Rapan - Lesi yisilwane esidlayo se-gastropod mollusk, esisakazeke kakhulu ogwini loLwandle Olumnyama. Lezi zinhlobo zehlukaniswe zaba ama-subspecies amaningana, ngalinye linezici ezihlukile zangaphandle ezihlukile kanye nesifunda esihlukile sokuhlala. Namuhla, i-rapan ibanjwa njengomkhiqizo wokudla. Kwezinye izifunda, kubhekwa njengesibiliboco esikhethekile. Kudliwa inyama emhlophe kuphela - okungukuthi, umlenze wayo wemisipha. Cishe wonke umuntu owake wavakashela ugu lolwandle olumnyama uneshell yasolwandle evela olwandle njengesikhumbuzo ekhaya.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Rapan
Ama-rapans angaphansi kombuso wezilwane, uhlobo lwama-molluscs, isigaba sama-gastropods, umndeni wama-muricides, uhlobo lwe-rapana. Ososayensi bathi izimbaza zesimanjemanje ezidla inyama zivela kuma-rap rap aseMpumalanga Ekude, ahlala kakhulu emanzini oLwandle lwaseJapan. Zatholwa okokuqala ngo-1947 eTsemesskaya Bay edolobheni laseNovorossiysk.
Ividiyo: Rapan
Izazi ze-Ichthyologists zisikisela ukuthi cishe ngonyaka ngaphambili, umkhumbi owawudlula echwebeni laseMpumalanga Ekude noma ethekwini wawunamathele ibhande lale mollusk kolunye uhlangothi, futhi kanye nomkhumbi wathuthela oLwandle Olumnyama. Ekuqaleni, lolu hlobo lwama-mollusk lwaluphila ngokukhethekile ePeter the Great Bay, eyayihlanganisa nogu loLwandle i-Okhotsk, ugu olusentshonalanga ye-Pacific Ocean, i-Sea of Japan, kanye nezindawo eziseMpumalanga Ekude ze-Russian Federation. Ezifundeni eziningi, lo mmeleli wezitshalo zasolwandle nezilwane zasendle kwaba yinto yokudoba okukhulu.
Ngemuva kokuthi lolu hlobo lwe-mollusk lungene echibini loLwandle Olumnyama, lwasakazeka ngokushesha ezindaweni eziningi: iSevastopol, iCossack Bay, uLwandle iMedithera, iNorth Sea. Ekuqaleni, abantu bebengazi ukuthi benzeni nabantu abakhula ngokushesha bezinto zasolwandle, kepha kancane kancane bafunda ukwenza hhayi kuphela izikhumbuzo ezinhle ezivela e-rapa, kepha futhi nokulungisa ubuciko bangempela bokupheka kubo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-rapan
IRapan inesakhiwo esijwayelekile sabamele leli qembu lokuphila kwasolwandle. Inomzimba othambile negobolondo eliyivikelayo. Igobolondo lifushane kakhulu, linokuma kwesigcawu, ligobeke kancane. Umbala wegobolondo ungahluka kakhulu: kusuka ku-beige, onsundu ngokukhanyayo, kuya kokumnyama, i-burgundy, noma cishe omnyama. Kunezimbambo eziphumayo ebusweni bayo bangemuva. Izimbambo ezijikelezayo zinemivimbo noma amabala amnyama. Ukusuka ngaphakathi, igobolondo kaningi liwolintshi elikhanyayo, elicishe liwolintshi.
Igobolondo linomsebenzi ovikelayo futhi livimbela ukulimala komzimba othambile we-mollusc. Ngaphezu kwama-tubercles, igobolondo linameva amancane. Ubukhulu bomzimba namagobolondo kubantu abahlukene bungahluka. Ngokuvamile, kuya ngeminyaka yomuntu lowo. Izinhlobo zeMpumalanga Ekude zifinyelela usayizi wamasentimitha ayi-18-20 cishe eminyakeni eyi-8-10, ama-Black Sea mollusks anemizimba yobude obungamasentimitha ayi-12-14. Isango lendlu libanzi impela, limbozwe ngohlobo lwesivalo. Uma u-rapana ezwa ukuthi ingozi isondela kanjani, uzivalela ngci izivalo, avale endlini.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Laba bameleli bezitshalo zasolwandle nezilwane banezindlala ezikhethekile ezikhiqiza i-enzyme enombala kalamula. Kukhishwe endaweni yangaphandle, iphendula nge-oxygen, ngenxa yalokho ithola umbala okhanyayo onsomi. Ezikhathini zasendulo, lo mbala wawuphawu lwamandla nobukhulu.
I-Rapana ihlukile kwezinye izidalwa ngokuba khona kolimi olucijile, olwenza umsebenzi we-drill, ukubhoboza amagobolondo ezinhlanzi, asebenza njengomthombo wokudla. Igobolondo, kanye nemollusk, likhula cishe kuyo yonke impilo yemollusk, ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene kunciphisa izinga lokukhula, bese liyakhuphula futhi.
Uhlala kuphi u-rapan?
Isithombe: Black Sea Rapan
URapana uhlala endaweni engasogwini yemizimba ehlukahlukene yamanzi. Isifunda semvelo yabo sihlanganisa indawo efinyelela kumamitha angama-40-50 ukusuka ogwini lolwandle. Izilwandle zaseMpumalanga Ekude zibhekwa njengezwe lomlando le-mollusk. Maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, balethwa endaweni yoLwandle Olumnyama, lapho basakazeka khona ngokushesha.
Izindawo ze-mollusc zokuhlala kwendawo:
- Izifunda eziseMpumalanga Ekude zeRussian Federation;
- Ulwandle Okhotsk;
- Ulwandle lwaseJapan;
- Ugu lwaseNtshonalanga yePacific;
- Ugu loLwandle Olumnyama eSevastopol;
- UKherson;
- IRiphabhulikhi yase-Abkhazia;
- ULwandle iMedithera;
- Chesapeake Bay;
- Umlomo woMfula i-Uruguay;
- Izifunda eziseningizimu-mpumalanga yogu lwaseNingizimu Melika.
ULwandle Olumnyama luhlukaniswa nezimo ezikahle kakhulu zokuhlala kwalaba bameleli bama-mollusk. Kukhona izinga elidingekayo likasawoti kanye nenani elanele lokuphakelwa kokudla. Inani elincane kakhulu lama-molluscs litholakala olwandle i-Adriatic, North, Marmara. KuLwandle Olumnyama, inani le-brapana liphakeme kakhulu ngenxa yokungabikho kwezitha zemvelo ezilawula inani lezinto zasolwandle ngendlela engokwemvelo. I-Rapana ayihlukile ngezidingo eziqinile zezimo zokuphila. Akakhethi indawo yokuhlala yokwakheka kwamanzi noma ikhwalithi yayo. Bazizwa bekhululekile kokubili enhlabathini enesihlabathi nasetsheni.
Manje uyazi lapho i-rapan itholakala khona. Ake sibone ukuthi imollusk idlani.
Yini edliwa yi-rapan?
Isithombe: Rapan olwandle
URapan ngokwemvelo ungumdli. Idla ezinye izinhlobo zempilo yasolwandle. Kulokhu banolimi olunzima, olunamandla futhi olunzima kakhulu. Ngosizo lwayo, imollusk ibhola kalula imbobo egobolondweni futhi idle umzimba wezimila nezilwane zasolwandle. Kwezinye izimo, imollusk ayizihluphi ngisho nangokwenza imbobo egobolondweni, kodwa imane ivule igobolondo ngosizo lomlenze wemisipha, ikhiphe ubuthi futhi idle okuqukethwe kukho. Njengamanje, inani labadlwenguli landa ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi eBlack Sea. U-Rapana cishe akesabi muntu, ngaphandle kwezinkanyezi zasolwandle, eziyingozi kuye.
Okusebenza njengesisekelo sefolishi:
- ama-oysters;
- ama-scallops;
- ama-crustaceans amancane;
- imabula, izinkalankala zamatshe;
- izimbaza;
- ama-scallops;
- izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-molluscs.
Izinhlobo ezincane ze-brapana zihlala phansi bese zondla nge-plankton okokuqala ngemuva kokuzalwa. I-mollusk inamabhangqa amane ama-tentacles. Amabili amabili wezinhlamvu zamehlo namabili amabili ngaphambili. Benza umsebenzi wokuthinta nokusiza ekutholeni ukudla. Ngosizo lwabo, bayababona labo abamele izitshalo zasolwandle nezilwane, abangazidla futhi abangenakukudla.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Shell Rapan
Iningi labantu lihlala ekujuleni okungaba ngamamitha angama-40-50. Umlenze wemisipha ubasiza ukuba bahambe phansi noma enye indawo. Imvamisa, zibekwa emadwaleni noma ezansi futhi kulesi sikhundla zichitha isikhathi sabo esiningi. AmaMolluscs akhula futhi akhule ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngemuva kokuthi izibungu ziphenduke izidlwengu zabantu abadala, ziphenduka izidlakela zangempela. Ngenxa yokuba khona kolimi oluqinile, bangadla noma yini engadliwa yibo. Amagobolondo aqinile akusona isithiyo kubo.
AmaMolluscs yizidalwa ezihamba kancane futhi ezingagijimanga. Ihamba ngomhlabathi ngosizo lwethambo lemisipha, isonge ikhava yokungena ibheke emuva. Ingxenye yekhanda le-mollusk ihlala isesimweni esisebenzayo, iphendukela lapho i-current iletha khona iphunga lokudla okungenzeka. Ijubane elijwayelekile lokuhamba kwabantu abadala alidluli amasentimitha angama-20 ngomzuzu.
Esimweni esizolile, ijubane lokuhamba lingama-10-11 amasentimitha ngomzuzu. AmaMollusks asheshiswa kaningi ngenhloso yokuthola ukudla. I-oxygenation yenzeka ngokusefa amanzi olwandle. Ukuphefumula kwenziwa ngomgudu okhona we-branchial. Isikhathi esiphakathi sokuphila salolu hlobo lwama-molluscs yiminyaka eyi-13-15.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Rapan oLwandle Olumnyama
Ama-rapans izidalwa ezi-dioecious. Abantu besifazane nabesilisa cishe abanakho umehluko obonakalayo ngaphandle. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, ama-mollusk ahlangana ngamaqembu amancane, inani lawo elifinyelela kubantu abangama-20-30. Phakathi kwabo kukhona abantu besilisa nabesifazane. Isikhathi sokuzalela siwela engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo - ukuphela kukaJulayi, Agasti. Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba, inani lokuhlangana lincipha kakhulu, futhi isikhathi sokuzalisa siyaphela kancane kancane.
AmaMolluscs ayizidalwa eziningi kakhulu. Owesifazane ovuthiwe ngokobulili ubeka cishe amaqanda angama-600-1300. Amaqanda asemaphilisi akhethekile anamathela ezimileni zasemanzini, ezixhotsheni zamakhorali nakwezinye izinto ezisolwandle. Ngisho naku-capsule, i-rapana iqala ukukhethwa kwemvelo, lapho kusinda khona abantu abanamandla kakhulu. Okusezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu enqubeni yokuba khona esikhwameni se-capsule kudla izikhuthazi ezincane nezingenamandla. Ngenxa yalokhu, bayasinda futhi bathole amandla.
Ukushiya isikhwama se-capsule, abadlwenguli bacishe bazinza phansi olwandle bese beqala ukuphila ngendlela efanayo naleyo yabantu abadala. Baphila impilo yokuzimela futhi bathole ukudla kwabo. Umthombo oyinhloko wokudla ikakhulukazi i-plankton yasolwandle.
Izitha zemvelo ze-brapana
Isithombe: Igobolondo le-Rapana
Azikho nhlobo izidalwa olwandle ezingondla imfene. Okuwukuphela kwesidalwa esisongela ngempela izimbaza yi-starfish. Kodwa-ke, inani lezitha eziyinhloko ze-mollusk lisanda kwehla laya kumkhawulo. Mayelana nalokhu, hhayi kuphela inani lama-mollusk lenyukile, kodwa futhi nezinga lamanzi olwandle lehle kakhulu.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izimbaza ezindaweni eziningi zendawo yazo zacishe zacekela phansi ngokuphelele ezinye izinhlobo zama-molluscs. KuLwandle Olumnyama, le nkinga iya ngokuya iba yanda emhlabeni jikelele. Ngezikhathi ezithile, lolu hlobo lomzingeli lubanjwa ngamanani amakhulu. Kepha lokhu akunamthelela enanini eliphelele lezinhlanzi.
Kwezinye izindawo, ama-rapanas angumthombo wokudla wezinkalankala zoLwandle Olumnyama, azidla kalula, naphezu kokuvikelwa okuminyene nokuthembekile okufana negobolondo lokuzivikela. Ezifundeni lapho inani le-crayfish liphezulu impela, inani lama-molluscs adlayo lincipha kancane kancane ngamanani. Izazi ze-Zoologists nazo zithi endaweni yase-Far Eastern Russia, inani lama-mollusk lincipha kancane kancane ngenxa yokuphola kanye noshintsho olukhulu ezimweni zezulu. URapan akanazo ezinye izitha zemvelo nezizathu zokwehla kwabantu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-rapan
Namuhla inani lama-rapa likhulu kakhulu. Inani elikhulu kakhulu lama-molluscs liyabonakala kuLwandle Olumnyama. Leli nani lalabamele izitshalo zasolwandle nezilwane ezihlukanisile ngenxa yokwehla okusheshayo kwenani le-starfish. Ukukhula kwesibalo se-rapan kunomthelela omubi okwehlukahlukeni kwezitshalo nezilwane kulezo zifunda lapho izinombolo zazo ziphezulu kakhulu.
Kwezinye izindawo, inani lamanye ama-mollusk licishe labhujiswa ngokuphelele yi-rapa. Lokhu kwaba nomthelela omubi ekuhlanzekeni kwamanzi olwandle, njengoba ezinye zezinhlobo ezingasekho zazihlunga amanzi olwandle, ziwadlulise wona. Kodwa-ke, kanye nomonakalo ongenakuphikwa owenziwa yizinhlanzi, zinikeza nezinzuzo.
Rapan uvame ukusebenzisa igobolondo elilahliwe njengendlu yakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimbaza ngokuvamile zibanjwa ukuze zithole isithiyo sokudoba okuphumelelayo. Umlenze we-clam muscular uyisibiliboco esibalulekile esidingeka phakathi kwabapheki abangochwepheshe emhlabeni jikelele. Ngale njongo, izimbaza zivame ukubanjwa, futhi kwezinye izindawo ngisho nasezingeni lezimboni. Abapheki abaningi abadumile abavela emazweni ahlukene omhlaba bathenga izimbaza ukuze balungiselele ubuciko bangempela bokupheka. Ogwini, ezindaweni zezinhlanzi, kunezitolo zezikhumbuzo lapho ungathenga khona amagobolondo osayizi nemibala ehlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuthinti ngandlela thile inani elikhulu kakhulu lomhlaseli.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 07/24/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/29/2019 ngo-19: 52
