane ngazimbili endaweni yeRussian Federation. Ama-Zoologists aqaphele ukuthambekela ekwandeni kwesilinganiso sabantu endaweni yaleli zwe. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izindawo zaseRussia, inani lalo mmeleli wonogolantethe lehle kakhulu. Lezi zifunda zifaka phakathi iYakutia, iKamchatka, iKhabarovsk Territory, iKemerovo, iTomsk, neNizhny Novgorod.
Le nyoni izwela kakhulu ekuhlanzekeni kwendawo yokuhlala, ngakho-ke lokhu kunomthelela omubi enanini layo ezifundeni ezithile. Ukusetshenziswa kwesibalo esikhulu semithi yokubulala izinambuzane ngabantu kuholele ekwehleni kwesibalo sezinyoni eziseduze nezindawo zezimboni nezolimo, lapho ukusetshenziswa kwala makhemikhali kuyinto ejwayelekile. Ukuqedwa kwamahlathi nakho kuthinta kabi inani lezinyoni.
Isikhukhukazi esimpunga - enye yezinyoni ezinhle kakhulu. Uye waba uphawu lwezifunda eziningi futhi uvame ukuvezwa ngezimpawu ezahlukahlukene zezimpawu zikazwelonke. Izinyoni zizizwa zikhululekile kakhulu endaweni yezindawo zokugcina iziqiwi, lapho zihlala khona ngobuningi bazo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 07/29/2019
Usuku lokubuyekeza: 03/23/2020 ngo-23: 15
