I-Jellyfish uthathwa njengesinye sezidalwa zasendulo ezake zaphila emhlabeni. Baphila eMhlabeni isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokufika kwama-dinosaurs. Ezinye izinhlobo azinabungozi ngokuphelele, kanti ezinye zingabulala ngokuthinta okukodwa. Abantu abafuye izinhlanzi bagcina i-jellyfish ezindaweni zasemanzini, bebuka isigqi sabo esilinganisiwe sempilo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Medusa
Ngokuya ngocwaningo, impilo ye-jellyfish yokuqala yavela emhlabeni eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-650 edlule. Ngaphambi kokuba izinhlanzi zifike emhlabathini. Kusuka esiGrekini μέδουσα kuhunyushwa ngokuthi umvikeli, amandla. Indalo yaqanjwa isazi semvelo uKarl Linnaeus maphakathi nekhulu le-18th ukuhlonipha iGorgon Medusa ngenxa yokufana kwayo kwangaphandle. Isizukulwane seMedusoid yisigaba emjikelezweni wempilo wama creepers. Ungowengxenye engezansi yeMedusozoa. Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-9.
Ividiyo: IMedusa
Kunezigaba ezi-3 ze-jellyfish, eziqanjwe ngokwesakhiwo sazo:
- ibhokisi le-jellyfish;
- i-hydro-jellyfish;
- scyphomedusa.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-jellyfish enobuthi kakhulu emhlabeni ingeyesigaba sebhokisi le-jellyfish. Igama layo iSea Wasp noma i-Box Medusa. Ubuthi bayo bungabulala umuntu cishe emizuzwini embalwa, futhi umbala wayo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ucishe ungabonakali emanzini, okwenza kube lula ukungena kuwo.
I-Turritopsis nutricula ingeye-hydro-jellyfish - uhlobo oluthathwa ngokungafi. Lapho sebekhulile, bacwila phansi olwandle futhi baguquke babe i-polyp. Kwakheka kuwo izakhiwo ezintsha, lapho kuvela khona i-jellyfish. Bangakwazi ukuvuselela isibalo esingapheli sezikhathi kuze kube yilapho omunye umhlaseli esidla.
IScyphomedusa inkulu uma iqhathaniswa namanye amakilasi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi iCyanei - izidalwa ezinkulu, ezifinyelela kumamitha angama-37 ubude nokuba ngesinye sezakhamizi ezide kakhulu emhlabeni. Ukulunywa kwezinto eziphilayo ze-scyphoid kufana nezinyosi futhi kungadala ukushaqeka kobuhlungu.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: iMedusa olwandle
Njengoba izidalwa zingamanzi angama-95%, u-3% kasawoti kanye no-1-2% wamaprotheni, umzimba wawo ucishe ubonakale, unokuthamba okuncane. Bahamba ngokusikwa kwemisipha futhi babukeka njengesambulela, insimbi noma i-disc efana ne-jelly. Kukhona amatende emaphethelweni. Ngokuya ngohlobo, zingaba zifushane futhi ziminyene noma zide futhi zibe mncane.
Inani lamahlumela lingahluka kusuka kwamakhulu amane kuya kumakhulu amaningana. Kodwa-ke, inombolo izohlala iphindaphindeka kwezine, ngoba amalungu ale nhlobo engezansi anokulingana okuningana. Kumaseli wokugwedla we-tentacles kukhona ubuthi, obusiza kakhulu izilwane lapho zizingela.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ezinye izinhlobo ze-jellyfish zingaluma kuze kuphele amasonto ambalwa zife. Abanye bangabulala abantu abangafika kwabangu-60 ngoshevu ngemizuzu embalwa.
Ingxenye engaphandle iyi-convex, njenge-hemisphere, futhi iyashelela. Le engezansi yakheke njengesikhwama, phakathi kwayo kukhona ukuvuleka komlomo. Kwabanye abantu kubukeka njengebhubhu, kwabanye kufushane futhi kukhulu, kwabanye kufana neklabhu. Lo mgodi usiza ekususeni imfucumfucu yokudla.
Kuyo yonke impilo, ukukhula kwezidalwa akuyeki. Ubukhulu ngokuyinhloko buxhomeke kohlobo: kungenzeka zingadluli amamilimitha ambalwa, noma zingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-2,5 ububanzi, nangamathambo, wonke amamitha angama-30-37, aphindwe kabili kunenkomo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ubuchopho nezinzwa akukho. Kodwa-ke, ngosizo lwamangqamuzana ezinzwa, izidalwa zihlukanisa phakathi kokukhanya nobumnyama. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinto azikwazi ukubona. Kepha lokhu akuphazamisi ukuzingela nokusabela engozini. Abanye abantu bayakhanya ebumnyameni futhi babenyezele obomvu noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekujuleni okukhulu.
Njengoba umzimba we-jellyfish ungowakudala, uqukethe izingqimba ezimbili kuphela, ezixhunywe komunye nomunye nge-mesogley - into enamathelayo. Ngaphandle - kuso kukhona okuyisisekelo kohlelo lwezinzwa namaseli wegciwane, angaphakathi - ahlanganyela ekugayeni ukudla.
Ihlala kuphi i-jellyfish?
Isithombe: i-jellyfish emanzini
Lezi zidalwa zihlala emanzini anosawoti kuphela, ngakho-ke ungakhubeka kuzo cishe kunoma yiluphi ulwandle noma ulwandle (ngaphandle kwezilwandle eziphakathi nezwe). Ngezinye izikhathi zingatholakala emachibini ahlanganisiwe noma emachibini kasawoti eziqhingini zamakhorali.
Abanye abamele lolu hlobo banesifo se-thermophilic futhi bahlala ezindaweni zamachibi afudunyezwe kahle yilanga, bathanda ukusakazeka ogwini, kanti abanye bathanda amanzi abandayo futhi bahlala ngokujula kuphela. Le ndawo ibanzi kakhulu - kusuka e-Arctic kuya olwandle olushisayo.
Kukhona uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lwe-jellyfish emanzini amasha - iCraspedacusta sowerbyi, edabuka emahlathini ase-Amazonia aseNingizimu Melika. Manje lolu hlobo seluzinzile kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwase-Afrika. Abantu bangena endaweni entsha yokuhlala nezilwane noma izitshalo ezihanjisiwe ngaphandle kwebanga labo elijwayelekile.
Izinhlobo ezibulalayo zingaphila ezimweni ezahlukahlukene futhi zifinyelele kunoma yisiphi isayizi. Izinhlobo ezincane zikhetha amatheku, amatheku, izizalo zemifula. ILagoon Jellyfish neBlue Executioner zinobudlelwano obuzuzisa bobabili ulwelwe olunama-unicellular, olunamathela emzimbeni wezilwane futhi olungakhiqiza ukudla ngamandla emisebe yelanga.
I-Jellyfish nayo ingondla kulo mkhiqizo, ithuthukise inqubo ye-photosynthesis, ngakho-ke zihlala ebusweni bamanzi. Abantu besihlahla somhlume bagcinwa emanzini angajulile ezimpandeni zemihlume eGulf of Mexico. Bachitha iningi lempilo yabo besesiswini phezulu ukuze ulwelwe luthole ukukhanya okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka.
Manje uyazi lapho i-jellyfish itholakala khona. Ake sibone ukuthi badlani.
Idla ngani i-jellyfish?
Isithombe: Blue jellyfish
Izilwane zibhekwa njengezilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye emhlabeni wethu. Njengoba lezi zidalwa zingenazo izitho zokugaya ukudla, ukudla kungena embotsheni yangaphakathi, okuthi, ngosizo lwama-enzyme akhethekile, ikwazi ukugaya izinto ezithambile eziphilayo.
Ukudla kweJellyfish ikakhulu kuqukethe iplankton:
- ama-crustaceans amancane;
- gazinga;
- inhlanzi caviar;
- zooplankton;
- amaqanda ezidalwa zasolwandle;
- abantu abancane.
Umlomo wezilwane utholakala ngaphansi komzimba omise insimbi. Iphinde isebenze ukukhipha uketshezi emzimbeni. Izingcezu zokudla okungafuneki zihlukaniswa ngomgodi ofanayo. Babamba inyamazane ngezinqubo ezixakile. Ezinye izinhlobo zinamaseli ezintendeni zazo ezikhipha into ekhubazekile.
Ama-jellyfish amaningi angabazingeli abangenzi lutho. Balinda isisulu ukuba sibhukude sodwa ukuze sibadubule ngemigogodla yaso. Ukudla kugaywa ngokushesha emgodini onamathiselwe emlonyeni wokuvula. Ezinye izinhlobo zingabantu ababhukudi abanekhono futhi baphishekele inyamazane yabo "ukuze banqobe."
Ngenxa yokushoda kwamazinyo, akunangqondo ukubamba izidalwa ezinkulu kunawe. UMedusa ngeke akwazi ukuhlafuna ukudla futhi uxosha kuphela okuzongena emlonyeni wakhe. Abantu abancane babamba okunganikeli ukumelana, kuthi labo abakhulu bazingele izinhlanzi ezincane kanye nozakwabo. Izidalwa ezinkulu kunazo zonke empilweni yazo zidla izinhlanzi ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-15.
Izilwane azikwazi ukubona ukuthi zilandela hlobo luni lwezinyamazane. Ngakho-ke, ukubamba inyamazane ngamahlumela, bayakuzwa. Kwezinye izinhlobo, uketshezi olukhishwa ezintanjeni lunamathela ngokuthembekile kulowo ohlukunyezwayo ukuze lungasuki. Ezinye izinhlobo zimunca amanzi amaningi bese zikhetha ukudla kuwo. I-jellyfish enamabala yase-Australia ichitha amathani ayi-13 amanzi ngosuku.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-pink jellyfish
Njengoba abantu abakwazi ukumelana nemisinga yolwandle, abacwaningi bawahlukanisa njengabamele iplankton. Bangakwazi ukubhukuda bamelane nomsinga kuphela ngokusonga isambulela nokucindezela amanzi avela emzimbeni ongezansi ngokusebenzisa ukusikwa kwemisipha. Ijethi ekhiqizwayo iqhubekisela phambili umzimba phambili. Okunye ukubukwa kwe-locomotion kunamathiselwe kwezinye izinto. Izikhwama ezisogwini lwensimbi zisebenza njenge-balancer. Uma i-torso iwela ohlangothini lwayo, imisipha lapho imithambo yemithwalo yemfanelo ebhekele khona iqala ukubamba futhi umzimba uqondane. Kunzima ukucasha olwandle oluvulekile, ngakho-ke ukuba sobala kuyasiza ukufihla kahle emanzini. Lokhu kusiza ukugwema ukuwela kwezinye izinyamazana. Izinto eziphilayo azizingeli abantu. Umuntu angahlushwa yi-jellyfish kuphela lapho egezwa ogwini.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-Jellyfish ingavuselela izingxenye zomzimba ezilahlekile. Uma sehlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili, womabili amahafu azosinda futhi alulame, aphenduke abantu ababili abafanayo. Lapho izibungu zihlukaniswa, kuzovela isibungu esifanayo.
Umjikelezo wempilo wezilwane mfushane. Okuqina kakhulu kunabo bonke kuphila unyaka owodwa kuphela. Ukukhula okusheshayo kuqinisekiswa ngokudla njalo. Ezinye izinhlobo zithambekele ekufudukeni. IGolden jellyfish, ehlala echibini le-jellyfish, exhunywe olwandle ngemigudu engaphansi komhlaba, ibhukuda iye ogwini olusempumalanga ekuseni ibuye kusihlwa.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-jellyfish enhle
Ukudalwa kuzala kabusha ngokocansi noma ngemifino. Kokwehlukile kokuqala, isidoda namaqanda kukhula kuma-gonads, ngemuva kwalokho kuphuma ngomlomo bese kuvundisa, lapho kuzalwa khona i-planula - isibungu. Ngokushesha ihlala phansi bese inamathela kuhlobo oluthile lwetshe, ngemuva kwalokho ifomu le-polyp, elibuye lande ngokuqhamuka. Ku-polyp, izidalwa zendodakazi ziphakanyisiwe komunye nomunye. Lapho kwakhiwa i-jellyfish egcwele ngokugcwele, iyaphuma futhi ihambe. Ezinye izinhlobo zizala ngephethini ehlukile: isigaba se-polyp asikho, amawundlu azalwa ngesibungu. Kwezinye izinhlobo, ama-polyps akha kuma-gonads futhi, ngokudlula izigaba eziphakathi, kuvela izingane kuwo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayoIzilwane zivundile kangangokuba zingabeka amaqanda angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingamashumi amane ngosuku.
I-jellyfish esanda kuzalwa iyondla futhi ikhule, iphenduke umuntu omdala onezitho zangasese ezivuthiwe nokuzimisela ukuzala. Ngakho-ke, umjikelezo wempilo uvaliwe. Ngemuva kokuzala, izinto eziphilayo zivame ukufa - zidliwa yizitha zemvelo noma ziphonswe ogwini.
Izindlala zokuzala zabesilisa zinombala obomvana noma onsomi, abesifazane baphuzi noma basawolintshi. Lapho umbala ukhanya ngokwengeziwe, umuntu omncane uba mncane. Ithoni iyaphela ngobudala. Izitho zokuzala zitholakala engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba ngesimo samacembe.
Izitha zemvelo ze-jellyfish
Isithombe: I-jellyfish enkulu
Uma ubheka i-jellyfish, kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi othile udla inyama yakhe, ngoba izilwane cishe zakhiwe ngamanzi futhi kuncane kakhulu okudliwayo kuzo. Noma kunjalo izitha eziyinhloko zemvelo zezimfudu zasolwandle, ama-anchovies, i-tuna, ukuqunjelwa, i-ocean moonfish, i-salmon, oshaka nezinye izinyoni.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: ERussia, izilwane zazibizwa ngokuthi izingulube zasolwandle. E-China, Japan, Korea, i-jellyfish isasetshenziselwa ukudla futhi ibizwa nge-crystal meat. Kwesinye isikhathi inqubo yokufaka usawoti ihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga. AmaRoma asendulo ayekubheka njengesibiliboco futhi ayephakelwa ematafuleni emadilini.
Ezinhlanzini eziningi, i-jellyfish iyisilinganiso esidingekayo futhi uyondla ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla okwanelisa kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izinhlobo, izidalwa ezinama-gelatinous ziwukudla okuyinhloko. Ukuhlala phansi kukhuthaza izinhlanzi ukuthi zidle i-jellyfish, zibhukule ngokulinganayo nokugeleza.
Izitha zemvelo zalezi zidalwa zinesikhumba esiwugqinsi esisindayo, esisebenza njengesivikelo esihle ezintweni ezihlabayo. Inqubo yokusetshenziswa kokudla ngama-aprons ihlukile impela: zigwinya i-jellyfish encane iphelele, futhi kubantu abakhulu baluma izambulela ezinhlangothini. Echibini le-jellyfish, izinto eziphilayo azinazo izitha zemvelo, ngakho-ke akukho lutho olusongela impilo yazo nokuzala.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Giant jellyfish
Kubo bonke abantu basolwandle, ukungcoliswa komzimba kuyisici esibi, kepha lokhu akusebenzi ku-jellyfish. Muva nje, inani lezilwane kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba belikhula ngokungapheli. Ososayensi abavela e-University of British Columbia babheke ukwanda kwenani lezidalwa ezilwandle.
Abaphenyi babone izinhlobo eziyi-138 ze-jellyfish kusukela ngo-1960. Izazi zemvelo ziqoqe imininingwane kusuka kuma-ecosystems angama-45 kwangu-66. Imiphumela ikhombise ukuthi ezindaweni ezingama-62%, inani labantu lisanda kukhula kakhulu. Ikakhulu, eMedithera naseziLwandle eziMnyama, ugu olusenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-United States, izilwandle zaseMpumalanga Asia, iziQhingi zaseHawaii nase-Antarctica.
Izindaba mayelana nokukhula kwesibalo sabantu zingajabula kakhulu uma ngabe bezingasho ukwephulwa kwemvelo yonke. I-Jellyfish ayigcini nje ngokulimaza imboni yezinhlanzi, kodwa futhi ithembisa ukusha kwababhukudi, ibanga ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwezinhlelo ze-hydraulic, futhi ivale ukungena emanzini kwemikhumbi.
Esiqhingini sasePacific sasePalau, iLake Jellyfish, enendawo engamamitha angu-460x160, ihlala ezinhlotsheni ezingaba yizigidi ezimbili zegolide nezinyanga zezidalwa ezinama-gelatinous. Akukho okuvimba intuthuko yabo, ngaphandle kwalabo abathanda ukubhukuda echibini elifana nejeli. Akunakwenzeka ukuthola inani eliqondile, ngoba idamu limane ligcwele izidalwa ezisobala.
Ukuvikelwa kweJellyfish
Isithombe: UMedusa ovela kwiRed Book
Ngaphandle kokwanda kwenani eliphelele nokwanda kwesibalo sabantu, ezinye izinhlobo zisadinga ukuvikelwa. Maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, i-Odessia maeotica ne-Olindias inexpectata zazivamile, uma zazingavamile. Kodwa-ke, kusukela ngawo-1970, inani laqala ukwehla ngenxa yokwanda kasawoti wezilwandle kanye nokungcoliswa ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi, uLwandle lwase-Azov. Ukuguga kwemizimba yamanzi nokugcwala kwawo ngezinto ezine-biogenic kwaholela ekunyamalaleni kwezinhlobo ze-Odessia maeotica ezivela engxenyeni esenyakatho-ntshonalanga yoLwandle Olumnyama. I-Olindias inexpectata isiphelile ukutholakala ogwini lwaseRomania naseBulgaria olwandle olumnyama nolwe-Azov.
Lezi zinhlobo zibalwe kwiRed Book yase-Ukraine, lapho zinikezwa khona isigaba sezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa, kanye neRed Book yoLwandle Olumnyama nesigaba sezinhlobo ezisengozini. Njengamanje, isibalo siphansi kakhulu ukuthi kutholakala abantu abambalwa kuphela. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, kwesinye isikhathi eTaganrog Bay yoLwandle Olumnyama, izinto eziphilayo zaziba yingxenye enkulu ye-zooplankton.
Ekongweni kwezinhlobo kanye nokukhula kwenani labantu, ukuvikelwa kwezindawo zokuhlala kanye nokuhlanzwa kwamadamu kuyadingeka. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ukwanda kwamanani kuyinkomba yokonakala kwesimo semvelo yasolwandle. EKorea, iqembu labacwaningi lanquma ukulwa nale nkinga ngamarobhothi abamba izidalwa enetheni.
Kwirekhodi lemivubukulo i-jellyfish kwavela ngokungazelelwe futhi ngaphandle kwamafomu esikhashana. Njengoba izidalwa zidinga zonke izitho ukuze ziphile, akunakwenzeka ukuthi noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesikhashana olungenazo izici ezithuthukisiwe luzokwazi ukuba khona. Ngokwamaqiniso, i-jellyfish ibilokhu isesimweni sayo samanje kusukela ngosuku lokudalwa kwabo nguNkulunkulu ngosuku lwesihlanu lweviki (Genesise 1:21).
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 21.07.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/29/2019 ngo-18: 27
