I-karakurt (Latrodectus tredecimguttatus) kanye nomfelokazi omnyama oshisayo (Latrodectus mactans) abahlala emazweni elaliyiSoviet Union bangamalungu ezinhlobonhlobo zohlobo lwesicabucabu olufanayo - iBlack Widow. Mhlawumbe yingakho igama elijwayelekile linamathele ngokuqinile kubantu basekhaya abanolaka kakhulu.
Ijografi yabafelokazi abamnyama
Kwabamele uhlobo, ukulungiswa kwama-arachnids anobuthi kakhulu kulungisiwe. Lesi sitatimende siyiqiniso kuma-arthropods ahlala eziqhingini zase-Oceania, e-Australia naseNyakatho Melika. Abomdabu bancamela ukunyathela inyoka yenyoka kunofelokazi omnyama onaye ubuthi obunamandla (edlula inyoka amahlandla ama-15).
IKarakurt ihlala emahlane nasehlane lase-Afghanistan, eNyakatho Afrika, e-Iran naseningizimu yeYurophu, kufaka phakathi izifunda ezithile zaseMedithera.
Abafelokazi abamnyama bendawo baziwa kahle kubahlali bamazwe angomakhelwane:
- I-Asia Ephakathi.
- Kazakhstan.
- Izifunda Southern of Ukraine.
- ICaucasus.
IKarakurt ifike eningizimu ye-Urals, inabantu abalumayo ezindaweni ezingasemngceleni weKazakhstan: e-Orsk (esifundeni sase-Orenburg), eKurtamysh (esifundeni saseKurgan).
Lezi zigcawu zihlakazeke kuso sonke iSifunda SaseNingizimu, kubandakanya iCrimea, i-Astrakhan, iVolgograd kanye neRostov, iKrasnodar Territory.
Ama-arthropod abonwa esifundeni saseMoscow, eSaratov naseNovosibirsk, kanye nase-Altai Territory.
Ukubukeka nokuzala kabusha
Eyeduna incane, noma ize iphindwe kathathu kunensikazi yayo. Ezinye izinsikazi zikhula zifike ku-20 mm, kanti ezedoda azifinyeleli ku-7 mm. Akumangalisi ukuthi insikazi, ngemuva kocansi oluphumelelayo, idla owesilisa ngaphandle kokuzisola, njengezinto zokulahla.
Umbala ojwayelekile womzimba oyindilinga (kufaka phakathi ama-pair of tentacles) amnyama ngombala ocwazimulayo. Imvamisa kusizinda esimnyama, amabala abomvu wokulungiswa okuhlukahlukene ayabonwa, akleliswe yimivimbo emincane emhlophe.
Umuntu ongaboni kahle angadida isicabucabu kalula ngemilenze efakwe nge currant emnyama.
UKarakurt ufinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ngoJuni, eqala ukufuna izindawo ezifihlekile zokuluka izingibe zesikhashana ezihloselwe ukukhwelana.
Ngemuva kocansi, abesifazane baphinde bafune, kepha manje - indawo yokukhosela yenzalo. Amaqanda wesicabucabu kufanele aphile ebusika ngemifece, alengiswe (izingcezu ezi-2-4) esidlekeni. Izicabucabu ezincane zizovela ngo-Ephreli ukuze zindizele kuwebhu zibe ngabantu abadala.
Izindawo zokuhlala zekarakurt
Isicabucabu sihlela izindlu phakathi kwamatshe, amagatsha owomile, engxenyeni engenhla yenhlabathi, imvamisa emigodini yabanye abantu, siqinisa umnyango ngamanetha okubamba imicu ehlangana ngokuxakile.
Ukuthanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezingathintwanga, kufaka phakathi izindawo zezintombi, imithambeka yemifula, izindawo ezingamadamu, amabhange emisele. Ukukhipha iHaymaking, ukulima ama-steppes nezinkomo ezondla kakhulu kunciphisa inani le-karakurt.
Izicabucabu ezindala nazo ziyafa ngenxa yemithi yokubulala izinambuzane engcolisa impova yezindawo ezilinywayo. Kuliqiniso, ama-reagents amakhemikhali awasebenzi kumakhokho: angashiswa ngomlilo kuphela.
Ngokuqala kwekwindla, abafelokazi abamnyama abathanda impilo yasebusuku basondela eduze kwemfudumalo - ezindlini ezingaphansi, emashalofini, ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba, ezindlini zangasese zomgwaqo, ezindlini nasemafulethini.
Ngokufuna ukunethezeka, isicabucabu sigibela ezicathulweni, ezilineni, embhedeni nasezitsheni zasekhishini. Futhi lokhu kusongela ngqo impilo yomuntu.
Umsebenzi wesicabucabu
Ukuphakama kwayo kuqoshwe kusuka ngoJulayi kuya kuSepthemba. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwabesifazane (ngoJuni / Julayi), inani labantu nezilwane ezithintwa "ukuqabula" kwabo landa kakhulu.
Ukuqhamuka kokukhiqizwa kabusha okuningi kwe-karakurt kuqoshwa njalo eminyakeni engama-25 noma njalo eminyakeni eyishumi, kanti ingozi enkulu ifihliwe kwabesifazane abadala.
I-karakurt yethu, vele, ayinakuqhathaniswa nomfelokazi omnyama wangempela ngamandla obuthi, kepha ukulunywa kwakhe kwesinye isikhathi kugcina ngokufa.
Ngakho-ke, ngo-Okthoba 1997, i-karakurt yaluma izakhamizi ezingama-87 zesifunda saseKherson: zonke zalashwa esibhedlela, kepha eyodwa azange zisindiswe.
Bese izazi zezilwane zaphakamisa ukuthi lokhu kuhlasela okukhulu kwabangelwa yimvula enkulu eyaxosha izicabucabu ezindlini zokukhosela.
Endleleni, kwavela ukuthi eminyakeni yangemva kwempi, i-karakurt yazizwa njengenkosi yama-Don steppes futhi yanyamalala isikhathi eside ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwabo okusebenzayo.
Ukuvuselelwa kwesibalo sabafelokazi abamnyama kwaqala ngokuwa kwe-USSR: bazala kakhulu emasimini nasemapulazini asele.
Okwesibili isici esivumayo - Ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni, lapho indawo eyomile igudlukela enyakatho. Lokhu kudlala ezandleni zezicabucabu, ezigwema imvula enkulu, okuyingozi emigodini yazo.
Ukukhishwa kwekarakurt
Kuba zombili izinambuzane namagundane amancane, okuhlala kuwo umbulali ngaphandle kokuzisola.
Isicabucabu sikhubaza isisulu, sivumele ubuthi, osebenza njengemfihlo yokugaya ukudla, ukuthi busabalale ngezicubu zawo. Ngemuva kokuthi lesi sinambuzane sithambe ngokwanele, umfelokazi omnyama uzofaka ama-proboscis kuso bese eqala ukuncela okuqukethwe.
Ngesikhathi sokudla, isicabucabu singaphazanyiswa eminye imisebenzi, suka kude "netafula" bese sibuya futhi, siphendukise isisulu, simunce kusuka ezinhlangothini ezahlukene.
Umgodi ovalwe ngezinqawe ukhombisa ingozi. Isicabucabu ngeke sihlasele ngaphandle kwesizathu, okungaba ukungena kokunganaki esikhaleni sakhe sangasese.
Isenzo sikashevu
Ichashazi elibomvu elingaqapheleki elivela ekulungeni lizoqala ukusabela kwamaketanga kuwo wonke umzimba: ngemuva kwekota yehora, ubuhlungu obuvuthayo buzohlanganisa wonke umzimba (ikakhulukazi esifubeni, esiswini nangaphansi).
Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zizovela:
- i-tachycardia nokuphefumula okuncane;
- ubomvu noma ukubukeka kobuso;
- isiyezi nokuthuthumela;
- ikhanda, ukuhlanza nokujuluka;
- ubunzima esifubeni noma esifundeni se-epigastric;
- i-bronchospasm ne-priapism;
- ukuvimbela ukukhipha isisu nokuchama.
Kamuva, ukudakwa kuphenduka isimo sokucindezeleka, ukufiphalaliswa ukwazi kanye ne-delirium.
Ikhambi
Isidakamizwa esisebenza kahle kakhulu sithathwa njenge-anti-caracourt serum ekhiqizwa yiTashkent Bacteriological Institute.
Imiphumela emihle impela itholwe ngokwethulwa (ngemithambo yegazi) kwe-calcium chloride, i-novocaine ne-magnesium hydrogen sulfate.
Uma olunywayo engekho endaweni yosizo lokuqala, kunconywa ukuthi kushiswe indawo ethintekile ngekhanda lomentshisi elikhanyisiwe kungakapheli imizuzu emibili yokuqala. Kukholakala ukuthi ushevu obengenaso isikhathi sokungena ngokujulile ubhujiswa ngokuchayeka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
Isicabucabu karakurt okuyingozi ikakhulukazi izingane ezincane. Uma usizo luphuzile, ingane ayinakusindiswa.
Kusuka "ekuxhumaneni" okusondelene nomfelokazi omnyama, izilwane ziyafa, phakathi kwazo amakamela namahhashi kubhekwa njengabasengozini enkulu.
Ukuzala ikarakurt
Abantu abazethembayo nabangenasibindi kuphela abangagcina lezi zingcuba zomzimba ekhaya. Uma ukwazi ukutshela umehluko phakathi kowesilisa nowesifazane, yakha inyunyana yesicabucabu ezobheka ukuzalanisa.
Yebo, futhi ungakhohlwa ukuvikela owesilisa: isicabucabu sizongena njalo empilweni yakhe.
Ukuze uthole i-lair yokufakelwa uzodinga:
- i-terrarium noma i-aquarium;
- isihlabathi esihlanganiswe nothuvi;
- ubulembu, amagatsha namaqabunga omile.
Kuzodingeka ubambe izimpukane namaphela ukuze uphonse izilwane ezifuywayo kuwebhu lapho zingasebenzi. Ebusika, asikho isidingo sokondla izicabucabu - ziyalala, kepha zidinga ukufudunyezwa kancane (ngesibani sikagesi noma umoya ofudumele).
Entwasahlobo, i-terrarium izodinga ukuhlanzwa. Thumela i-karakurt embizeni bese ulahla imfucumfucu esidlekeni sabo.
Isicabucabu umfelokazi omnyama njengebhizinisi
Ku-inthanethi kunamahemuhemu mayelana nebhizinisi eliphansi futhi elinenzuzo enhle - ukuzalanisa i-karakurt ukuthola ubuthi.
Labo abafisayo bachazwa "eminweni" ukuthi ukusengwa kanjani kwama-arthropods anobuthi kubukeka kanjani, baqinisekisa ukuthi lena inqubo elula nephephile ongazazi ngayo.
Eqinisweni, abantu abaqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile bahlanganyela ekukhipheni ubuthi, ezimweni zezimboni nakwimishini ebizayo.
Ukwenza lokhu, bathenga igesi ekhethekile (ukuthoba ikarakurt ukulala) nokufakwa "kwetafula lokusebenza" elinama-electrode adingekayo ukunikezela ukukhishwa ku-chelicerae ukuze ubuthi buhambe.
Ingxenye ebiza kakhulu yesikimu (amashumi ezinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane zamadola) - iyunithi yokumisa ubuthi, okumele iphenduke amakristalu.
Ama-karakurt angama-500 avela kusivuno esisodwa sokusenga 1 g we-toxin owomile, obiza ama-euro ayi-1200 emakethe emnyama.
Akungabazeki ukuthi ibhizinisi elinenzuzo, kepha akusilo elokuzifundisela, abangashadile nabangenzi lutho.
