Isicabucabu esiphuzi - isidalwa esingenabungozi esikhetha ukuhlala endle, ikakhulukazi emasimini. Ngakho-ke, abaningi kungenzeka ukuthi abakaze bayibone nhlobo, ikakhulukazi njengoba kungukungabonakali kahle kwalesi sigcawu okuphawuleka - kuyakhanya, futhi kulokho kuyakwazi ukushintsha umbala, kulingise imvelo, ngakho-ke kwesinye isikhathi kunzima kakhulu ukukuqaphela.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Isicabucabu esiphuzi
Ama-Arachnids avela ngaphezu kweminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-400 eyedlule - avela ezilwaneni ezihleleke kakhulu ezisahlala emhlabeni wethu, zingenye yezindala kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, cishe azikho izinhlobo zohlobo lwesicabucabu, okungukuthi, lezo ebezizohlala eMhlabeni izigidi eziningi zeminyaka edlule futhi zisaphila kuze kube namuhla.
Zishintsha ngokushesha, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zithathelwa indawo ezinye, zivumelaniswe nezimo ezishintshiwe - lokhu kungenye yezimfihlo zobungqabavu bazo. Futhi ngalezo zikhathi zasendulo, kwakungu-arachnids ababengabokuqala ukuphuma emhlabeni - bonke abanye base bevele bemlandela.
Ividiyo: Isicabucabu Esiphuzi
Isici sabo esiyinhloko esasihlukanisa ubulembu, lapho izicabucabu zithole ukusetshenziswa okuningi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuthi ziguquke kanjani akukaziwa ngokugcwele, kufaka phakathi imvelaphi yesicabucabu esiphuzi kuhlala kungacacile. Izicabucabu eziphuzi zisebenzisa iwebhu lazo ukwenza umucu kuphela, kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi zingezinhlobo zasendulo - kukholelwa ukuthi lezi zicabu zivele kungekudala.
Lezi zinhlobo zaziwa nangokuthi isicabucabu sembali, kubhekiselwa kuzo njengezicabucabu ezihamba eceleni. Incazelo yayo yesayensi yenziwa yisazi semvelo saseSweden uKarl Clerk ngo-1757, ngasikhathi sinye saqanjwa ngesiLatini - iMisumena vatia.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Igama lesayensi lohlobo lwezinhlobo luyacasula isicabucabu esiphuzi - igama elijwayelekile livela kuma-misoumenus aseGrisi, okungukuthi, "azondwayo", negama elithize elivela kuma-Latin latus - "anemilenze yokugoba."
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Isicabucabu esiphuzi eRussia
Lesi sigcawu sinesisu esikhulu - sigqama ngokusobala, singasho ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yaso sinesisu esisodwa, ngoba i-cephalothorax yaso ifushane futhi iyisicaba, iphansi kaningi kunesisu ngosayizi nobukhulu.
Imilenze yangaphambili yesicabucabu esiphuzi yinde, ngayo ibamba inyamazane, kuyilapho ibhande langemuva lisetshenziswa njengesisekelo. Imilenze emaphakathi isetshenziselwa ukuqothuka kuphela futhi ibuthakathaka kunamanye amapheya amabili. Amehlo ahlelwe ngemigqa emibili.
I-dimorphism yezocansi ibonakala kakhulu ngesicabucabu esiphuzi - ubukhulu besilisa nabesifazane buyahluka kakhulu kangangokuba umuntu angaze acabange ukuthi bangabezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Indoda endala incane kakhulu, imvamisa ubude bayo abudluli ku-3-4 mm, kanti insikazi ingaba mkhulu kathathu - kusuka ku-9 kuye ku-11 mm.
Ziyahluka futhi ngombala - yebo, isicabucabu esiphuzi sikude kakhulu nophuzi njalo! I-cephalothorax yowesilisa imnyama, futhi isisu siphaphathekile, umbala waso uvamise ukushintsha kusuka kokumhlophe kuye kophuzi, futhi kunemivimbo emibili ephinyiwe emnyama kuwo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi umbala wemilenze nawo uhlukile: amabhangqa angemuva anombala ofanayo nesisu, kanti ngaphambili kunemigqa emnyama.
Kwabesifazane, i-cephalothorax ibomvu ngokuphuzi ngombala, futhi isisu sikhanya kakhulu kunabesilisa, yize kaningi sibuye sibe mhlophe noma siphuzi. Kepha kungahle kube neminye imibala - eluhlaza noma epinki. Kuya ngokuthi isicabucabu sihlala kuphi - umbala waso ulingisa imvelo ukuze sigqame kancane. Uma isisu sowesifazane simhlophe, kuvame ukuba namabala abomvu noma imivimbo eceleni kwaso.
Uma ubheka lezi zigcawu elangeni, uyabona ukuthi ziyashintsha - zikhanya ngazo. Indawo esekhanda lapho kukhona khona amehlo kuphela. Lesi sici, kanye nekhono lokufaka imibala ukufanisa indawo ezungezile, futhi kuyabasiza ukuthi bahlale bengabonakali.
Sihlala kuphi isicabucabu esiphuzi?
Isithombe: Isicabucabu esincane esiphuzi
Lezi zingcungcu ungahlangana nazo kuphela eNyakatho Nenkabazwe yomhlaba wethu, kodwa endaweni enkulu kakhulu: zihlala eNyakatho Melika enkulu, eYurophu, eNyakatho naseCentral Eurasia - azikho endaweni eshisayo kuphela. Enyakatho basatshalaliswa kuze kube semingceleni yendawo enesimo sezulu esipholile.
EYurophu, bahlala yonke indawo, kufaka phakathi iziqhingi, ngaphandle kwe-Iceland - mhlawumbe lezi zilwebu azilethwanga kuwo. Noma ama-specimens angenisiwe ahlulekile ukuzala: kuyabanda e-Iceland futhi, yize isicabucabu esiphuzi sihlala ngempumelelo kwezinye izindawo ezinesimo sezulu esifanayo, kunzima kakhulu ukuthi sigxile kuleso simo sezulu.
Kaningi, kungatholwa isicabucabu esiphuzi e-Asia - isimo sezulu siyasithanda kakhulu phakathi kwendawo efudumele nephansi komhlaba, ngokulandelana, iningi lalezi zigcawu zihlala kulawo mazwe ase-Asia nasezifundeni lapho kutholakala khona lokhu - ngakho-ke, kaningi zingatholakala eCiscaucasia.
Mhlawumbe, izicabucabu eziphuzi zazingatholakali eNyakatho Melika ngaphambili futhi zalethwa kuwo ngabakholoni. Kodwa-ke, isimo sezulu saleli zwekazi lifanelana nabo ngokuphelele, bande kakhulu emakhulwini ambalwa nje eminyaka, ukuze manje batholakale endaweni enkulu ukusuka e-Alaska kuye ezifundazweni ezisenyakatho neMexico.
Zikhetha ukuhlala endaweni evulekile, enelanga, ecebile ngohlaza - ikakhulukazi emasimini nasemadlelweni; ziyatholakala nasemaphethelweni ehlathi. Kwesinye isikhathi ungabona izicabucabu eziphuzi emapaki wedolobha noma engadini yakho. Abazithandi izindawo ezimnyama noma ezinomswakama - ngakho-ke, azitholakali emahlathini nasemabhange emizimba yamanzi.
Isicabucabu esiphuzi sidlani?
Isithombe: Isicabucabu esiphuzi esinobuthi
Ukudla kwesicabucabu esiphuzi akuhluki ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene futhi kuqukethe cishe zonke izinambuzane.
It:
- izinyosi;
- izimvemvane;
- amabhungane;
- ama-hoverflies;
- iminyovu.
Zonke lezi zingcolisa impova. Lokhu kungenxa yendlela yokuzingela elula kunazo zonke isicabucabu esiphuzi: ilinda inyamazane ngqo embali, ifihle futhi ihlangane nesizinda. Imvamisa bakhetha i-goldenrod ne-yarrow, kepha uma bengekho, bangakhetha abanye.
Ukulindela inyamazane lapho bechitha iningi labo, benganyakazi, ukuze bangayesabisi. Ngisho nalapho ehleli embali, isicabucabu esiphuzi siyaqhubeka silinde size singene sangena ngaphakathi bese siqala ukumunca umpe, futhi kuphela lapho le nqubo ibamba ukunaka kwesisulu lapho sihlasela khona.
Okungukuthi: ibamba ngemilenze engaphambili eqinile ukuyivimba ukuthi ingasuki noma yenze enye into, bese iluma - ubuthi bayo bunamandla kakhulu, futhi bukhubaza ngisho nesinambuzane esikhulu cishe ngaso leso sikhathi, bese ifa ngokushesha. Le ndlela yokuzingela ivumela isicabucabu ukuthi sibulale izinambuzane ezinkulu kakhulu futhi ezinamandla kunaso: izikhali zayo ezimbili eziyinhloko ziyamangaza futhi zinoshevu.
Uma ukuzingela kungaphumeleli, iminyovu efanayo iyakwazi ukubhekana nesicabucabu esiphuzi, ngoba iyashesha ukwedlula, futhi, ingandiza: phambi kwayo, isisu sayo ngeke sikwazi ukuzivikela ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, isicabucabu esiphuzi kufanele sihlasele ngokuqinisekile futhi sibale ngokuphelele umzuzu - uma kungenjalo ngeke siphile isikhathi eside.
Lapho isisulu sifa, simjovozela iziphuzo zokugaya ukudla, siphendule izicubu zaso sibe yimpuphu ethambile, kulula ukugaya, futhi sidle le gruel. Njengoba isisulu singase sibe sikhulu kunesicabucabu, kwesinye isikhathi sidla ingxenye kuphela ngesikhathi, sigcinele okusele esikhathini esizayo. Ishwabadela yonke into ngaphandle kwegobolondo le-chitinous.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Isicabucabu esiyingozi esiphuzi
Isicabucabu esiphuzi sichitha ingxenye enkulu yempilo yaso sihleli buthule siqamekele, noma siphumula ekuzingeleni - okungukuthi, sihamba kancane. Lapho izingela, ayisebenzisi iwebhu futhi ayeluki nhlobo. Impilo yakhe iqhubeka buthule nangokuthula, azivamile ukuba nemicimbi ebalulekile.
Ngisho nezilwane ezidla ezinye azimkhathazi, ngoba umbala uqobo uphakamisa ukuthi isicabucabu esiphuzi sinoshevu - asisho ngisho nangombala, singahluka, kepha ngamandla. Inqubo yakhe yansuku zonke ilula: lapho ilanga liphuma, uya ekuzingeleni. Ulinda ngokubekezela amahora, ngoba isisulu esisodwa simenele, futhi kungenzeka izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Ngemuva kokuthi igcwele, ivele iphumule, igcobe ilanga - izicabucabu zayo eziphuzi ziyayithanda. Imvamisa, abesabi lutho, bakhasa phezulu esihlahleni. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane - abesilisa besaba kakhulu. Lapho ilanga lishona, isicabucabu naso siyolala - ngoba lokhu siyashona silale phakathi kwamaqabunga esitshalo.
Le nqubo ejwayelekile iphazanyiswa kabili ngonyaka: ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, lapho abesilisa abafuna ibhangqa bekwazi ukumboza amabanga amade, noma ngabe kungamazinga abo kuphela, kukhasa kusuka embali kuya embalini, nalapho kungena isimo sezulu esibandayo, lapho izicabucabu eziphuzi zifukamela khona.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngezindlela eziningi, lesi spider siyathakazelisa ngekhono laso lokushintsha umbala, sijwayele ngemuva. Kepha ikude kakhulu nokushesha ukwenza njengonwabu - isicabucabu esiphuzi sidinga amasonto ama-2-3 ukushintsha umbala waso, futhi singabuyela kumbala waso wokuqala ngokushesha, ngezinsuku eziyi-5-7.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Isicabucabu esikhulu esiphuzi
Lezi zigcawu zihlala zodwa ngamunye, zizama ukuhlala ebangeni elithile komunye nomunye. Uma ziseduze, zivame ukungavumelani, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kungaqubuka ukungqubuzana phakathi kwazo - uma esinye sezicabucabu sikhulu (imvamisa lokhu kwenzeka lapho insikazi nowesilisa behlangana), umane azame ukubamba adle okuncane.
Isikhathi sokukhwela siwela entwasahlobo - izicabucabu eziphuzi ziyasebenza lapho ilanga liqala ukufudumala kakhulu, okungukuthi, ngoMashi-Ephreli ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba, ekuqaleni kukaMeyi endaweni epholile. Bese kuthi abesilisa baqale ukufuna abesifazane.
Bakwenza lokhu ngokucophelela - insikazi inkulu kakhulu futhi ingavele idle eyesilisa nangaphambi kokukhwelana. Ngakho-ke, uma ebona okungenani uphawu oluthile lokuhlukumezeka, ubaleka ngokushesha. Kepha uma owesifazane emngenisa ngomoya ophansi, lapho-ke ukulungele ukukhwelwa - kulokhu, owesilisa wethula izinyawo ekuvulekeni kwakhe sangasese.
Ngemuva kokuqeda ukukhwelana, kufanele futhi abaleke ngokushesha okukhulu, ngoba uphinde abe sengozini yokudliwa - wafeza umsebenzi wakhe futhi waphinde waphenduka waba yisisulu sowesifazane. Ugoqa umfece ukuze abekele amaqanda kuwo bese ewunamathisela emaqabungeni noma ezimbalini esebenzisa ama-cobwebs - lena ukuphela kwendlela izicabucabu eziphuzi ezisisebenzisa ngayo.
Ama-clutches abekwa ngoJuni-Julayi, ngemuva kwalokho kudlula amanye amasonto ama-3-4 ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izicabucabu. Sonke lesi sikhathi, isicabucabu sihlala siseduze futhi sivikele amaqanda kunoma yikuphi ukungena. Izicabucabu ezincane ziyancibilika okokuqala ngqa noma ngabe ziseqandeni, futhi ngemuva kokuvela zithola i-molts eyodwa noma amabili.
Lapho kubanda kakhulu, zigobhozela kudoti wamahlamvu bese zilala kuze kube sentwasahlobo elandelayo. Kepha noma kunjalo bazovuka njengezicabucabu ezingakabi budala - isicabucabu esiphuzi sifinyelela ebudaleni baso sobulili kuphela ngemuva kobusika besibili.
Izitha zemvelo zesicabucabu esiphuzi
Isithombe: Isicabucabu esiphuzi esinobuthi
Aziziningi kakhulu izidalwa ezizizingelayo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezithanda ukondla izicabucabu, ezinesistimu yokugaya ukudla eguqulwe ngoshevu wazo, ziphakathi kwazo.
Phakathi kwazo:
- amakhilikithi;
- ogebhezi;
- ama-hedgehogs;
- ama-centipedes;
- ezinye izicabucabu.
Kungenzeka ubambe isicabucabu esiphuzi ngokungalindelekile, futhi ukwenza lokhu lapho uphumule kulula, akunakwenzeka ukuthi ukwazi ukuzivikela kumzingeli omkhulu futhi onamandla. Kepha usadinga ukuyithola, ngoba ngenxa yemibala yayo, kanye nokuguquguquka, kucishe kungabonakali esitshalweni.
Esikhathini esiningi, izicabucabu ezisencane ziyafa, zisenakho okuhlangenwe nakho futhi aziqapheli kangako, futhi aziyona ingozi kangako - phela, labo abafuna ukudla isicabucabu esiphuzi kufanele bakhumbule njalo ngokuluma kwabo okunobuthi, okungaguqula umzingeli abe yisisulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akasheshi kakhulu futhi unamandla, ngakho-ke angaba isisulu esilula.
Izicabucabu eziphuzi nazo ziyafa uma kuzingelwa okungaphumelelanga, ngoba izinyosi noma iminyovu ziyakwazi ukumbulala, njengezinye izisulu eziningi - izicabucabu eziphuzi ngokuvamile zivame ukuzingela izilwane ezinobukhulu obukhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nezazo.
Ingozi ibasongela kusuka kwezinye izicabucabu, kufaka phakathi izihlobo - ukudla inyama phakathi kwabo kuyinto evamile. Izicabucabu ezinkulu nazo ziyasongela. Okokugcina, bangabulawa wubuthi uma umhlaba ulinywa ukulwa nezimuncagazi - kepha ngokuvamile awamelani noshevu futhi angahlala phakathi kwabasindile abambalwa.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Isicabucabu esiphuzi
Yize abantu bengahlangani nabo kaningi, lokhu kufanele kubangelwe ikakhulu ukuntshontsha kwabo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, lolu hlobo lwesilwane ludlangile, isibalo sabantu asinakubalwa - ebangeni laso, izicabucabu eziphuzi zitholakala cishe kuyo yonke imikhakha nasedlelweni, imvamisa kungamakhulu nezinkulungwane zazo.
Vele, ngenxa yomsebenzi wabantu, inani lalezi zinkambu lincipha kancane kancane, futhi ezinye zezidalwa eziphilayo ezihlala kuzo ziyafa ngenxa yemvelo engeyinhle, kepha izicabucabu eziphuzi ngokuqinisekile azikho phakathi kwezinhlobo ezisongelwa yilokhu. Njengezinye izicabucabu eziningi, ziyajwayela futhi zisinde kahle kakhulu.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ziphakathi kwezinhlobo ezisengozini yokushabalala, azikho ngaphansi kokuvikelwa, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthi zibe khona - zisabalele futhi ziyaqina. Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi bazokwazi ukujwayela isimo sezulu esishisayo futhi bandise uhla lwabo ngokucekela izindawo ezishisayo, nokuthi futhi kungekudala bazogxila kwamanye amazwekazi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Akukho okuncane okumnandi ngokulunywa kwesicabucabu esiphuzi, kepha akuyona ingozi kubantu, ngaphandle kokuthi kungadala izimpawu ezijwayelekile zobuthi obuncane - ukungezwani komzimba, ubuthakathaka, isicanucanu. Ngemuva kwamahora angu-3-4, yonke into kufanele ihambe, futhi i-antihistamine izosiza ukuyeka ukuhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu.
Isicabucabu esiphuzi ayibangeli monakalo kumuntu - iluma kuphela lapho ihlaselwa futhi, yize inobuthi, ayenele ukulimaza impilo yomuntu. Zincane kakhulu futhi zihlala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasendle. Zisebenzisa isinyenyela, ziqamekela izimbali zezisulu zazo, ezingaba nkulu ngisho nangaphezulu kwazo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 28.06.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/23/2019 ngo-22: 07
