Kukholakala ukuthi cishe ama-wolverine ayizinkulungwane ezingama-30 manje ahlala emhlabeni. Akumangazi ukuthi lezi zidlakela akuvamile ukuthi zihlangane nezinhlobo zazo, zikhetha ukuphatha zodwa ezindaweni ezisuka kumakhilomitha-skwele ayinkulungwane kuya kwezinkulungwane ezimbili.
Incazelo, ukubukeka kwe-wolverine
Kokubili umndeni kanye nomndeni omncane, okubandakanya umhlaseli, babizwa ngokufanayo - "marten". I-otter yasolwandle kuphela enkulu kune-wolverine (phakathi kwezihlobo zayo eziseduze). Ngosayizi, i-wolverine ifana nenja enkulu, ngokubukeka - imbila noma ibhere elinomsila obushelelezi, omude ngokulingene (18-23 cm). Isilwane esikhulile sikhula sifike ku-70-85 cm ngesisindo esingu-10-14 kg (sowesifazane) no-13-17 kg (owesilisa). Ama-specimens amakhulu angadonsa afike kuma-20 kg.
Izindlebe ezicocekile ziyabonakala ekhanda elikhulu, isifonyo sifana nebhere... Amehlo, afana nekhala, amnyama. Umzimba omfushane, ominyene ubekwe emilenzeni emifushane, ewugqinsi, engaphambili imfishane kunaleyo engemuva, ebonakalayo ephakamisa ingxenye engemuva yomzimba, okwenza ibonakale ngathi igonwe kancane.
I-wolverine ihlukaniswa ngezinzwane ezinkulu ezinhlanu, ezicishe zibe yizinyawo eziyishumi (10 cm - ubude, 9 cm - ububanzi): "yedwa" onjalo, oqiniswe ngozipho abaxhunyiwe, usiza isilwane ukunqoba kalula izindawo ezijulile eziimbozwe yiqhwa. Lapho sihamba, lesi silwane esidla izitshalo ngokuhlukile siyi-clubfoot, njengoba sibeka isidladla saso, siphumula onyaweni lonke.
Uboya basehlobo bufushane kakhulu ukuthi bungeze ubuhle ku-wolverine ngokufihla ugebhezi nemilenze yayo emikhulu ngokungenakulinganiswa: kubukeka kuyinhlekisa ikakhulukazi ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka. I-wolverine ikhula yinhle emakhazeni, yakha ijazi elinsundu ngombala onsundu / onsundu omnyama, ihlanjululwe ngomugqa obanzi, okhanyayo ezinhlangothini.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ijazi elisheshayo lifihla ithambo eliqinile. Kunesici esisodwa futhi esimenza afane nebhere: njengaye, i-wolverine ibonakala ifiphele. Ulawula kalula umzimba wakhe oqinile, akhombise ophikisayo ukusabela ngombani.
Indawo yokuhlala
Lesi silwane sihlala ezindaweni eziningi ezisezingeni eliphansi nezindawo ezipholile zaseNyakatho Melika nase-Eurasia, sihlala ezindaweni ezikude ezisenyakatho, iziqhingi zase-Arctic, ihlathi-ihlathi netundra (lapho kunezilwane eziningi zasendle).
Isilwane saziwa njengophawu olusemthethweni lwaseMichigan, oluvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "yisimo se-wolverine." EYurophu, i-wolverine ikhethe ingxenye esenyakatho yeNhlonhlo YaseScandinavia, kanye neFinland, iPoland, iLatvia, i-Estonia, iLithuania, iBelarus neRussia.
Ezweni lakithi, umhlaseli angatholakala eSiberia, eKola Peninsula, ePerm Territory, eKarelia, eRiphabhulikhi yaseKomi, eFar East naseKamchatka. Imingcele yaseningizimu yokuhlala idlula ezifundeni zaseKirov, eTver, eLeningrad, ePskov, eVologda naseNovgorod.
Amaqoqo ama-wolverine asendle ajwayelekile kakhulu... Omunye wezazi zemvelo wamangala ukuchaza ukugcwala kwesilwane ezintabeni iSikhote-Alin esiqashelwe nguye nozakwabo: amakhilomitha-skwele ayi-100 umuntu ngamunye. Ubuningi berekhodi obunjalo besilwane esichazayo buchazwe inani elikhulu le-elk elifike kulezi zindawo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi cishe ama-wolverine angamakhulu amane ahlala endaweni enwetshiwe ye-Ussuriysk Territory, futhi awekho ngaphezu kwama-wolverine angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili ngobukhulu beYakutia.
Izitha zemvelo ze-wolverine
Njengabo bonke abameleli bamadevu, i-wolverine ine-gland anal, okusetshenziswa kwayo uketshezi ezimweni ezintathu:
- ukuheha abantu bobulili obuhlukile;
- ukuqoka indawo "yabo";
- ukwethusa isitha.
Imfihlo enephunga elimnandi ayigcini nje ngokuvikela i-wolverine ekuhlaselweni yizilwane ezidlayo, kepha futhi iyinika isibindi, lapho kushisa khona kungenazimpi ithatha impisi ne-lynx. Ukuntuleka kokumelana kuchazwa kalula: i-lynx, njengesilwane esihlanzeke ngokucophelela, izama ukuphuma kumphangi onukayo ngokushesha okukhulu.
Amahlebezi athi i-wolverine enkulu ingahlasela impisi uqobo, inethemba lamandla ayo namazinyo aqinile: uma zingasizi, kusetshenziswa isikhali sokugcina esibulalayo - iphunga elinyanyekayo. UWolverine akanalo ulaka, yingakho ngisho nebhere limgwema. Umuntu akahlaselwa ngaphandle uma kudingeka ngempela: kuphela uma emshayela ekhoneni... Ukukhonkotha kuhle kwempungushe kusengozini.
Kuyathakazelisa! Udokotela Wezesayensi Yezinto Eziphilayo uYuri Porfirievich Yazan, umbhali wezincwadi ezithokozisayo ezikhuluma ngezilwane ezincelisayo zemidlalo, ukwazise kakhulu ukungakhathali, amandla kanye nokwesaba i-wolverine. U-Yazan ubhale ukuthi akavumeli ibhere noma ihlosi, kepha ngeke alichithe ize ngegazi.
Phakathi kwabazingeli, kwakukhona izindaba zokuthi i-wolverine yayijwayele ukubamba inkunzi, yeba ukudla (kufaka phakathi inyama) eshedini lokugcina kanye nezilwane emgibeni. Ngalezi zindlela zobuqili, kanye neqiniso lokuthi i-wolverine ichitha izingibe ezifakwe ezindleleni zokuzingela, bamnika isidlaliso esingathandeki esithi "umhlaseli ongcolile" futhi baqala ukubulala ngaphandle kwesilinganiso. Kwezinye izindawo, babhala ngisho nebhonasi yokubhujiswa kwe-wolverine.
Bayeka ukulandela isilo kungekudala, befunde imikhuba kangcono futhi balazisa iqhaza laso empilweni yezilwane zasehlathini. Kwatholakala ukuthi, izindawo zokugcina izimpahla ze-taiga zivame ukonakaliswa ngamabhere ansundu, futhi ama-wolverine, yize ezulazula eduze kwezindawo zokugcina kanye nemizila yokuzingela, agwema abantu futhi angantshontshi ukudla.
Indlela Yokuphila
Ku-wolverine, iyimhambuma, ngokungafani nezihlobo zayo emndenini, ihlala endaweni eyodwa: ihamba ngokungakhathali izungeze indawo yayo enkulu, ilandelele phansi (imvamisa kusihlwa) inyamazane efanelekile.
Endleleni, i-wolverine ayikhohlwa ukubuka lapho izilwane ezincane zingacasha khona - emigodini, izidleke, izimbobo, izinkuni ezifile nezinkuni zokukhukhumeza. Kukhuphuka izihlahla ngaphandle kobunzima ngenxa yezinzipho eziqinile nezidladla eziqinile.
I-Wolverine ayithandi lapho abantu bobulili obufanayo bengena endaweni yayo, futhi bevikela ngokuzimela ukuzimela kwayo... Ukudangala ngaphansi kwezimpande eziguquliwe, imifantu enamadwala nemigodi iba yindawo yokukhosela yesikhashana yesilo. Uma kungekho ndawo yokukhosela eduzane, angachitha ubusuku bonke ematsheni noma eqhweni.
Kuyathakazelisa! UWolverine ungumbhukudi onomona. Unokubona okuhle kakhulu, ukuzwa okuhle, kepha hhayi umuzwa ojulile wokuhogela.
Ukungasabi kwe-wolverine kuyapheleliswa yisixwayiso sayo: zombili lezi zimfanelo ziyayivumela ukuthi ihambe ingabonwa ezindleleni zabantu kanye nezilwane ezinkulu ezingethemba lokuthi izocosha okuthile okudliwayo. I-Wolverine ingalandela noma iyiphi indlela, ithrekhi yokuhamba ngeqhwa nomkhondo.
Ijubane akulona iphuzu lakhe eliqinile (i-skier noma inja izoyidlula kalula i-wolverine), kepha ithatha ukubekezela, isebenzisa isilinganiso samakhilomitha angama-30 ngosuku. Igijima kancane emaceleni futhi yeqe. Kunezimo lapho ama-wolverine ebeka amarekhodi wesikhathi sokunyakaza: eyodwa imbozwe ama-70 km ngaphandle kokuma, eyesibili yagijima ama-85 km ngosuku, eyesithathu emavikini ama-2 yashwiba amakhilomitha angama-250.
Izazi zezilwane zikholelwa ukuthi i-wolverine ayiqondiswa isikhathi sosuku esendleleni, iphumula uma izizwa ikhathele.
Ukudla kwe-Wolverine
Ububanzi bezintshisekelo zakhe zokudla okubanzi bukhulu ngokwedlulele, kepha amandla omnivorousness awasekelwa ngamakhono anele okuzingela: i-wolverine ayihlali inobungcweti obanele bokubamba isilwane esincane, namandla okudlula enkulu. Kuyiqiniso, lokhu kusenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile: i-wolverine ingashayela i-elk enempilo ngokuphelele noma inyamazane ecwila eqhweni elijulile noma ibhajwe kuqweqwe lweqhwa... Yini esingayisho ngesilwane esilimele noma esigulayo: i-wolverine ngeke ilahlekelwe ithuba layo. Akanqikazi ukucosha izingcezu ezisele ngemuva komkhosi wamabhere, ama-lynx noma izimpisi. Ukumemeza kwamagwababa namagwababa "kumqondisa" ekufeni.
I-Wolverine ingenye ye-oda lehlathi, ikhulula inani lezinyamazane ze-musk, izinyamazane, izimvu zezintaba, i-elk ne-roe deer ezihlotsheni ezibuthakathaka. Izibalo zingokulandelayo: uthatha ama-ungulates ayi-7 kwayi-10 alandela izidlakela ezinkulu, futhi azingele abathathu babo uqobo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Isizathu sokuhlangana okungajwayelekile kwama-wolverine amadala ukuzingela ngokuhlanganyela. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ezindaweni zase-Siberia eseMpumalanga naseMpumalanga Ekude, lapho kunezinyamazane eziningi ze-musk, zisuka ekuphishekeleni ngemibuthano. Ukwazi lesi sici, ama-wolverines abelana ngezindima: umuntu ushayela izinyamazane ze-musk, abanye balinda ukuthi umbuthano uvalwe.
I-Wolverine ikhuthazelela ngesizotha isonto lendlala, kepha ihlala idla ibekelwe, ngokushesha isisindo. Iququda isisulu esikhulu sibe izingcezu eziningana ezinkulu bese siyifihla ezindaweni ezihlukene, siyidle kancane kancane. Izinyamazane zeMusk zidla ezinsukwini eziyi-3-4.
Imvamisa ama-ungulates kanye ne-carrion akha ukudla kwasebusika kwe-wolverine. Ehlobo nasentwasahlobo, ukudla kuyahlukahluka, futhi ukuhamba kuyofuna ukudla kuyaqabukela.
Imenyu yezilwane zasehlobo ihlanganisa:
- imidlwane, amathole namawundlu asanda kuzalwa;
- izinyoni (i-hazel grouse, i-black grouse) namaqanda ezinyoni;
- inhlanzi (bukhoma nokulala);
- amagundane, izibankwa, amaxoxo nezinyoka;
- amajikijolo, uju namantongomane;
- izibungu zomnyovu
Njengoba inejubane eliphansi, kepha inamandla amakhulu, iyakwazi ukubulala isisulu sayo ngokuzingela isikhathi eside.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
Abesilisa nabesifazane baqala ukuphathana kahle ngoMeyi-Agasti, ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, bakha inyunyana yesikhashana (yamasonto ambalwa). I-wolverine ibeletha njalo eminyakeni emi-2, kanti ukukhulelwa kunesigaba eside esifihlekile (izinyanga eziyi-7-8), ngemuva kwalokho ukukhula okuvamile kombungu kuqala. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-30 - 40, insikazi ekugcineni iyazala.
Ngokulindela ukubeletha, umama okhulelwe uhlomisa umhhume, lapho eyodwa noma amabili amade (afinyelela kumamitha angama-40) imigodi iholele khona. I-Wolverine ayinandaba nenduduzo futhi ibeka umhhume ngokunganaki, kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala eziveza inzalo ngobunzima bempilo yokuhambahamba. Isidleke asihlali njalo endaweni ephephile (emhumeni, phakathi kwamatshe, ezimpandeni zesihlahla): kwesinye isikhathi kuba ukucindezeleka eqhweni kuphela.
Imidlwane (2-4) izalwa ngoFebhuwari / Mashi. Izingane aziboni futhi zimbi, isisindo ngasinye asidluli u-70-100 amagremu. Ngenyanga, zinesisindo esifinyelela ku-0.5 kg futhi zivula amehlo, kuthi ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa zifane nomama wazo, ngenkathi ziphansi kuye ngobuningi.
Ubisi lukamama luthathelwa indawo ukudla okugaywe uhhafu, kuthi imidlwane ithole ukuzimela okulinganiselwe, iphume emgodini nonina phakathi nehlobo. I-Wolverine ibalungiselela ushintsho olude, abazovunyelwa ekuqaleni kokuvuthwa okugcwele eminyakeni emibili.
UWolverine nendoda
Abazingeli baseTaiga baphawula ukuthi ama-wolverine abanjwe yiwo abonakala ngokukhuluphala, kepha lesi silwane asivame ukwengeza enanini lezindebe zokuzingela.
Isikhumba seWolverine siyimpahla eyindlala. Isidingo sayo esikhethekile phakathi kwabomdabu basenyakatho sichazwa yinqwaba yaso ehlala isikhathi eside futhi ende, engabandi eqabeni elibi kakhulu. Uboya busetshenziselwa ukuthunga izingubo zangaphandle, kanye nokwenziwa kwama-muffs, amakhola kanye nezigqoko.
Ngesikhumba se-wolverine bacela okungaphezulu kwesele - kusuka kuma-70 kuye kuma-dollar ayi-100.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-wolverine abukhoma nawo aziswa kakhulu. Ama-zoo azimisele ukukhokha ama- $ 250 ngesilwane ngasinye. I-Wolverine ayivamile ngokwedlulele ekuthunjweni, njengoba inani labantu lilinganiselwe endle.
Ngendlela, amawundlu e-wolverine awele kumuntu ngokushesha kakhulu abambeka futhi abe mbuna. Isilwane esifuywayo siyazinakekela, asithobeki, sithobela umnikazi futhi sihlekisa kakhulu.
