ISider eider (iPolysticta stelleri) noma umgibeli waseSiberia, noma umgibeli omncane.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zomgibeli kaSteller
Umgibeli kaSteller unosayizi ongaba cishe u-43 -48 cm, amaphiko: 69 to 76 cm Isisindo: 860 g.
Lena duck encane - diver, ngalé kwezindaba okuyinto kakhulu efana Mallard. I-eider yehlukile kunamanye ama-eider ekhanda layo eliyindilinga nangomsila obukhali. Umbala wezimpaphe zowesilisa phakathi nenkathi yokukhwelana unemibala egqamile.
Ikhanda linendawo emhlophe, isikhala esizungeze amehlo simnyama. Intamo iluhlaza okotshani, izimpaphe zinombala ofanayo phakathi kwamehlo nomlomo. Enye indawo emnyama ibonakala esifubeni phansi kwephiko. A black collar ozungezayo emphinjeni kanye uyaqhubeka e band ububanzi ukuthi agijimele phansi emuva. Isifuba nesisu kunombala onsundu ngokunsundu, kuphaphathekile ngokuqhathaniswa nezinhlangothi zomzimba. Umsila umnyama. Izimpiko zinombala onsomi ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, enqamula kabanzi ngobubanzi obumhlophe. Izinto zangaphansi zimhlophe. Ama-paw kanye noqhwaku kunombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ezimpapheni zasebusika, owesilisa ubukeka enesizotha futhi ecishe afane nowesifazane, ngaphandle kwezimpaphe zekhanda nesifuba, ezi-variegated - ezimhlophe. Insikazi inezimpaphe ezinsundu ngombala, ikhanda lilula kancane. Izimpaphe zokundiza zemfundo ephakeme ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (ngaphandle kobusika bokuqala lapho zimnyama) futhi zimhlophe okwewebhu ngaphakathi.
Indandatho yokukhanyisa ilula izungeze amehlo.
I-crest encane iwela ngemuva kwekhanda.
Ngokundiza okusheshayo, owesilisa unamaphiko amhlophe nonqenqema olulandelayo; owesifazane unamaphaneli amhlophe amaphiko amhlophe kanye nonqenqema olulandelayo.
Izindawo zokuhlala eler Stider
I-Stider's Eider ifinyelela ogwini lwetundra e-Arctic. Itholakala emadanyini amanzi amasha, eduze nogu, ezindaweni ezinamadwala, emilonyeni yemifula emikhulu. Kuhlala ezindishini zokuma nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene ezindaweni ezinesiqeshana esisogwini esishubile setundra evulekile. Edelta yomfula, ihlala phakathi kweLena moss-lichen tundra. Uncamela izindawo ezinamanzi amasha, usawoti noma amakhemikhali nezindawo ezinamagagasi. Ngemuva kwenkathi yokwakha isidleke, iya ezindaweni ezingasogwini.
Ukusabalala komgibeli weSteller
Isigaxa sikaSteller sisatshalaliswa ngasogwini lwase-Alaska nase-Eastern Siberia. Kuvela ezinhlangothini zombili ze-Bering Strait. Isikhathi sasebusika senzeka phakathi kwezinyoni eningizimu yoLwandle iBering kanye namanzi asenyakatho oLwandlekazi iPacific. Kepha umgibeli weSteller akaveli eningizimu ye-Aleutian Islands. Ikoloni elilodwa elikhulu kakhulu lezinyoni eziwela ngaphezulu eScandinavia emifuleni yaseNorway nasogwini lweBaltic Sea.
Izici zokuziphatha komgibeli weSteller
Abagibeli bakaStellerov yizinyoni ezifundayo ezakha imihlambi emikhulu unyaka wonke. Izinyoni zihlala emihlanjeni eminyene, ezitshuza ngasikhathi sinye ifuna ukudla, azihlangani nezinye izinhlobo. Abesilisa bathule impela, kepha uma kunesidingo, bakhipha ukukhala okubuthakathaka, okufana nokukhala okufishane.
Ama-Eider ayabhukuda emanzini ephakamise umsila.
Uma kunengozi, zisuka kalula futhi ngokushesha kunamanye ama-eider amaningi. Ekundizeni, izimpiko zamaphiko zikhiqiza uhlobo lwehis. Abesifazane baxhumana ngokuhayiza, ukuhhewula noma ngokuhayiza, kuya ngesimo.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kuka-Stider's eider
Isikhathi sokudlela abagibeli bakaStellerov siqala ngoJuni. Izinyoni kwesinye isikhathi zidla ngazimbili ezihlukene endaweni ephansi kakhulu, kepha akuvamile kangako emakoloni amancane kuze kufike kuma-60 izidleke. Isidleke esijulile siqukethe kakhulu utshani, ubulembu futhi sifakwe umkhuhlane. Izinyoni zakha izidleke kuma-hummock noma ezindaweni eziphakathi kwama-hummock, imvamisa ngaphakathi kwamamitha ambalwa wemizimba yamanzi, futhi zicasha kahle phakathi kotshani.
Abesifazane kuphela abafukamela amaqanda, imvamisa avela emaqanda ayi-7 kuya kwayi-9 abambelele.
Ngesikhathi sokufukamela, abesilisa babuthana ngemihlambi emikhulu ngasogwini. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvela kwamachwane, ashiya izindawo zawo zokwakha izidleke. Abesifazane kanye nezingane zabo bathuthela ogwini, lapho bakha khona imihlambi.
Abagibeli bakaSteller bahamba bafinyelela kumakhilomitha angama-3000 ngensimbi. Ezindaweni eziphephile, balinda isikhathi esingabikhona sendiza, bese kuthi lapho beqhubeka nokuthuthela ezindaweni zobusika ezikude kakhulu. Isikhathi se-Molting asilingani ngokweqile. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-eider aqala ukuncibilika ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, kepha eminyakeni ethile i-molt ifinyelela kuNovemba. Ezindaweni zokuncibilika, ama-eider kaSteller akha imihlambi engadlula abantu abangama-50 000.
Imihlambi elingana nayo iyatholakala entwasahlobo lapho izinyoni zakha ngazimbili ezizalanayo. Ukufuduka kwentwasahlobo kuqala ngoMashi e-East Asia, kanti kwenye indawo kuqala ngo-Ephreli, kuvame ukuba phezulu ngoMeyi. Ukufika ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke ekuqaleni kukaJuni. imihlambi Small ahlale kulo lonke ehlobo kule ndawo ubusika at Varangerfjiord.
Ukudla u-Eider ka-Steller
Abagibeli bakaStellerov bayizinyoni ezidla umhlanganiso. Badla ukudla kwezitshalo: ulwelwe, imbewu. Kepha zidla kakhulu ama-bivalve molluscs, kanye nezinambuzane, izibungu zasolwandle, ama-crustaceans nezinhlanzi ezincane. Phakathi nenkathi yokuzalanisa, badla ezinye zezinto eziphila emanzini angenasawoti, kufaka phakathi i-chironomids nezibungu ze-caddis. Ngesikhathi se-molting, ama-bivalve molluscs angumthombo wokudla oyinhloko
Isimo sokongiwa kwesidla sikaStellerov
I-Stellerova Eider iyinhlobo esengozini ngoba ibhekene nokwehla okusheshayo kwamanani, ikakhulukazi kubantu abakhulu base-Alaska. Ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuthola izimbangela zalokhu kwehla, nokuthi abanye abantu bangashintshelwa ezindaweni ezingakahlolwa ebangeni.
Izizathu zokwehla kwenani le-eider ka-Steller
Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi abagibeli bakaSteller yibo okungenzeka bahlupheke ngoshevu womthofu, yize bekuvinjelwe ezweni lonke ukusetshenziswa komthofu ngo-1991. Izifo ezithathelwanayo kanye nokungcoliswa kwamanzi kungathinta inani lama-eider aseSteller ezindaweni zawo zobusika eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Alaska. Abesilisa basengozini ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi se-molting futhi bayizisulu ezilula zabazingeli.
Izidleke ze-Eider zicekelwa phansi izimpungushe zase-Arctic, izikhova ezineqhwa nama-skuas.
Ukuncibilika kweqhwa enyakatho ye-Arctic ngasogwini lwase-Alaska naseRussia kungathinta indawo yokuhlala kwezinyoni ezingavamile. Ukulahleka kwendawo nakho kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemvelo, ukungcoliswa kwemikhiqizo kawoyela kuyingozi kakhulu. Umsebenzi wokwakhiwa kwemigwaqo e-Alaska, owavunywa yi-US Congress ngo-2009, ungashintsha kakhulu indawo yokuhlala isitimela sikaSteller.
Izinyathelo zemvelo
I-European Action Plan for the Conservation of Steller's Eider, eyashicilelwa ngo-2000, yaphakamisa ukuqokwa kwezindawo ezibucayi ezingaba ngu-4.528 km2 ogwini lolondolozo lwale nhlobo. Kuyinto yezinhlobo ezivikelwe eRussia nase-United States. ERussia, umsebenzi uyaqhubeka wokubala izinyoni, kulindeleke ukuthi kudalwe izindawo ezintsha ezivikelwe ezindaweni zobusika ePodshipnik Island nasendaweni eyengeziwe evikelwe eKomandorsky Nature Reserve. IGaga Stellerova iqoshwe kuSithasiselo I no II seCITES.
Thatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa izinsongo zangempela, njengokufaka ubuthi ngamakhemikhali anomthofu, okungcolisa imvelo yamabhizinisi ezimboni. Nciphisa ukudoba i-eider endaweni yokuhlala. Sekela izinhlelo zokuzalisa izinyoni ezingandile ukuze ziphinde ziveze izinhlobo ezingavamile.
