Elasmotherium - ubhejane osekuphele isikhathi eside, owahlukaniswa nokukhula kwawo okukhulu kanye nophondo olude olukhula ukusuka phakathi kwebunzi. Labobhejane babembozwe ngoboya, obabenza bakwazi ukuhlala esimweni sezulu esibi saseSiberia, yize kunezinhlobo ze-Elasmotherium ezihlala ezifundeni ezifudumele. I-Elasmotherium yaba ngunozala wobhejane banamuhla base-Afrika, baseNdiya nabamnyama.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Elasmotherium
I-Elasmotherium inguhlobo lobhejane olwavela eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezingama-800 eyedlule e-Eurasia. I-Elasmotherium yanyamalala cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyishumi eyedlule ngesikhathi se-Ice Age yokugcina. Izithombe zakhe zingatholakala emhumeni waseKapova we-Urals nasemihumeni eminingi eSpain.
Uhlobo lobhejane yizilwane zasendulo ezinama-equid ezisindile ezinhlotsheni eziningana kuze kube namuhla. Uma abamele ngaphambili bohlobo behlangana ezindaweni ezifudumele nezibandayo, manje batholakala kuphela e-Afrika naseNdiya.
Ividiyo: Elasmotherium
Obhejane bathola igama labo ophondweni olukhula ekugcineni komlomo wabo. Lolu phondo alusona isiqalo samathambo, kepha izinkulungwane zezinwele ezixubene zekeratin, ngakho-ke uphondo empeleni luyisakhiwo esinemicu futhi aluqinile njengoba lubukeka ekuqaleni.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Yilo phondo oludale ukuqedwa kobhejane okwamanje - abazingeli abangekho emthethweni basika uphondo esilwaneni, ngenxa yalokho okufa okuthile. Manje obhejane bangaphansi kokuvikelwa kwamahora angama-24 ochwepheshe.
Obhejane bayizilwane ezidla imifino, futhi ukuze balondoloze amandla esisindo sabo somzimba esikhulu (obhejane asebekhona manje banesisindo samathani ayi-4-5, futhi abantu basendulo babenesisindo esengeziwe nangaphezulu) bondla usuku lonke ngezikhathi ezithile zokulala.
Bahlukaniswa ngumzimba omkhulu omise umgqomo, imilenze emikhulu enezinzwane ezintathu ezingena ezinqeni eziqinile. Obhejane banomsila omfushane, ohambayo onebhulashi (okuwukuphela kocingo lwezinwele olusele kulezi zilwane) nezindlebe ezizwelayo kunoma imiphi imisindo. Isidumbu simbozwe ngamapuleti esikhumba okwenza obhejane bangashisi ngaphansi kwelanga lase-Afrika elishisa bhe. Zonke izinhlobo zobhejane ezikhona zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa, kodwa ubhejane omnyama yiwona osondele kakhulu ekuqothulweni.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Rhino Elasmotherium
I-Elasmotherium ingummeleli omkhulu wohlobo lwayo. Ubude bomzimba wabo bufinyelela ku-6 m, ukuphakama - 2.5 m, kepha ngobukhulu babo bakala kakhulu kunabalingani babo bamanje - kusuka kumathani ayi-5 (ngokuqhathanisa, ukukhula okumaphakathi kukabhejane wase-Afrika kuyimitha elilodwa nohhafu).
Uphondo olugqinsi olude alutholakalanga emakhaleni, njengobhejane banamuhla, kepha lukhule kusuka ebunzini. Umehluko phakathi kwalolu phondo futhi ukuthi lwalungenayo imicu, equkethe izinwele ze-keratinized - kwakuwukuphuma kwamathambo, isakhiwo esifanayo nezicubu zokhakhayi lwe-Elasmotherium. Uphondo lwalufinyelela kubude bemitha elilodwa nohhafu ngekhanda elincane, ngakho ubhejane wayenentamo eqinile, equkethe amathambo omlomo wesibeletho awugqinsi.
I-Elasmotherium yayinokubuna okuphezulu, okusikhumbuza umumbu wezinyathi zanamuhla. Kepha ngenkathi ama-humps wezinyathi namakamela asuselwa emafutheni anamafutha, ukubuna kwe-Elasmotherium bekuhlala emaphethelweni emathambo omgogodla, yize bekuqukethe okunamafutha.
Ingemuva lomzimba beliphansi kakhulu futhi lihlangene kakhulu kunangaphambili. I-Elasmotherium yayinemilenze emincane ezacile, ngakho-ke kungacatshangwa ukuthi isilwane sashintshelwa ekugijimeni okusheshayo, yize ukusebenza nomthethosisekelo womzimba onjalo kwakudinga amandla.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kukhona umbono wokuthi yi-Elasmotherium eyaba yizibonelo zama-unicorn ezinganekwane.
Okunye futhi okwehlukanisa i-Elasmotherium ukuthi yayimbozwe ngokuphelele ngoboya obukhulu. Wayehlala ezindaweni ezibandayo, ngakho uvolo wawuvikela isilwane emvuleni naseqhweni. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-Elasmotherium zazinejazi elincanyana kunezinye.
Wahlalaphi u-Elasmotherium?
Isithombe: Elasmotherium yaseCaucasian
Kwakunezinhlobo eziningana ze-Elasmotherium ezazihlala ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba.
Ngakho-ke kwatholakala ubufakazi bokuba khona kwabo:
- eUral;
- eSpain;
- eFrance (Umhume waseRuffignac, lapho kunomdwebo ohlukile wobhejane omkhulu onophondo ebunzini lakhe);
- eNtshonalanga Yurophu;
- eMpumalanga yeSiberia;
- eChina;
- e-Iran.
Ngokuvamile kukholakala ukuthi i-Elasmotherium yokuqala yayihlala eCaucasus - izinsalela zakudala zobhejane zitholakala lapho emaqeleni ase-Azov. Umbono we-Caucasian Elasmotherium yiwo owaphumelela kakhulu ngoba wasinda e-Ice Ages eziningana.
E-Peninsula yaseTaman, izinsalela ze-Elasmotherium zambiwa iminyaka emithathu, futhi ngokusho kwezazi ze-paleontologists, lezi zinsalela zineminyaka engaba yisigidi ubudala. Ngokokuqala ngqa, amathambo e-Elasmotherium atholakala ngo-1808 eSiberia. Ematsheni, imikhondo yoboya obuzungeze amathambo yayibonakala ngokusobala, kanye nophondo olude olumila kusukela ebunzini. Lolu hlobo lwalubizwa ngokuthi yiSiberia Elasmotherium.
Amathambo aphelele e-Elasmotherium enzelwe izinsalela ezitholakala eStavropol Paleontological Museum. Ungumuntu wezinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezazihlala eningizimu yeSiberia, iMoldova ne-Ukraine.
I-Elasmotherium yahlala emahlathini nasemathafeni. Ngokusobala wayethanda amaxhaphozi noma imifula egelezayo, lapho echitha khona isikhathi esiningi. Ngokungafani nobhejane banamuhla, wayehlala ngokuthula emahlathini aminyene, ngoba wayengazesabi izidlakela.
Manje uyazi ukuthi i-Elasmotherium yasendulo yayihlala kuphi. Ake sithole ukuthi badlani.
Yini i-Elasmotherium edle?
Isithombe: Elasmotherium yaseSiberia
Kusukela ekwakhekeni kwamazinyo abo, kungaphethwa ngokuthi i-Elasmotherium idle utshani obunzima obukhula ezindaweni eziphansi eduze namanzi - izinhlayiya ezihluphayo zitholakale ezinsaleleni zamazinyo, okufakazela lo mzuzu. I-Elasmotherium idle kufika ku-80 kg., Amakhambi ngosuku.
Njengoba i-Elasmotherium izihlobo eziseduze zobhejane base-Afrika nabamaNdiya, kungaphethwa ngokuthi ukudla kwabo kuhlanganisa:
- izindlebe ezomile;
- utshani obuluhlaza;
- amaqabunga ezihlahla izilwane ezingafinyelela kuzo;
- izithelo eziwele emithini zaya emhlabathini;
- amahlumela amancane omhlanga;
- amagxolo ezihlahla ezincane;
- ezindaweni zokuhlala eziseningizimu - amaqabunga emivini;
- Ngokuya ngesakhiwo samazinyo, kuyacaca ukuthi i-Elasmotherium idle izitshalo zomhlanga, udaka oluhlaza kanye nolwelwe, engakuthola emzimbeni wamanzi angajulile.
Udebe lwe-Elasmotherium lufana nodebe lobhejane baseNdiya - luyindebe eyodwa enezinhlangothi eyenzelwe ukudla izitshalo ezinde, ezinde. Obhejane base-Afrika banezindebe ezibanzi, ngakho-ke badla utshani obuphansi.
I-Elasmotherium yakha izikhwebu eziphakeme zotshani yazihlafuna isikhathi eside; ubude bakhe nentamo yakhe yamvumela ukuthi afinyelele ezihlahleni eziphansi, edabula amaqabunga lapho. Ngokuya ngesimo sezulu, i-Elasmotherium ingaphuza kusuka kumalitha angama-80 kuya kwangama-200. amanzi ngosuku, yize lezi zilwane ziqinile ngokwanele ukuthi zingaphila ngaphandle kwamanzi isonto lonke.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Elasmotherium Yasendulo
Kutholakale i-Elasmotherium ihlala ingalali eduze komunye nomunye, ngakho-ke singaphetha ngokuthi obhejane bebebodwa. Izinsalela zeNhlonhlo Yase-Arabia kuphela ezikhomba ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi labobhejane bangahlala ngamaqembu amancane angama-5 noma ngaphezulu.
Lokhu kuhambisana nesakhiwo senhlalo samanje sobhejane baseNdiya. Zidla ubusuku nemini, kepha ngezikhathi ezishisayo zosuku ziya ezindaweni ezinamanzi noma emizimbeni yamanzi, lapho zilala khona emanzini futhi zidle izitshalo eduze noma khona kanye emzimbeni wamanzi. Njengoba i-Elasmotherium yayingubhejane onoboya, kungenzeka ukuthi yayingadla izungeze imizimba yamanzi ubusuku nemini ngaphandle kokungena emanzini.
Ukugeza kuyingxenye ebalulekile yempilo yobhejane kanti ne-Elasmotherium yayinjalo. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi izimuncagazi eziningi zingahlala eboyeni bayo, obhejane abangayisusa besebenzisa amanzi namanzi okugeza. Futhi, njengolunye uhlobo lobhejane, angahlala nezinyoni. Izinyoni zizulazula ngokuthula emzimbeni kabhejane, izinambuzane ezicwebezelayo nezinambuzane ezivela esikhunjeni sakhe, futhi futhi zazise ngokusondela kwengozi. Lobu budlelwano obuzuzisayo obenzeka ngesikhathi se-Elasmotherium.
Ubhejane wahola impilo yokuzulazula, ehamba ngemuva kohlaza lapho luphela endaweni yalo. Ngokuhlobanisa i-Elasmotherium nobhejane besimanje baseNdiya, kungaphethwa ngokuthi abesilisa bahlala bodwa, kuyilapho abesifazane begcwele ngamaqembu amancane, lapho bekhulisela khona izingane zabo. Amaduna amancane, ashiya umhlambi, nawo angakha amaqembu amancane.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Elasmotherium
Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi i-Elasmotherium ifinyelele ekuvuthweni ngokocansi cishe eminyakeni emihlanu. Uma ku-rhinoceros rut kwenzeka cishe njalo emavikini ayisithupha, khona-ke e-Elasmotherium ehlala ezindaweni ezibandayo, kungenzeka kanye ngonyaka ngokufika kokushisa. Ubhejane uvela kanjena: abesifazane bashiya iqembu labo isikhashana bese beyofuna owesilisa. Lapho ithola eyeduna, ziseduze komunye nomunye izinsuku ezimbalwa, insikazi imlandela yonke indawo.
Uma phakathi nalesi sikhathi abesilisa bangashayisana ekulweni nowesifazane oyedwa. Kunzima ukuhlola ubunjalo be-Elasmotherium, kepha kungacatshangwa ukuthi nabo bebeyizilwane eziyindidane ezi-phlegmatic ezazingafuni ukungena ezingxabanweni. Ngakho-ke, izimpi zezinsikazi zazingenalo nolaka - ubhejane omkhulu wavele waxosha omncane.
Ukukhulelwa kwe-Elasmotherium yesifazane kwaphela cishe izinyanga ezingama-20, ngenxa yalokho kuzalwe leli cubhi selivele linamandla. Izinsalela zamawundlu azitholakali zizonke - kuphela amathambo ngamanye emihumeni yabantu basendulo. Kulokhu singaphetha ngokuthi kwakuyintsha ye-Elasmotherium eyayivame ukuba sengozini ngabazingeli bakudala.
Isikhathi sokuphila se-Elasmotherium safinyelela eminyakeni eyikhulu, futhi abantu abaningi basinda baze baguga, ngoba ekuqaleni babenezitha ezimbalwa kakhulu zemvelo.
Izitha zemvelo ze-Elasmotherium
Isithombe: Rhino Elasmotherium
I-Elasmotherium ngumuthi omkhulu wezimila ongakwazi ukuzimela, ngakho-ke awuzange ubhekane nanoma iyiphi ingozi enkulu yesilwane.
Ekupheleni kwesikhathi sePliocene, i-Elasmotherium ihlangabezane nalezi zilwane ezilandelayo:
- i-glyptodont iyisihlahla esikhulu esinamazinyo amade;
- smilodon - amancane ama-fining, azingelwa ngamaphakethe;
- izinhlobo zasendulo zamabhere.
Ngalesi sikhathi, kuvela ama-Australopithecines, asuka kancane kancane esuka ekuqoqeni aye ekuzingeleni izilwane ezinkulu, ezingadicilela phansi obhejane.
Esikhathini esedlule sePleistocene, singazingelwa ngu:
- amabhere (kokubili aphelile futhi akhona);
- izingulule ezinkulu;
- imihlambi yezimpisi;
- ukuziqhenya ngamabhubesi emhumeni.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Obhejane bakhula ngesivinini esifinyelela ku-56 km / h, futhi njengoba i-Elasmotherium yayikhanya kancane, ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ijubane layo lokugijima lafika ku-70 km / h.
Ubukhulu bezilwane ezidlayo buhambisana nosayizi wezilwane ezidla izilwane, kepha i-Elasmotherium isalokhu iyisisulu esikhulu kakhulu kubazingeli abaningi. Ngakho-ke, lapho umhlambi noma isilwane esisodwa simhlasela, u-Elasmotherium wakhetha ukuzivikela esebenzisa uphondo olude. Amakati kuphela anezinwele nezinzipho ezinde angaluma ngesikhumba esijiyile noboya balo bhejane.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Extinct Elasmotherium
Izizathu zokuqothulwa kwe-Elasmotherium azaziwa kahle. Basinda kahle ama-Ice Ages amaningi, ngakho-ke, baguqulelwa ngokomzimba emazingeni okushisa aphansi (njengoba kufakazelwa yizinwele zabo).
Ngakho-ke, ososayensi bathole izizathu eziningana zokuqothulwa kwe-Elasmotherium:
- ngesikhathi sokugcina seqhwa, izimila, ezazidla kakhulu i-Elasmotherium, zabhujiswa, ngakho-ke zabulawa yindlala;
- I-Elasmotherium iyeke ukuphindaphindeka ezimeni ezinamazinga okushisa aphansi kanye nokushoda kokudla okwanele - lesi sici sokuziphendukela kwemvelo sabhubhisa uhlobo lwaso;
- abantu abazingela i-Elasmotherium ukuze bathole izikhumba nenyama bangasusa bonke abantu.
I-Elasmotherium iyimbangi enkulu yabantu basendulo, ngakho-ke abazingeli bakuqala bakhetha abantu abasha namazinyane njengezisulu, okwasheshe kwabhubhisa uhlobo lwalo bhejane. I-Elasmotherium yayisakazeke kulo lonke izwekazi lase-Eurasia, ngakho-ke ukubhujiswa kancane kancane. Mhlawumbe, bekunezizathu eziningana zokuqothulwa ngasikhathi sinye, badlulana futhi ekugcineni babhubhisa abantu.
Kodwa i-Elasmotherium yadlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yomuntu, uma abantu bakudala bengathumba lesi silwane kubuciko be-rock. Bamzingela futhi bamhlonipha, ngoba ubhejane wayebanikeza izikhumba ezifudumele nenyama eningi.
Uma abantu babambe iqhaza elibonakalayo ekubhujisweni kohlobo lwe-Elasmotherium, khona-ke okwamanje isintu kufanele sibe nenhlonipho enkulu nangobhejane abakhona. Njengoba zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa ngenxa yabazingeli abazingela ngokungemthetho abazingela izimpondo zabo, izinhlobo ezikhona kufanele ziqhubeke nokuphathwa ngokucophelela. Elasmotherium, bayinzalo yobhejane bangempela, abaqhubeka nohlobo lwayo, kepha ngendlela entsha.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 07/14/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/25/2019 ngo-18: 33
