I-tit evamile eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okuthiwa i-titmouse encane, ependwe esibhakabhakeni esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuphuzi okugqamile. Emsebenzini wesayensi waseLinnaean "uSystema Naturae" lo mmeleli womuntu odlulayo wanikezwa igama elithi Cyanistes caeruleus.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Inyoni ejwayelekile eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Isihloko esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, njengoba le nyoni yasehlathini nayo ibizwa kanjalo, sichazwe ngusosayensi wezinto eziphilayo waseSwitzerland uKonrad Gesner ngo-1555 njengoParus caeruleus, lapho igama lokuqala lalisho "titmouse" futhi elelesibili lisho "blue blue" noma "azure". Igama lesimanje - AmaCyanistes livela kumaKuanos asendulo amaGreek, okusho nokuthi okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okukhanyayo.
Izinsalela ezindala zamabele zatholakala eHungary futhi zabuyela emuva ePliocene. Okhokho be-tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka bahlukane negatsha elikhulu lamatiti futhi bangaphansi kwalo mndeni. Abanye abayisishiyagalolunye abamele banezici ezifanayo zokuziphatha, ezihlukaniswa ngama-subspecies, banokuhluka okuncane ekubukeni nasezimilweni, kanye nezindawo ezihlukene zokuhlala. I-Blue tit itholakala eYurophu nase-Asia, lapho abamele ama-subspecies ahlukene atholakala ezindaweni ezincane kakhulu.
Ividiyo: I-Common Blue Tit
Isihlobo esiseduze se-blue tit yi-African blue tit Cyanistes teneriffae. Uhlala eCanary Islands nasengxenyeni esenyakatho yogu lwase-Afrika. Abanye ochwepheshe bathi laba bameleli bohlobo oluhlukile, ngoba banezici zofuzo, ngesimo sempilo nokucula. Futhi, lolu hlobo lwamabele aluphenduli izingcingo zabanye abantu baseCyanistes caeruleus. Ama-subspecies ultramarinus angabhekwa njengokushintshana phakathi kwe-Eurasia enkulu neCanary.
I-tit tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ihlala yonke indawo kusuka endaweni engaphansi komhlaba kuya ebhande elisentshonalanga laseYurophu nasengxenyeni esentshonalanga ye-Asia. Eduzane nengxenye esempumalanga yebanga, lapho kutholakala khona enye i-titmouse - emhlophe, ama-hybridi abizwa nge-blue tit noma i-Pleske tit angavela.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: i-Eurasian tit tit, noma i-blue tit
Lolu hlobo lwe-titmouse lincane kunamanye amalungu amaningi omndeni, yize ama-blue tits engewona amancane kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, njengama-muscovites. Ubukhulu bomzimba bungu-12 cm ubude, i-wingspan ingu-18 cm, isisindo silinganiselwa ku-11 g.Izinyoni zinomlomo omncane, kodwa obukhali omnyama nomsila omfushane. Imilenze iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi namehlo ansundu.
Ingaphezulu lekhanda liluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokugqamile, isiphongo ne-occiput zimhlophe. Ngezansi kwekhanda kufakwe umugqa omnyama oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oqala ngomlomo, udlule umugqa weso. Ngemuva kwekhanda, lo mugqa uyavuleka bese wehlela ezansi kwentamo. Umucu wombala ofanayo wehla ubheke phezulu uqhamuka emlonyeni, bese ugijima ulayini womphimbo, uxhuma ngemuva kwekhanda, uzungeze izihlathi ezimhlophe.
Ingemuva lekhanda, umsila nezimpiko kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti emuva kunombala ophuzi ngokuluhlaza okotshani, ongahluka kuye ngomuntu ngamunye, kuya ngezinhlobo zokuhlala kanye nendawo ezihlala kuyo. Isisu sinombala ophuzi ojulile onomugqa omnyama ophakathi nendawo. Isabelo se-blue tit sinesibopho sombala ophuzi wezimpaphe. Uma imenyu iqukethe amacimbi amaningi aphuzi ngokuluhlaza ane-carotene pigment, umbala ophuzi ugcwele kakhulu.
Iziqongo zezembozo zamaphiko zinemibala emhlophe, edala umugqa oguqukayo ubheke ngemuva okwesibhakabhaka. Umbala wabesifazane ubukeka kancane, kepha umehluko cishe awubonakali. Ama-tit amancane aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka aphuzi ngokwengeziwe, ngaphandle kwekepisi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti okwesibhakabhaka kunombala ompunga.
Ihlala kuphi i-tit evamile eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka?
Isithombe: Blue Tit eRussia
Inyoni ekhanya ngokuluhlaza izinzile kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ngaphandle kwalezo zifunda ezisenyakatho lapho kungekho hlathi khona. Eningizimu, indawo yokwabiwa ihlanganisa inyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika, iziQhingi zaseCanary, e-Asia ifinyelela ezifundeni ezisenyakatho zeSyria, Iraq, Iran.
Lezi zinyoni ezinemibala egqamile zithanda amahlathi ahlabayo, lapho ezizwa kahle ngokulinganayo, kokubili ehlozini nasemaphethelweni, osebeni lwemifula nemifudlana. Ezinhlotsheni zezihlahla, ikhetha izihlahla ze-oki neze-birch, amahlathi eminyezane, futhi ungazithola nasemahlathini ahlanganisiwe.
Ezindaweni ezomile, bakhetha ukuhlala emathafeni asezikhukhuleni nasogwini lwamachibi. I-Blue tit ivumelane kahle nezimo zasemadolobheni, ihlala kalula emapaki naseziqiwini zamahlathi, izikwele, izingadi, ikhetha lezo zindawo lapho kunezihlahla ezindala eziyize.
Amahlathi e-Broadleaf asebenza njengekhaya lezinyoni eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka e-Afrika, ikakhulukazi, lezi yizinhlobo ezahlukene ze-oki:
- IsiPutukezi;
- okungaphansi;
- itshe.
ELibya naseMorocco, ihlala emahlathini omsedari nasezihlahleni zemijunipha. Ama-subspecies esiqhingi avela eMedithera ahlala emahlathini ekamu nasesundu. Ama-biotopes ayizintandokazi emazweni ase-Asia: i-oki, uphayini, amahlathi omsedari.
Eningizimu yesifunda lesi, i-tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iphakama kakhulu ezintabeni:
- I-Alps efinyelela ku-1.7 m m;
- AmaPyrenees afinyelela kumamitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-1.8;
- ICaucasus ifinyelela kumamitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-3.5;
- Ama-Zagros afinyelela ezinkulungwaneni ezimbili m.
Manje uyazi lapho kuhlala i-tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Kudlani i-tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka?
Isithombe: Blue Tit
Inyoni encane inenzuzo enkulu, ibhubhisa izinambuzane zasehlathini. Izinambuzane zakha u-4/5 wokudla kwakhe. Esifundeni ngasinye, kunikezwa isethi ethize ekhubaza izitshalo, lezi izinambuzane ezincane kakhulu nezibungu zazo, izicabucabu, imikhaza, izintwala.
Iqiniso elihehayo: I-Blue tit ayizibambi izinambuzane emoyeni, kepha ziyaziqoqa kanye nesiqu namagatsha, kuyaqabukela kwehlele phansi.
Ngokuya ngesikhathi sonyaka kanye nomjikelezo wokuphila wezinambuzane, ukwakheka kwemenyu kungashintsha. Ngakho-ke entwasahlobo, ngenkathi izibungu zingakaveli, ama-arachnids angumkhiqizo wokudla oyinhloko. Ebusika, zikhipha ngaphansi kwegxolo lezinambuzane neziphungumangathi zazo, ezifihle ubusika, isibonelo, uvemvane olunomsila wegolide.
Ehlobo, kumenyu yabo:
- izimbali zamabhungane;
- amacimbi we-gypsy moth;
- amacimbi ama-rollers amaqabunga;
- sawflies;
- umvukuzi we-chestnut moth;
- ibhu lehlosi elinokhuni;
- izintuthwane;
- izimpukane;
- ama-centipedes;
- ama-arachnids;
- i-hemiptera;
- iphiko le-retina.
Bakhuthele kakhulu basengozini yokubhujiswa kwama-aphid. Izinyoni zihlolisisa amagatsha ngokucophelela zifuna inyamazane entsha. Bakwazi ukulengisa emaphethelweni ohlangothini olubheke phansi, becofa izinambuzane ezincane. Ngenkathi ebandayo, lapho kungekho zinambuzane, i-blue tit iya ukuyotshala ukudla, okubandakanya imbewu nezithelo.
Ngokwengxenye enkulu, lezi ziyimbewu:
- i-birch;
- umsayipuresi;
- kudliwe;
- izihlahla zikaphayini;
- isihlahla se-okhi;
- imephu;
- umabhebhana.
Izinyoni ziqoqa imbewu otshanini obuphuma ngaphansi kweqhwa, zifuna izinambuzane ezihlala ebusika ngeziqu. Ekupheleni kwenkathi ebandayo, iningi lokudla liqala ukuhlala ngempova kanye nama-anthers avela ku-catkins we-willow, alder, willow, ne-aspen.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Isisindo, ukwakheka komzimba, iphiko, umsila nemilenze ye-tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuyisiza kalula ukubambelela emaphethelweni amagatsha, amahlamvu ngisho nasekulenga izikhumba.
Beza ngokuzithandela ukuzodla emikhombeni yokudla, ebekwa ngabantu emapaki, ezindlwaneni zasehlobo, ezingadini, lapho badla khona imbewu ye-sunflower, okusanhlamvu, ubhekeni.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Inyoni ejwayelekile eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
I-Blue tit yizinyoni ezixakeke ngokweqile futhi ezingaphumuli, zindiza ngokungakhathali amagatsha ziye egatsheni, zimatasa zifuna ukudla. Indiza yazo nayo iyashesha, i-wavy iphethini, ngenkathi amaphiko esebenza ngokushesha okukhulu. Kulenga emagatsheni, ama-birdies enza ukuqubuka komzimba okubonisa ukuhlangana okuhle kokuhamba.
Abantu abadala, ne-blue tit baphila isilinganiso seminyaka engu-4.5, bahlala phansi. Abantu abasha, behlola indawo ezungezile, bafuna izindawo ezintsha, kodwa izindawo zokuhlala eziningi ezindaweni ezintsha nge-blue tit azivamile.
Amablue blue anephalethi elicebile lemisindo kunamanye amalungu omndeni we-tit. Lokhu ukuphindaphinda okuningi kwe- "qi" ezwakalisiwe, i-trill efanayo ye-sonorous, ishaya, itshiyoza lapho ihlangana nezinye izinyoni emhlambini.
Lapho isidleke, i-tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ifuna umgodi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi zisebenzisa ezingenalutho zomunye umuntu, kwesinye isikhathi zihlala ezindaweni ezingalindelekile kakhulu: amabhokisi eposi, uthango noma izimpawu zomgwaqo. Kwezinye izindawo, basebenzisa imigodi nemigodi ezitsheni. Lawa mazinyane amancane angena ngesibindi empini nezinhlobo ezinkulu zomndeni, evikela lapho ahlala khona.
Ngaphakathi komgodi, uma ungavulekile ngokwanele, futhi izinkuni zithambile, zibolile, tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zingakhipha futhi zisuse izinkuni ezeqile. Ngaphakathi, isidleke esiyindilinga esime njengendishi sakhiwe ngamagxolo, utshani, uvolo, izimpaphe, ubulembu. Ukwakhiwa kwesidleke senyoni kuqala ekupheleni kukaMashi nangaphambi kwezinsuku zokuqala zika-Ephreli. Lokhu kuthatha cishe amasonto amabili. Kuwo wonke uhhafu wokuqala wosuku, i-tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iyaqoqa futhi ilethe okokusebenza futhi indize ize iye emgodini nayo ngehora kuya ezikhathini ezingamashumi amathathu.
Isidleke sakhe sifinyelela cishe kumasentimitha ayisithupha ngosayizi wethileyi. Amaqabunga omile otshani, amahhashi, izinwele zezilwane zasendle nezasekhaya, phansi nezimpaphe zezinyoni ezahlukahlukene, ubulembu, konke kuhlangene ngokucophelela futhi kunokufakwa okushisayo okuhle. I-flyhole ye-tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nayo ihlala ihlanzwa ngokucophelela, futhi isidleke uqobo, ngesikhathi izingane zikhula, sifana nokuzizwa.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izazi zemvelo ezivela e-UK ziqaphele ukuthi izimbotshana eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zibhoboza izimbobo emabhokisini obisi futhi zidle izinsalela zawo. Bakujwayele lokhu kudla kwazise bekuyisiko ukushiya ubisi emnyango wendlu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-tit tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Lezi zithumane ezincane zithanda ukuhlangana emhlambini, ezingabonakala zizungeze abaphakeli ebusika noma emagatsheni e-hawthorn, ash ash, lapho bafuna khona ukudla ndawonye. Ngenyanga yokugcina yasebusika, la maqembu ayahlakazeka, abesilisa babheka futhi babone indawo. Baqala ukuyivikela, bekhombisa ukuhlukunyezwa kwamanye amaduna angama-blue.
Imidlalo yokukhwelana yalezi zinyoni iyinkimbinkimbi:
- indiza eshayayo;
- ukusuka okuphezulu;
- ukundiza ngamaphiko nomsila osakazekile;
- shesha ngokushesha.
Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa bazama ukubonakala bekhudlwana, baphakamise izimpaphe ngemuva kwamakhanda abo, bakha i-crest, ba-fluff up, bachithe izimpaphe emaphikweni nasemsileni, benze umdanso wesiko phansi. Lapho behlangane nomlingani wabo, abesilisa bahlala bethembekile kuye, futhi ukwakheka kombhangqwana omusha kuphawulwa ngokucula ngokuhlanganyela.
Ngo-Ephreli, lezi zithandani ziqala ukufuna isidleke bese zakha isidleke. Indawo enjalo itholakala ngaphezu kwamamitha amabili, ubukhulu be-taphole akufanele budlule ububanzi obungu-30 cm, kungenjalo izinyoni ezinkulu kanye nezilwane ezizingelayo zizongena kuwo.
NgoMeyi, amaqanda abekwa, i-clutch ingabala amaqanda ayisithupha kuya kwayi-12, emahlathini aqinile aseYurophu, inani elikhulu lizalelwa - kuze kufike kumaqanda ayi-13 - 14. Uma i-clutch inkulu kakhulu, kungasho ukuthi abesifazane ababili basebenzisa isidleke. Emahlathini ahlanganisiwe nama-conifers esidlekeni, azikho izingcezu ezingaphezu kwezingu-7, emapaki wedolobha inani lazo lincane.
Amaqanda amhlophe anama-buffy specks angaba ngu-16 mm ubude no-12 mm ububanzi, isisindo esimaphakathi esingu-0.9 - 11 g. Insikazi ifukamela ibamba amasonto ama-2, kanti umlingani ngalesi sikhathi uthola ukudla akumlethele njalo uhhafu wehora. Uma umama ethatha isinqumo sokuyofuna ukudla eyedwa, khona-ke umboza ngokucophelela okundlalwayo ngokulala. Lapho isidleke sisengozini, lezi zithandani ngesibindi zizama ukusivikela, kuyilapho izinyoni zenza umsindo noma imisindo ebhuza.
Amachwane anqunu azalwa kancane kancane, kwesinye isikhathi lesi sikhathi sithatha izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, azikwazi ukuzivikela futhi umama onakekelayo uzimboza ngomzimba wakhe, futhi ubaba unakekela ukudla. Ngemuva kwesonto, bobabili abazali baphuma ngokungakhathali beyozingela izinambuzane zokondla inzalo ekhulayo.
Emasontweni amathathu, amatshwele ayaqina futhi ashiye ikhaya labazali, lokhu kwenzeka engxenyeni yokuqala kaJulayi. Ngezinye izinsuku eziyi-7 - 10, abazali bayaqhubeka nokondla amaphuphu. Kwezinye izifunda, izinyoni zenza amaqubu amabili ngesizini ngayinye, lapho-ke igagasi lesibili lenzalo lizimela ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti.
Izitha zemvelo ze-blue tit
Isithombe: Blue tit indiza
Ngezitha eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okokuqala, izinyoni ezidla inyama: oklebe, izikhova. Ngisho nejay ejwayelekile noma inkanyezi encane ingabhubhisa isidleke se-tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, idle amaqanda noma izingane ezingenakuzivikela.
Abamele abancane bama-mustelids bangangena emgodini we-titmouse, kepha indawo abahlala kuyo ayihambelani kakhulu namabele aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ama-weasel amancane kuphela angangena kalula emgodini futhi abhubhise wonke ama-brood. Ezinkulu: ama-ferrets, ama-marten awakwazi ukungena emgodini wokungena, kepha angazingela izingane ezisanda kuphuma esidlekeni futhi ezingakwazi ukundiza kahle.
Emapaki asemadolobheni, ezingadini, ezindaweni ezisemuva kwegceke, i-blue tit ibhajwe ngamakati. Ngisho namagundane, izingwejeje ezimpunga nokubomvu zingangena emgodini, zidle ngamaqanda, uma imbobo yokungena ikuvumela ukuthi yenze lokhu.
Izimo zezulu ezimbi nazo zingabangelwa izitha zamabele. Uma ngoMeyi nangoJulayi, ngesikhathi sokondla amaphuphu, kunesimo sezulu esibandayo semvula, khona-ke ukudla okuyinhloko - amacimbi, kubonakala kukuncane. Kunzima kakhulu ukugcina inzalo enempilo yamabele aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezimweni ezinjalo.
Ezidlekeni zezinyoni kutholakala izidumbu. Ama-tit tit amadala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka atheleleka kakhulu ngawo ngemuva kwamaphuphu avele esekhulile. Lokhu kuvimbela izinyoni ekwenzeni i-clutch yesibili.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Abaqaphi bezinyoni baphawula ukuthi amabele aluhlaza abeka amaqanda okwesibili awaphonsa ngenxa yamazeze nezinye izimuncagazi, ngaleso sikhathi ezazinqwabelene ngobuningi esidlekeni.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: I-tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ubuye abe ne-blue tit
IBlue Tit ihlala kuzo zonke izifunda zaseYurophu ezinesimo sezulu esipholile neMedithera, ayikho e-Iceland nasenyakatho yeScotland kuphela, nasenyakatho yeScandinavia, eFinland naseRussia. Umngcele osenyakatho wale ndawo uhamba ngama-67, ushintshela ku-65th parallel, usondela ezinhlwini ezisempumalanga yomngcele e-Urals, wehlela ku-62 ° N. sh. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, lolu hlobo lwama-titmouses luye lwatholakala endaweni eseningizimu yehlathi laseWestern Siberia. Kuyikhaya, ngokusho kokulinganisela okulinganiselwe, kuze kufinyelele ezigidini ezingama-45 zezinyoni.
E-Asia, izinhlobo zamaCyanistes caeruleus zitholakala e-Iraq, Iran, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Lebanon, Syria. E-Afrika - eMorocco, eLibya, eTunisia. Kukhona ukuthambekela okuphezulu ezinombolweni zalezi zinyoni ezinhle yonke indawo.
Lawa ma-titmouses ahlala ezifundeni eziseningizimu. Enyakatho, ngenkathi ebandayo, bathuthela ezindaweni ezifudumele - eningizimu noma entshonalanga, ezintabeni, lapho kubanda khona, izinyoni zehlela eduze kwezigodi. Ukuhamba okunjalo kuhlotshaniswa nokuba khona noma ukungabikho kwesisekelo sokudla esanele. Futhi, ubusika besithwathwa bunikela ekuhambeni okude.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: I-Blue tit yaseBritish Isles ayivamile ukundiza ibanga elingaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-30, futhi labo bantu abatholakala ngaphakathi kogu lwaseBaltic bangenza uhambo olude, bafinyelele ogwini oluseningizimu yeMedithera, sebehambe amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili. Ukufuduka okunjalo ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka kuqala ekupheleni kukaSepthemba.
I-Red Data Book ibeka lolu hlobo lwezinyoni njengolwenza ukungakhathazeki okuncane, ngokujwayela ukwanda. Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okukhanyayo ngesisu esiphuzi i-blue tit kungumhlobiso wamahlathi nezingadi. Lesi sisebenzi esingakhathali sidla izinambuzane eziningi ngonyaka kunezinye izinyoni. Ukuze uzihehe ezingadini zakho nasezakhiweni ezingasemuva, ungalengisa ama-feeder namabhokisi ezidleke anembobo encane ye-taphole.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 17.07.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 25.09.2019 ngo-20: 55
