IMfene - uhlobo oluvame kakhulu oluhlala e-Afrika. Zivame ukubalulwa ezincwadini, singazibona kumafilimu wesici nakopopayi. Lezi zinkawu zinolaka olukhulu, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye zizwana ngobuciko nabantu. Ngokubukeka kwazo okumibalabala, izimfene zaqanjwa ngokuthi "izinkawu ezibhekene nenja".
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Imfene
Izimfene zisohlwini lwezinkawu nomndeni wezinkawu. Esigabeni sakudala, kunezinhlobo ezincane ezinhlanu zezimfene, kepha ososayensi bayaphikisana ngokunikezwa kwezinhlobo ezihlukile phakathi kwezigaba.
Ngenkathi ama-subspecies alandelayo ehlukaniswa:
- imfene anubis. Izinyani ezinkulu ezivela e-Afrika Ephakathi;
- sphiwe. Zihlukaniswa ngoboya obukhulu, umhlwenga kanye nekholi ebomvu;
- imfene Guinea. Izinhlobo zezimfene ezingatadiswanga, ummeleli omncane kunayo yonke yalolu hlobo;
- imfene. I-primate encane ekwazi ukuzalana nezinhlobo eziningi zezimfene;
- thwala imfene. Imfene enkulu kakhulu enejazi elincane futhi ihlala eNingizimu Afrika.
Wonke amalungu omndeni wezinkawu anezici zobuntu ezingabonakala ngazo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ikhanda lenja" - isifonyo esincanyana esincishisiwe;
- ukutholakala kwama-canines amakhulu;
- umsila omude ongakaze usetshenziselwe izinjongo zokubamba;
- hamba kuphela ngemilenze emine;
- Cishe zonke izinhlobo zezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezilwane ziveze izingcweti zesayensi.
Umndeni wezinkawu uhlukile kweminye imindeni yezinkawu ngokuba nolaka kwayo hhayi kuphela ngenkathi yokukhwelana. Kwakunezimo lapho izinkawu zomndeni zahlasela izivakashi, zaphahlaza amadokodo asedolobheni, zaphahlaza amawindi ezimoto. Umthethosisekelo womzimba wabo uyazivumela ukuba zihambe ngokushesha futhi zilethe ukushaywa okunamandla, futhi lezi zinkawu ziba ngosayizi ukusuka kokuphakathi kuya kokukhulu.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Imfene emnyama
Abesilisa nabesifazane bayahluka ngosayizi: abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu, bakhulu kunabesifazane. Imvamisa zinomhlwenga ojiyile nobukhulu bemisipha, kanye nama-canine amade, abesifazane abangakwazi ukuziqhayisa ngawo. Ngezindlela eziningi, ukwehluka kobulili okunjalo kungenxa yendlela yokuphila, lapho owesilisa edlala indima yokuqapha izindlukazi.
Ividiyo: Imfene
Umbala wezimfene uhlukile ngokuya ngezinhlobo ezincane nezindawo ezihlala kuzo. Kungaba mpunga omnyama noma ucishe ube mnyama, nsundu, nsundu, beige, mpunga wesiliva. Ngombala wesilisa unganquma iminyaka yakhe, yimane - isimo senhlalo. Abaholi besilisa (kungahle kube nabaningana babo uma abantu bebancane) banomhlwenga ocijile kahle, ojiyile, ohlanganiswe ngokucophelela komunye nomunye.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Umhlwenga nombala wezinduna ezindala kumnyama kakhulu kunaleyo yezingane; ukubekwa phansi okufanayo kuyabonakala nakwabanye abamele izilwane zase-Afrika - izingonyama.
Izimfene nazo zihlukaniswa ngomsila wazo: njengomthetho, mfushane kunezinye izinkawu, ngoba ayenzi misebenzi ebalulekile. Ingxenye yesithathu yomsila, evela ngemuva, iyagoba futhi inamathele, kuyilapho yonke eminye ilenga phansi. Inkawu ayikwazi ukuhambisa umsila onjalo, ayenzi umsebenzi wokubamba.
Izimfene zihamba ngemilenze emine, kodwa imilenze yayo yangaphambili yakhelwe ngokwanele ukwenza imisebenzi yokubamba. Ubude bezimfene ngazinye buhlukile ngokuya ngezinhlobo ezincane: kusuka ku-40 kuye ku-110 cm. Imfene yebhere ingafinyelela isisindo esingama-30 kg. - i-gorilla kuphela enkulu kunazo zonke ezinkawini.
Isifonyo esifana nenja singesinye isici esivelele sezimfene. Inomlomo omude, omncane onamehlo asondele eduze, ikhala elide elinamakhala abheke phezulu. Izimfene zinemihlathi enamandla, okwenza zibe yizimbangi ezinkulu empini, futhi ijazi lazo eliqinile liyazivikela ezilwaneni eziningi ezilumayo.
Ubuso bemfene abuhlanganisiwe ngezinwele noma buncane phansi, obutholwa ngokukhula. Umbala wesifonyo ungaba mnyama, onsundu noma opinki (cishe beige). I-ischial callus iyakhanya, imvamisa imnyama, nsundu, noma ibomvu. Kwabesifazane bama-subspecies athile, iyavuvukala ngesikhathi sokukhwelana futhi ithatha umbala ocebile obomvu.
Ihlala kuphi imfene?
Isithombe :: Inkawu yohlobo lwemfene
Izimfene ziyizinkawu ezinesifo se-thermophilic, kepha indawo yokuhlala uqobo ayibalulekile kuzo. Zitholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo, ezingwadule, ezingwadule, ema-savanna, ezintabeni ezinamadwala nasezindaweni zobumba. Omnivorousness kubenza babe uhlobo oluvamile.
Izimfene zihlala kulo lonke izwekazi lase-Afrika, kodwa ububanzi buhlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezahlukene:
- imfene yebhere itholakala e-Angola, South Africa, Kenya;
- izimfene nama-anubis zihlala enyakatho ne-equator ye-Afrika;
- IGuinea ihlala eCameroon, eGuinea naseSengal;
- ama-hamadryas atholakala eSudan, e-Ethiopia, esifundeni sase-Aden eNhlonhlweni yase-Arabia naseziQhingini zaseSomalia.
Izimfene azibesabi abantu, futhi impilo yazo yokuthanda ukuhlangana ibanikeza ukuzethemba okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, imihlambi yezimfene ihlala emaphethelweni amadolobha noma ezigodini, lapho entshontsha khona ukudla futhi ihlasele izakhamuzi zendawo. Ukumba ezindaweni zokulahla udoti, baba ngabathwali bezifo eziyingozi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, izimfene zaseNhlonhlweni YaseKapa zaphanga amasimu zabulala nemfuyo yezifiki.
Ngokuvamile izimfene zihlala phansi, lapho zihlanganyela khona ekubutheni nasekuzingeleni kaningi. Ngenxa yohlelo olucacile lomphakathi, abazesabi izidlakela, ezifinyelela kalula kunoma yiziphi izinkawu ezisengozini emhlabeni. Uma imfene ifuna ukulala, igibela esihlahleni esiseduze noma kunoma yiliphi igquma, kodwa kuhlala kukhona abalindi bezimfene abakulungele ukwazisa izinkawu ngengozi ezayo.
Izimfene azizakhi izidleke futhi azizenzi izindawo zokukhosela lapho zihlala khona - zimane zondla endaweni ethile bese zifudukela kwenye uma ukudla kuyindlala, ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kuphelile noma kunezilwane ezizingelayo eziningi kakhulu.
Yini edliwa yimfene?
Isithombe: Imfene yaseCameroon
Izimfene ziyizidlakudla, yize zithanda ukudla kwezitshalo. Ekufuneni ukudla, umuntu oyedwa uyakwazi ukunqoba kuze kube ngamakhilomitha angama-60, lapho esizwa khona umbala wokufihla.
Izimfene zivame ukudla:
- izithelo;
- izimpande ezithambile nezilimo eziyizigaxa zezitshalo;
- imbewu notshani obuluhlaza;
- izinhlanzi, ama-molluscs, ama-crustaceans;
- izinkumbi, izibungu ezinkulu nezinye izinambuzane ezinamaprotheni;
- izinyoni ezincane;
- amagundane;
- izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, kufaka phakathi ama-ungulates;
- ngezikhathi ezithile, izimfene zingadla izidumbu uma umhlambi ulambile isikhathi eside, yize zinqena ngokweqile ukwenza kanjalo.
Izimfene - izinkawu azinamahloni noma zinamahloni. Kwesinye isikhathi zingalwa nezilwane ezisanda kudliwa - izingonyama ezincane noma izimpungushe. Futhi, izinkawu, ezijwayelwe impilo emadolobheni, zigijimela ngempumelelo ezimotweni nasezitolo zokudla, lapho kubiwa khona ukudla.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngesikhathi sesomiso, izimfene ziye zafunda ukumba phansi kwemifula eyomile, zikhiphe amaconsi omswakama ukuze ziqede ukoma kwazo.
Imvamisa izimfene zishaya udoti, lapho futhi zibheka khona ukudla. ENingizimu Afrika, izimfene zibanjwa ngezimvu zabomdabu, izimbuzi kanye nezinkukhu. Izimfene zijwayela ukuba ngabahlaseli futhi, uma zizame ngempumelelo ukweba ukudla kanye, zijwayele lo msebenzi unomphela. Kodwa izimfene yizilwane eziqinile, ezivumela ukuba zihlale zingadlile noma ziphuze isikhathi eside.
Manje uyazi ukuthi imfene idlani. Ake sibone ukuthi uhlala kanjani endle.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Imfene
Izimfene yizilwane ezivilaphayo ezihola impilo yasemhlabeni. Ngokunjalo, badinga uhlelo oluhle lokuvikelwa ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, olunikezwa isigaba sabaphathi esiqinile. Kukhona cishe abesilisa abayisithupha nabesifazane abaphindwe kabili emhlambini wezimfene. Umholi ungumholi - imvamisa imfene endala. Uqondisa ukunyakaza komhlambi uyofuna ukudla, uyisivikelo esikhulu somhlambi, futhi ungowokuqala ukuzibandakanya empini nabahlaseli bezilwane abahlaselayo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kwesinye isikhathi kufike abesilisa ababili noma abathathu bezoketula umholi wesilisa oqinile, bese bebusa ndawonye.
Izinsizwa ezisencane ezingaphansi komholi nazo zinobukhosi bazo: phakathi kwazo kunabaphezulu nabaphansi. Isimo sabo sibanikeza ithuba ekukhetheni ukudla, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, uma sikhuphuka isimo, kulapho owesilisa kufanele abambe iqhaza ekuvikeleni okusebenzayo komhlambi.
Izinsizwa ezisencane zibuka ubusuku nemini ukubona ukuthi umhlambi usengozini yini. Izimfene zinezimpawu zemisindo ezingaphezu kwamashumi amathathu ezazisa ngemicimbi ethile, kuhlanganisa naleyo eshaqisayo. Uma kutholakala umhlaseli onobungozi, umholi uyashesha kuye, esebenzisa imihlathi emikhulu nezinyo elibukhali. Uma umholi engakwazi ukubhekana nesimo, abanye abesilisa bangasiza.
Izinsizwa ezisencane nazo zibamba iqhaza kwezokuvikela uma umhlambi uhlaselwa yiqembu. Bese kuba nokulwa, lapho kuhlala kufile khona - hhayi ngasohlangothini lwezinkawu ngaso sonke isikhathi. Izimfene zilwa ngokungenaluzwela, zisebenza ngendlela ehlelekile, yingakho izilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye zivele zizidlule.
Ingxenye ebalulekile empilweni yezimfene ukuzilungisa - ukuhlanganisa izinwele. Kubonisa futhi isimo senhlalo yesilwane, ngoba umholi wepakethe uhamba kakhulu "ekhutshwe ngaphandle". Kukhona futhi isigaba sokuzilungisa phakathi kwabesifazane, kepha asithinti isimo sabo senhlalo ngokujwayelekile: bonke abesifazane bavikelwe ngokulinganayo ngabesilisa.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Baby Baboon
Umholi wephakethe kuphela ongakwazi ukukhwelana ngokungapheli, bonke abanye besilisa, ingxenye enkulu, abanalo ilungelo lokuhlangana nabesifazane nhlobo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umholi unezimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu ezisiza izinkawu zisinde - amandla, ukukhuthazela, ulaka. Yilezi zimfanelo okufanele zidluliselwe kubantwana abangaba khona.
Indoda endala eneminyaka engu-9 iqala iziqu zayo zabesifazane. Abesilisa abaneminyaka engama-4-6 ubudala banesifazane esisodwa, noma bangenazo nhlobo. Kepha lapho owesilisa esekhulile iminyaka eyi-15, izidleke zakhe ziyahlakazeka kancane kancane - abesifazane baya kwabesilisa abasebasha.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ubudlelwano bobungqingili abuvamile phakathi kwezimfene. Kwesinye isikhathi abesilisa ababili abasha baketula umholi omdala besebudlelwaneni bobungqingili.
Izimfene azinaso isikhathi sokuzala - ezinsikazi zikulungele ukukhwelana zineminyaka emithathu. Izimfene zilwela izinsikazi, kepha imvamisa abesilisa abancane bayalibona ilungelo elingenakuphikiswa lokukhwelana nomholi. Unesibopho esikhulu, ngoba akabashiyi abesifazane nabesifazane abakhulelwe namazinyane abo bodwa - ubatholela ukudla futhi uxhumana njalo nenzalo. Izinsizwa ezisencane, ezithole insikazi eyodwa, ziziphatha ngendlela efanayo, kepha zinobuhlobo obuseduze naye.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingaba ngu-160, imfene encane inesisindo esingaba ngama-400 g. Ibambelela ngokuqinile esiswini sikamama ngezidladla zayo, futhi kulokhu umama uhamba nayo. Lapho ingane ikhula futhi iyeka ukuncela ubisi, ingalandela umama - lokhu kwenzeka lapho inezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izimfene zinesici esivamile phakathi kwezimfene okuthiwa ama-pygmy. Uma kuvela ukungqubuzana phakathi komhlambi, kwesinye isikhathi i-hormone yolaka iphenduka ibe ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni okuvusa ucansi, futhi esikhundleni sokulwa, izimfene ziyaya ocansini.
Ezinyangeni ezine, kuqala inkathi yenguquko - izinwele zemfene ziyakhanya, ziyajiya, zithola isici sombala we-subspecies. Izilwane ezisencane zimunye eqenjini, lapho kusungulwa khona isigaba sabo sobukhosi. Eminyakeni engu-3-5 ubudala, abesilisa bavame ukushiya umhlambi ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi abesifazane abancane bakhetha ukuhlala nonina, bahlala endaweni yabo ebusheni bomhlambi.
Izitha zemvelo zemfene
Isithombe: Imfene ebunjiwe
Izilwane ezidla ezinye zithanda ukweqa amaphakethe ezimfene, kepha zingahlasela insikazi eyodwa, amawundlu, noma izimfene ezisencane ezishiye iphakethe zineminyaka emihlanu.
Izimfene zivame ukubhekana nalezi zitha ezilandelayo:
- imihlambi yezingonyama;
- izingulule;
- izingwe yizitha eziyinhloko zezimfene, njengoba zicasha ngobuciko ezihlahleni;
- izimpisi abaholi bezimfene abaziqaphelayo;
- izimpungushe, izimpisi ezibomvu;
- izingwenya;
- kwesinye isikhathi izimfene zikhubeka ngemamba emnyama, ebabulala ngoshevu ngokuzivikela.
Izidlakudla azisongeli isibalo semfene, ngoba zingalwa nanoma ngubani. Zijikijela isitha eqenjini elikhulu, zikhipha ukukhala futhi zishaye phansi ngezidladla zazo, zikhiqize umphumela oshaqisayo kusongo. Abesifazane imvamisa abadingi ukuzivikela njengoba begadwe ngabesilisa.
Indoda endala, njengomthetho, iyakwazi ukubhekana nanoma yisiphi isongo uqobo. Imvamisa imfene ingabonakala uma ilwa nengwe, lapho umhlaseli evame ukuphuma khona njengesahluleki - iphuma masinyane enkundleni yempi, kwesinye isikhathi ithole amanxeba abucayi emihlathini ebukhali yenkawu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Imfene
Yize iqiniso lokuthi izimfene ziluhlobo oluvame kakhulu, kusesekhona usongo lokuqothulwa esikhathini esizayo. Lokhu kwenziwa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okusebenzayo kanye nokwakhiwa kwama-savanna nama-steppes, lapho kuhlala khona izimfene.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuzingela ngokungemthetho kanye nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuthinte imiphefumulo yezilwane ezinjengezingonyama, izingwe nezimpisi, eziphakathi kwezitha eziyinhloko zezimfene. Lokhu kuvumela izimfene ukuba zande futhi zizale ngokungalawuleki, okwenza ezinye izifunda zase-Afrika zigcwale ngalezi zinhlobo zemfene.
Ukwanda kwesibalo sezilwane kuholela ekutheni izimfene zihlangana nabantu. Izinkawu ziyingozi, zinolaka futhi zithwala izifo eziningi, futhi zibhubhisa amasimu nemfuyo.
Izimfene ziyisibonelo esihle ososayensi abangasicwaninga, ngoba banezigaba zokulala ngendlela efanayo kagesi kubantu. Futhi, abantu nezimfene banesistimu efanayo yokuzala, isenzo esifanayo samahomoni nezinqubo ze-hematopoiesis.
Ukufuya okugadiwe kwezimfene ema-zoo kuyindlela enhle yokulawulwa kwabantu. Ngaphandle kobudlova, imfene - isilwane esihlakaniphile, okwenza ukuthi sifunwe kakhulu ocwaningweni.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 18.07.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/25/2019 ngo-21: 24
