Macrurus

Macrurus - inhlanzi eyaziwa abaningi ngokunambitheka kwayo. Imvamisa itholakala emashalofini ezitolo ehlutshiwe noma ngesimo semicu. Kepha bambalwa abantu abazi ukuthi i-grenadier empeleni ibukeka kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izici zendlela yayo yokuphila.

Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo

Isithombe: Makrurus

IMacrurus iyinhlanzi yasolwandle olujulile oluvela ekilasini le-ray fin. Lesi yisigaba esikhulu kunazo zonke - izinhlanzi eziningi (cishe amaphesenti angama-95) zikhonjiswe ngemisebe. Lezi zinhlanzi zihlukaniswa futhi nokuthi ziyizinto zokudoba okusebenzayo, futhi ne-grenadier ayiyona into ehlukile. Izinhlanzi ezifakwe uRay yizona ezimele izinhlanzi zasendulo. Ukutholwa kokuqala kwalezi zinhlanzi kuneminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-40 ubudala - kwakuyinhlanzi enkulu edlayo yenkathi yeSilurian. Iningi lezinhlanzi lithanda amanzi abandayo, ahlala eRussia, eSweden, e-Estonia.

Ividiyo: Makrurus

Izinhlanzi ezifakwe uRay zathathelwa indawo izinhlanzi ezinamathambo, kepha ngesikhathi sokuziphendukela kwemvelo, izinhlanzi ezenziwe ngemisebe zavikela indawo yazo olwandle lomhlaba. Ngenxa yomgogodla wamathambo nokwakheka okulula kwamaphiko, bathole ukuqhutshwa kwamandla kanye namandla okusinda ekujuleni okukhulu. IMacrurus ingenye yezinhlanzi zasolwandle ezijulile ezigcina i-morphology yesigaba esikhishwe ngemisebe, kepha iyakwazi ukusinda emazingeni okushisa aphansi kanye nengcindezi ephezulu. IMacrurus ijwayelekile emanzini amaningi, ngakho-ke inama-subspecies angaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu, ahlukile kwi-morphology.

Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu:

• i-longtail enamehlo amancane yi-grenadier enkulu kunazo zonke, etholakala kuphela emanzini abandayo;
• I-Antarctic - izinhlanzi ezinkulu, okunzima ukuzibamba ngenxa yezindawo zazo zokuhlala;
• i-comb-scaly - ayithandwa kakhulu kwezohwebo ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo okuthile kanye nenani elincane lenyama;
• INingizimu ye-Atlantic - izinhlobo ezingaphansi komhlaba ezisabalele kwezokudotshwa kwezinhlanzi;
• amehlo amancane - ummeleli omncane kunabo bonke wama-grenadiers;
• i-berglax - inamehlo amakhulu kakhulu.

Ukubukeka nezici

Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-grenadier

IMacrurus yinde, inhlanzi ende emise okweconsi. Unekhanda elikhulu nomzimba uthinta ngasemsileni. Isiphetho somsila uqobo asikho kanjalo: umsila we-grenadier ubizwa ngokuthi inqubo yentambo. Ngenxa yesimo somsila, inhlanzi ingeyomndeni onomsila omude. Ikhanda likhulu kakhulu. Kuwo, amehlo amakhulu aqhakazile we-grenadier abonakala ngokusobala, ngaphansi kwawo kukhona izingqimba zamehlo ezinzima. IGrenadier imbozwe ngokuphelele ngezikalo ezijiyile, ezibukhali - isizathu sokuthi kungani izinhlanzi zingaphathwa ngaphandle kwamagilavu, ngoba kunamathuba amaningi okuzisika.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Emashalofini ezitolo, le nhlanzi ingabonakala kuphela efomini elisikiwe, noma kuthengiswa kuphela imicu. Lokhu kungenxa yokubukeka okungabukeki kwe-grenadier ngamehlo ayo ethusayo nekhanda elikhulu.

I-grenadier impunga noma nsundu ngemivimbo empunga ephaphathekile. Kunamaphiko amabili empunga ngemuva kwe-grenadier - elinye lifushane futhi liphezulu, kanti elinye liphansi futhi linwetshiwe. Amaphiko wepectoral abukeka njengemisebe evulekile. Isisindo se-grenadier yesifazane yama-subspecies amakhulu kakhulu singafinyelela kuma-kg ayisithupha. Ubude be-grenadier yase-Atlantic busuka kwimitha elilodwa kuya kwengxenye nohafu, ubude obumaphakathi bobubanzi besifazane busuka ku-60 cm, no-3 kg, isisindo. Umlomo ugcwele amazinyo abukhali emigqeni emibili. I-dimorphism yezocansi incane, ivame ukuvezwa ngosayizi we-grenadier.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngenxa yokwakheka kwecala nomsila omude omncane, ezinsukwini zakudala, i-grenadier yaqhathaniswa namagundane futhi yathathwa njengothwala izifo.

I-grenadier enemibala kakhulu yi-giant grenadier. Wonke ama-subspecies we-grenadier, ngaphandle kwamehlo amancane, angaba ne-gigantism enjalo. Ubude bayo bungafinyelela kumamitha amabili, futhi isisindo sayo singaphezu kwamakhilogremu angamashumi amathathu. Ama-grenadiers amakhulu, njengomthetho, ngabantu abadala kakhulu abaya ekujuleni okungaphezu kwamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezine.

Uhlala kuphi uGrenadier?

Isithombe: Makrurus olwandle

IMacrurus iyinhlanzi engezansi ehlala ikakhulukazi e-Atlantic nasePacific Oceans. Ukujula okwenzeka khona kusuka kumakhilomitha amabili kuya kwamane, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kuba ngaphezulu.

Imboni enkulu yokudoba igrenadier igxilwe kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:

• IRussia;
• EPoland:
• EJapan;
• EJalimane;
• IDenmark;
• ENyakatho Carolina;
• kwesinye isikhathi eBering Strait.

Cishe izinhlobo ezingamakhulu amabili ze-grenadier zihlala e-Atlantic Ocean - lesi yisibalo sabantu abaningi. Futhi kutholakala oLwandle lwase-Okhotsk, kepha kunezinhlobo ezine kuphela ezitholakala lapho, futhi inani labantu lehliswe kakhulu ngenxa yokudoba. I-Russia ingenye yezindawo zokudoba i-grenadier ngobukhulu.

Ngokuvamile ibanjwa ezindaweni ezilandelayo:

• I-Alexandra Bay;
• ugu lwaseKamchatka;
• iShantar enkulu.

Ama-grenadier amaningi ahlala kukholamu ephezulu yamanzi, evame ukuvela. Izinhlanzi ezindala ziya ezansi, lapho zichitha khona impilo yazo yonke: lapho izinhlanzi sezindala, zihlala zisondele ezansi. Ama-grenadiers amadala aziswa kakhulu njengezinhlanzi ezithengiswayo, ngakho-ke ukubamba kwabo kuyinkimbinkimbi ezindaweni zokuhlala eziphansi.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: AmaGrenadier abanjwa esebenzisa amanetha amakhulu nezikebhe ezikhethekile ezingasekela isisindo esikhulu sezinhlanzi.

Udla ini i-grenadier?

Isithombe: Makrurus eRussia

IMacrurus yinhlanzi edla ezinye. Ukudla kwayo okuyinhloko kufaka ama-crustaceans ahlukahlukene nama-molluscs, kanye nezinhlanzi ezincane. Ama-Macrouse awazona izidalwa ezisebenzayo, akhetha ukuhlala phansi ngokuqamekela, elinde inyamazane ukuthi ibhukude aye kuyo. Umbala wokufihla usiza i-grenadier kulokhu, ngosizo lwawo ohlangana naphansi. Ukuthi i-grenadier idla kangakanani kuya ngesizini. Ebusika, lezi zinhlanzi zihlala phansi, zinciphisa kakhulu isisindo futhi azidli kakhulu. Ngenkathi yokuzalanisa, ama-grenadier nawo awavamile ukudliwa, kepha ngemuva kwenkathi yokukhwelana athola isisindo ngenkuthalo futhi akwazi nokuzingela okusebenzayo - nokujaha inyamazane. Ama-Macrouse abanjwa hhayi kuphela ngamanetha, kepha nangokubambisa.

Isithiyelo esiyinhloko esilunywa yi-grenadier yile:

• izimfanzi ezincane;
• izibungu ezinkulu;
• izimbaza;
• inyama yenkalankala (ingonakaliswa kancane ukuyenza inuke kakhulu);
• ama-scallops;
• izinhlanzi ze-echinoderm;
• isardadi;
• i-cuttlefish namanye ama-cephalopods.

Endle, kuye kwabonwa ama-grenadier ukuthi athanda ama-squid, ophiur, amphipods, anchovies, nama-benthic polychaetes. Le mikhiqizo ibuye isetshenziswe njengesithiyelo, kepha ama-grenadiers amancane kuphela ajwayele ukuwacosha. Kunzima futhi kunamandla amakhulu ukubamba isicupho se-grenadier. Lokhu kuzothatha isikhathi eside nokudla kwesithiyelo esiningi, ngoba ezinye izinhlanzi maningi amathuba okuthi zilume kuso. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokudoba i-grenadier ngamanetha amakhulu angafinyelela kubantu abadala be-benthic.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Isithombe: Fish grenadier

Indlela yokuphila yama-grenadiers iyahluka ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala kanye neminyaka yenhlanzi. Kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo eziningana zendlela yokuphila yezinhlanzi. Ngezansi - ekujuleni okungaphezu kwamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezine. Le ndlela yokuphila ijwayelekile kubantu abadala nakuma-macrourid amakhulu.

Amamitha ayi-500-700 ngukujula okuvame kakhulu lapho kutholakala khona amabhomu. Amanethiwekhi amaningi aklanyelwe yona. Izilwane ezincane nezinsikazi kuphela ezihlala eduze kwamanzi. Ngokuyinhloko, ama-grenadiers abesilisa kuphela akhetha ukuhlala phansi. Izinsikazi nezinsizwa zigcina kukholamu lamanzi futhi zivame ukuntanta phezulu.

IMacrurus iyinhlanzi eqaphile, ehola impilo yokuhlala phansi, okwenza kube nzima ukuzibamba. Azikwazi ukubonwa lapho i-grenadier icasha ezansi, njengoba ihlangana nokusizwa. Azihlukanga ekuziphatheni okunolaka, uma kwenzeka ingozi zithanda ukungazivikeli kepha zibaleke. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, abesilisa bama-grenadiers bangaba nolaka, kufaka phakathi abantu.

Ukulunywa kwe-grenadier akubulali, kepha kubuhlungu ngenxa yemigqa emibili yamazinyo abukhali, futhi nemihlathi ye-grenadier iqine ngokwanele ukuluma nge-chitin elukhuni yama-crustaceans nama-molluscs.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Isithombe: Makrurus ngaphansi kwamanzi

AmaGrenadier azala izinhlanzi ezifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi phakathi kweminyaka yobudala eyi-5 nengu-11 (ngokuya ngama-subspecies we-grenadier). Ngasikhathi sinye, ubukhulu bezinhlanzi bubalulekile - okungenani ama-65 cm, kepha hhayi ngaphezulu kwe-100, ngoba izinhlanzi ezinkulu zibhekwa njengezindala ngokuzala. Abesifazane nabesilisa bahlala ngokuhlukile - abesifazane basekholamu lamanzi, kanti abesilisa bacasha ezansi. Ngakho-ke, abesifazane bahola indlela yokuphila esebenzayo, bazingela kaningi futhi kaningi baba yizinto zokudoba. Ukuqhamuka kweGrenadier kuhlala unyaka wonke, kepha kufinyelela esiqongweni sayo entwasahlobo. Indlela yokuphila efihliwe yale nhlanzi ayikuvumeli ukuthola ukuthi ama-grenadiers anayo yini imidlalo namasiko okukhwelana.

Abesilisa kuye kwabonwa ukuthi baba nolaka ngesikhathi sokuzala kwentwasahlobo. Zingaluma zodwa futhi zihlasele ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi. Futhi, abesilisa banciphisa kakhulu isisindo ngesikhathi sokuzala, ngoba bahlala befuna abesifazane. Insikazi izalela amaqanda angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-400, ububanzi bawo obuyimitha elilodwa nengxenye. Insikazi ayikhombisi ukukhathazeka ngamaqanda, ngakho-ke amaqanda amaningi adliwa yizinhlanzi ezahlukahlukene, kubandakanya nama-grenadier uqobo. I-cannibalism ayivamile phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo. Ayikho imininingwane eqondile ngempilo yama-grenadiers, kepha izinhlobo eziningi zisinda ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-15.

Izifundo zesikali zikhombisile ukuthi ama-grenadiers ahlala isikhathi eside kangakanani emanzini alandelayo:

• izinhlanzi zoLwandle lwase-Okhotsk ziphila kuze kube cishe amashumi amabili;
• amabhomu aseKuril Islands angaphila kuze kube amashumi amane;
• Ama-grenadiers aphile isikhathi eside kuseyizinhlanzi ezivela oLwandle iBering - zihlala iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-55.

Izitha zemvelo ze-grenadier

Isithombe: Indlela i-grenadier ebukeka ngayo

IMacrurus iyinhlanzi eyimfihlo futhi kunalokho enkulu, ngakho-ke inezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo. Inani labantu lilawulwa ukudoba okuhlala njalo nezinhlanzi ezidliwayo ezingavamile ezingaphishekeli ukuzingela okuhlosiwe kwe-grenadier.

Ngokuvamile, i-grenadier iba yisisulu:

• izinhlobo ezahlukene zoshaka abancane. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-Atlantic herring shark, i-sawmill, i-deep-sea goblin shark, i-cat shark;
• imisebe emikhulu yama-gill ayisithupha (enamakhanda amhlophe, engenazo izifundiswa), evame ukuzithela phezu kwezindawo zokuhlala ezingezansi zama-grenadiers;
• I-Atlantic bighead, futhi ehola indlela yokuphila eseduze;
• izinhlobo ezinkulu ze-tuna, ezinye izinhlobo ze-sturgeon;
• i-batizaurus enjengempi kwesinye isikhathi ibanjwa enetheni kanye nama-grenadiers, akhombisa izindawo ezihlala kuzo kanye nokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi i-batizaurus izingele ama-grenadiers.

IMacrurus inezitha ezimbalwa ezingakhubaza kakhulu abantu bayo. Iningi lezinhlanzi ezihlala eduze ne-grenadier zivikelekile noma zisengozini enkulu. Ngenxa yokwakheka komzimba wayo, i-grenadier ayikwazi ukuthuthukisa isivinini esiphakeme lapho indiza kusuka ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye: umsila wayo obuthakathaka nenhloko enkulu kuyivumela ukuthi iphumelele ekufihleni kuphela. Ngasikhathi sinye, ekubeni yinhlanzi engenzi lutho futhi ehlala phansi, i-grenadier ayisebenzisi imihlathi eqinile namazinyo abukhali ukuzivikela.

Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo

Isithombe: Makrurus

IMacrurus iyinhlanzi ebalulekile yezentengiso ebanjwa emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Ngenxa yendlela yayo yokuphila ekujuleni kolwandle, ngokusho kososayensi, ingenye yezinhlanzi "ezihlanzeke kakhulu", njengoba ihlala kukholamu lamanzi elingavaliwe. Izikali ezibukhali ze-grenadier ziyaxebulwa. Isidumbu sinqunywa sibe yizicucu noma kusikwa imichilo kuphela kuso, esithengiswa simisiwe.

Inyama yeGrenadier imhlophe ngombala opinki, ubukhulu obumaphakathi. Pheka njenganoma iyiphi enye inhlanzi emhlophe ephekiwe. IGrenadier caviar nayo iyabaluleka emakethe ngoba ifana ne-salmon caviar ngokubukeka nokunambitheka, kepha inengxenye yamanani aphansi. Amapayipi nokudla okusemathinini kulungiswa kusuka esibindini se-grenadier - kubhekwa njengokudla okumnandi.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: IMacrurus ayinayo i-fishy taste ebukhali, yingakho inyama yayo ithathwa njengesibiliboco. Ifana nenkalankala noma imfanzi ngokunambitheka nokuvumelana.

Yize kudotshwa kakhulu, i-grenadier ayikho onqenqemeni lokuqothulwa. Ukungabikho kwezitha zemvelo kanye nohlobo lwendawo yokuhlala oluyimfihlo, olwandle olujulile kumvumela ukuba agcine abantu ngaphakathi kwemingcele ejwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, kunzima ukusho inani eliqondile labantu, ngoba indlela yokuphila yama-grenadiers yenza kube nzima ukuyifunda.

Macrurus Ingabe inhlanzi emangalisayo. Ngenxa yemvelo nendlela yokuphila, ihlala iyinhlanzi ejwayelekile eyenziwe ngemisebe enganyamalali ngenxa yokudoba komhlaba. Kepha indlela yabo yokuphila yenza kube nzima ezifundweni ezahlukahlukene zososayensi nezazi zemvelo, ngakho-ke kunolwazi oluncane ngale nhlanzi.

Usuku lokushicilelwa: 25.07.2019

Idethi yokubuyekeza: 09/29/2019 ngo-20: 54