Ipigogo babhekwa njengenyoni enhle kunazo zonke - babevame ukuhlobisa izinkantolo zamakhosi namasultan, noma ngabe babenezwi elibi, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nolaka. Umsila wazo omkhulu onephethini enhle ubamba iso ngokungathandi. Kodwa abesilisa kuphela abangaziqhayisa ngobuhle obunjalo - ngosizo lwabo bazama ukuheha ukunakwa kwabesifazane.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Peacock
Izinyoni zazivela ezihuquzelayo zasendulo - ama-archosaurs, izibankwa ezingakwazi ukundiza ezinjenge-thecodonts noma i-pseudo-suchia baba okhokho babo abaseduze. Kuze kube manje, azikho izinhlobo eziphakathi phakathi kwazo nezinyoni ezitholakele, okungenzeka ukuthi kutholakale ngokunembile ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani ukuziphendukela kwemvelo. Kancane kancane, kwakhiwa uhlaka lwamathambo nolwemisipha, oluvumela ukundiza, kanye nezimpaphe - kukholakala ukuthi ekuqaleni bekudingeka ukufudumeza okushisayo. Cishe, izinyoni zokuqala zavela ekupheleni kwesikhathi seTriassic noma ekuqaleni kweJurassic, yize kungatholakali izinsalela zakudala zalesi sikhathi.
Ividiyo: Peacock
Izinyoni ezindala kakhulu ezitholakele zineminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-150 ubudala, futhi lezi yi-Archeopteryx. Phakathi kwabo nezilwane ezihuquzelayo, mhlawumbe okhokho babo, kunokwehluka okukhulu ngesakhiwo - yingakho ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi namanje azikatholakali izinhlobo eziphakathi. Iningi lama-oda wesimanje wezinyoni avele kamuva - cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-40-65 edlule. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ukuhleleka kwezinkukhu, kubandakanya nomndeni wama-pheasant, okungamaphikoko. I-speciation yayisebenza kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi ngenxa yokuvela kwama-angiosperms - kwalandelwa ukuvela kwezinyoni.
Amapikoko achazwa ngo-1758 nguK. Linnaeus, futhi athola igama elithi Pavo. Wabuye waveza izinhlobo ezimbili: iPavo cristatus nePavo muticus (1766). Kamuva kakhulu, ngo-1936, uhlobo lwesithathu, i-Afropavo congensis, lwachazwa ngokwesayensi nguJames Chapin. Ekuqaleni, kwakungabhekwa njengenhlobo, kepha kamuva kwatholakala ukuthi yehlukile kwezinye lezi ezimbili. Kepha isikhathi eside ipigogo elinamahlombe amnyama lalithathwa njengezinhlobo ezizimele, kepha uDarwin wafakazela ukuthi lokhu kumane nje kuyizinguquko ezenzeka ngesikhathi kufuywa ipigogo.
Amapikoko phambilini ayethathwe ayiswa emndenini nhlobo, kepha, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwatholakala ukuthi ukuhlangana kwabo nezinye izinyoni ezifakwe emndenini omncane, njengama-tragopan noma izilo, kwakungafanele. Ngenxa yalokho, baphenduka uhlobo lohlobo lomndeni wama-pheasant nomndeni omncane.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: ipigogo lenyoni
Ipigogo lingamasentimitha ayi-100-120 ubude, futhi kungezwe umsila - ngaphezu kwalokho, yena ufinyelela ku-50 cm, futhi umsila onothile ongaphezulu ungu-110-160 cm. Ngobukhulu obunjalo bunesisindo esincane kakhulu - cishe ngama-4-4.5 kilograms, okungukuthi, okuthe xaxa inkukhu ejwayelekile eyenziwe ekhaya.
Ingaphambili lesifuba nekhanda liluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngemuva liluhlaza, kanti umzimba ongezansi umnyama. Abesilisa bakhulu futhi bayakhanya, ikhanda labo lihlotshiswe ngenqwaba yezimpaphe - uhlobo "lomqhele". Izinsikazi zincane, azinamsila ongaphezulu, kanti nomzimba wazo awuthambile. Uma eyesilisa kulula ukuyibona ngokushesha ngomsila ongaphezulu, khona-ke insikazi ayiveli.
Ipigogo eliluhlaza, njengoba negama lisho, lihlukaniswa ubukhulu be-green hue. Izimpaphe zalo ziphinde zigqame nge-sheen yensimbi, futhi umzimba wayo mkhulu ngokuqaphelekayo - cishe ingxenye yesithathu, imilenze yayo nayo inde. Ngasikhathi sinye, umsila wakhe ongaphezulu uyafana nowepigogo elijwayelekile.
Abesilisa kuphela abane-uppertail enhle, bayayidinga ngemidanso yokukhwelana. Ngemuva kokuphela kwenkathi yokukhwelana, kungena i-molt, futhi kuba nzima ukuhlukanisa abesilisa nabesifazane - ngaphandle kosayizi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Amapikoko abesifazane awalungile ekufukameleni amaqanda, ngakho-ke ekuthunjweni kuyisiko ukuwafaka ngaphansi kwezinye izinyoni - izinkukhu noma ama-turkeys, noma achamusele kuma-incubators. Kepha lapho kuvela amaphuphu, umama uyawanakekela ngokucophelela: uhlala ehamba naye futhi afundise, futhi lapho kubanda ufudumala ngaphansi kwezimpaphe zakhe.
Ihlala kuphi ipigogo?
Isithombe: Ipigogo lendoda
Uhla lwamapikoko avamile (nawo angamaNdiya) afaka ingxenye ebalulekile yamaHindustan nezindawo ezakhelene.
Bahlala emazweni akulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:
- India;
- Pakistan;
- IBangladesh;
- ENepal;
- I-Sri Lanka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona nenani lalezi zinhlobo ezihlukaniswe nobubanzi obukhulu e-Iran, mhlawumbe okhokho balezi zingongolo zaziswa ngabantu ezikhathini zasendulo futhi zaba yizinkomo - noma ngaphambili uhla lwazo lwalubanzi futhi lwafaka lezi zindawo, kwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zanqunywa.
Bazinza emahlathini nasemahlathini, osebeni lwemifula, emaphethelweni ehlathi, budebuduze nemizana eseduze nezindawo ezilinyiwe. Zithanda indawo eyisicaba noma enamagquma - azitholakali zingaphezulu kwamamitha ayi-2 000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Abazithandi izindawo ezinkulu ezivulekile - badinga izihlahlana noma izihlahla abazolala kuzo.
Ububanzi bamaphikoko aluhlaza buseduze nendawo okuhlala kuyo amapikoko avamile, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye awehlukani.
Amapikoko aluhlaza ahlala:
- ingxenye esempumalanga yeNdiya ngaphandle kweHindustan;
- ENagaland, eTripura, eMizoram;
- ingxenye esempumalanga yeBangladesh;
- IMyanmar;
- Thailand;
- IVietnam;
- EMalaysia;
- Isiqhingi sase-Indonesia iJava.
Yize lapho ukufakwa kuhlu kubonakala sengathi bahlala ezindaweni ezinkulu, empeleni lokhu akunjalo: ngokungafani nepigogo elijwayelekile, elihlala kakhulu ezweni elingaphakathi kobubanzi balo, imifino ayitholakali kakhulu emazweni asohlwini, ezindaweni ezihlukene. Ipigogo lase-Afrika, elaziwa nangokuthi ipigogo laseCongo, lihlala eCongo Basin - amahlathi akhula kulezi zindawo alungele yena.
Kulokhu, izindawo zokuhlala zemvelo zamapikoko seziqediwe, kepha ezindaweni eziningi, ezilungele indawo yazo yokuhlala, zaziswa ngumuntu, zaqala izimpande zaba yindlala. Kwezinye izindawo, manje sekunabantu abaningi impela - cishe wonke la mapikoko angamaNdiya.
Zitholakala eMexico nakwezinye izifundazwe eziseningizimu ye-United States, kanye naseHawaii, eNew Zealand nakwezinye iziqhingi zase-Oceania. Onke amapikoko anjalo, ngaphambi kokuba abe yizidlakela, ayefuywa, ngakho-ke avelela ubukhulu bawo obukhulu nemilenze emifushane.
Manje uyazi lapho ipigogo lihlala khona. Ake sibone ukuthi badlani.
Idliwa yini ipigogo?
Isithombe: Peacock eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Kakhulu ukudla kwale nyoni kuqukethe ukudla kwezitshalo futhi kufaka amahlumela, izithelo nezinhlamvu. Amanye amapikoko ahlala eduze nezinsimu ezilinyiwe futhi azondla ngazo - kwesinye isikhathi izakhamizi ziyawaxosha futhi ziwathathe njengezinambuzane, kepha imvamisa lokhu zikwenza ngokujwayelekile - amapigogo awabangeli monakalo omkhulu ekutshalweni, kanti indawo yakhona inendima enhle.
Okungukuthi - ngaphezu kwezitshalo, babuye badle nezilwane ezincane: zilwa ngempumelelo namagundane, izinyoka eziyingozi, ama-slugs. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinzuzo zokuhlala eduze kwamaphikoko okutshala zingadlula kakhulu ingozi, ngakho-ke azithintwa.
Kukholakala ukuthi amapikoko ayefuywa kakhulu hhayi ngenxa yokubukeka kwawo, kepha ngenxa yokuthi aqothula izinambuzane, angcono kakhulu ekulweni nezinyoka ezinobuthi - lezi zinyoni azibesabi nakancane ubuthi bazo futhi zibamba kalula izimfene nezinye inyoka.
Zivame ukudla ogwini lwesiziba noma emanzini angajulile: zibamba amaxoxo, izibankwa, nezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene. Lapho igcinwe ekuthunjweni, amapikoko anganikezwa imixube yokusanhlamvu, imifino, amazambane, imifino. Ukwenza izimpaphe zikhanye, i-squid ingezwa ekudleni.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Ngokwemvelo, amapikoko aseNdiya nawoluhlaza awazalani, ngoba amabanga abo awahlangani, kepha ekuthunjweni kwesinye isikhathi kungenzeka ukuthi kutholwe izinhlobo zezinhlamvu ezibizwa ngokuthi yi-Spaulding - inikezwa ukuhlonipha uKate Spaulding, oqale wakwazi ukuzala inhlanganisela enjalo. Azinikezi inzalo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Peacock eluhlaza
Isikhathi esiningi basuke befuna ukudla, bedlula phakathi kwezihlahlana nezihlahlana zezihlahla, bedwengula umhlabathi - kulokhu bafana nezinkukhu ezejwayelekile. Amapikoko ahlala eqaphile, alalelisise, futhi uma ezwa ingozi, abaleke noma azame ukucasha phakathi kwezitshalo. Ngasikhathi sinye, izimpaphe ezinhle kakhulu azibahluphi, kanti futhi ngokufanayo, phakathi kwezimbali ezikhanyayo zasezindaweni ezishisayo, nazo eziba ne-multicolor, ziyabavumela ukuba bahlale benganakile.
Emini, lapho kuqala ukushisa, ngokuvamile bayayeka ukufuna ukudla baphumule amahora amaningi. Ukwenza lokhu, bazitholela indawo emthunzini: ezihlahleni, ezihlahleni, kwesinye isikhathi bayabhukuda. Amapikoko azizwa ephephe ezihlahleni, futhi nawo alala phezu kwawo.
Banamaphiko amancane, futhi bayakwazi nokundiza, kodwa kabi kakhulu - basuka phansi emhlabathini ngemuva kwesikhathi eside, bephansi impela, futhi bandizela kumamitha ayi-5-7 kuphela, ngemuva kwalokho abasakwazi ukukhuphukela emoyeni, ngoba basebenzisa amandla amaningi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ipigogo elizama ukusuka lingahlangatshezwana kakhulu - kepha lokhu kwenzeka.
Izwi lamapigogo likhulu futhi alithandeki - ukukhala kwepigogo kufana nokukhala kwekati. Ngenhlanhla, zikhala kakhulu njalo, imvamisa kungaba ukuxwayisa ngengozi yezihlobo, noma ngaphambi kwemvula.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Lapho ipigogo lidlala umdanso wokukhwelana, liyathula, okungabukeka kumangaza - futhi impendulo yilena: empeleni, abathuli, kepha bakhuluma bodwa besebenzisa i-infrasound, ukuze indlebe yomuntu ingakwazi ukukuthola lokhu kuxhumana.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Peacock yowesifazane nowesilisa
Amapikoko anesithembu; kukhona abesifazane abathathu kuya kwabayisikhombisa kowesilisa ngamunye. Isikhathi sokuzalisa siqala ngenkathi yemvula futhi siphela ngokuphela kwayo. Uma kunabesilisa abaningi eduzane, bayahlakazeka ngokuqhamuka komunye nomunye futhi ngamunye uhlala endaweni yakhe, lapho kufanele kube nezindawo ezimbalwa ezilungele ukukhombisa izimpaphe.
Ziyakhulisa futhi ziqhayise phambi kwezinsikazi, futhi ziyabazisa ubuhle bezimpaphe zazo - azihlali zithola umnumzane engenakuphikiswa, kwesinye isikhathi ziya phambili ngokwazisa enye. Lapho kukhethwa kwenziwa, insikazi iyagoba, ikhombise lokhu - futhi ukukhwelana kuyenzeka, ngemuva kwalokho ibheka indawo yokubeka, kuthi owesilisa aqhubeke abize ezinye izinsikazi.
Abesifazane bahlela izidleke ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene: ezihlahleni, iziphunzi, emifantwini. Into esemqoka ukuthi zimboziwe futhi zivikelwe, azitholakali ezindaweni ezivulekile. Ngemuva kokuthi insikazi izalele amaqanda, ihlala iwafukama, iphazanyiswa ukuzondla yona kuphela - futhi ichitha isikhathi esincane kakhulu kulokhu kunokujwayelekile, futhi izama ukubuya ngokushesha.
Amaqanda kufanele afukanyelwe amasonto amane, ngemuva kwalokho amachwane agcina esechanyuselwa. Ngenkathi zisakhula, abazali bazo bayazinakekela, bazifihle futhi bazivikele ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye - ekuqaleni baze bazilethele nokudla, bese beqala ukuzikhipha ukuze bazondle. Uma amaphuphu esengozini, acasha ngaphansi komsila kamama. Ama-crests akhula emuva ngasekupheleni kwenyanga yokuqala yokuphila, futhi ezinyangeni ezimbili asengakhuphukela emoyeni. Zikhula zilingane nenyoni endala ngasekupheleni konyaka wokuqala, ngemuva kwesikhashana ekugcineni zishiya isidleke somndeni.
Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwenzeka ngeminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu ubudala. Kuze kube unyaka nohhafu, abesilisa babukeka becishe bafane nabesifazane, futhi kuphela ngemuva kwalesi sinyathelo esiyingqopha-mlando baqala ukukhula ngomsila ochumayo. Le nqubo igcwaliswe ngokuphelele ngeminyaka emi-3. Izinhlobo zase-Afrika zinomfazi oyedwa, okungukuthi, kunowesifazane oyedwa kowesilisa oyedwa. Ngesikhathi sokufukamela amaqanda, iduna lihlala liseduze ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi livikela isidleke.
Izitha zemvelo zamapikoko
Isithombe: ipigogo lenyoni
Phakathi kwazo kukhona i-feline enkulu nezinyoni ezidla inyama. Okubi kakhulu ngamapigogo izingwe namahlosi - avame ukuzizingela, futhi amapigogo awakwazi ukumelana nawo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, owokuqala nowesibili bashesha kakhulu futhi banobungcweti, futhi okuwukuphela kwithuba lokuphunyuka ukugibela isihlahla ngesikhathi.
Lokhu yilokho amapigogo azama ukukwenza, akuqapheli ngwe noma ingwe eseduze, noma ukuzwa umsindo osolisayo. Lezi zinyoni ziyaphazamisa, futhi zingashaqeka noma ngabe empeleni lungekho usongo, nezinye izilwane zenza umsindo. Amapikoko abaleka ngokukhala okukhulu okungathandeki ukwazisa isifunda sonke.
Kepha nasesihlahleni, amapikoko awakwazi ukubaleka, ngoba ama-fining awakhuphuka kahle, ngakho-ke ipigogo lingathemba nje ukuthi umhlaseli uzolandela isihlobo sakhe esingakhuphukile kakhulu. Lowo muntu, owayengenayo inhlanhla yokubanjwa, uzama ukulwa, ushaya isitha ngamaphiko aso, kodwa i-feline eqinile ayilimazi kangako kulokhu.
Yize amapikoko amadala elwa nokuhlaselwa yimongoose, amakati ehlathi noma ezinye izinyoni, ngoba zivame ukuzingela izilwane ezincane - kulula ukuzibamba, futhi zinamandla amancane okuzilwela. Kukhona abantu abaningi ngokwengeziwe abafuna ukuzitika ngamatshwele noma amaqanda - ngisho nezilwane ezincanyana uma kuqhathaniswa ziyakwazi ukwenza lokhu, futhi uma isikhukhukazi sezinkukhu siphazamiseka, isidleke saso singonakala.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Peacock eNdiya
Kunezimpungushe eziningi zaseNdiya emvelweni, zihlukaniswa njengezinhlobo, ubukhona bazo obungeyona ingozi. ENdiya, ziphakathi kwezinyoni ezihlonishwa kakhulu, futhi bambalwa abantu abazizingelayo, ngaphezu kwalokho, bavikelwe ngumthetho. Ngenxa yalokho, inani labo eliphelele lisuka ku-100 liye ku-200 lamawaka.
Amapikoko ase-Afrika anesimo esengozini, inani lazo ngqo alikasungulwa. Ngokomlando, akukaze kube kuhle kakhulu, futhi kuze kube manje akukho ukuthambekela okusobala kokuwa kwalo - bahlala endaweni enabantu abambalwa futhi abavamile ukuxhumana nabantu.
Akukho futhi ukudoba okusebenzayo - eCongo Basin kunezilwane eziheha kakhulu abazingeli abangekho emthethweni. Noma kunjalo, ukuze lezi zinhlobo zingasongelwa nakanjani, kusadingeka izinyathelo zokuzivikela, ezingakathathwa nhlobo.
Isimo esinzima kakhulu sikipigogo eliluhlaza okotshani - lisohlwini lweRed Book njengesilwane esisengozini yokuphela. Sekukonke, cishe abantu abayi-20 000 bahlala emhlabeni, kanti uhla lwabo nenombolo yabo yonke bekulokhu kwehla ngokushesha kule minyaka engu-70-80 edlule. Lokhu kwenzeka ngezizathu ezimbili: ukuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo nokuhlala kwezindawo ezihlala amapikoko, nokuqothulwa kwazo ngqo.
E-China kanye nasemazweni asenhlonhlweni ye-Indochina, amapikoko awakabi nenhlonipho njengase-India - azingelwa kakhulu, futhi amatshwele namaqanda awo angatholakala ezimakethe, izimpaphe ziyathengiswa. Abalimi baseChina balwa nabo ngoshevu.
Unogada wepigogo
Isithombe: Peacock
Yize ipigogo laseNdiya lingekho eRed Book, eNdiya lisengaphansi kokuvikelwa: ukuzingela kujeziswa ngumthetho. Abazingeli abangekho emthethweni basayiphatha, kodwa ibe yimiqulu emincane, ukuze abantu bahlale bezinzile. Kunzima kakhulu nge-Afrika futhi ikakhulukazi ipigogo eliluhlaza - lezi zinhlobo azivamile kakhulu futhi zinesimo esivikelwe umhlaba wonke, ezifundeni ezihlala kuzo, izinyathelo ezifanelekile azithathwa ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Futhi uma inani lohlobo lwe-Afrika lungabangeli ukukhathazeka okukhulu okwamanje, khona-ke okuluhlaza kusengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Ukonga lezi zinhlobo, kwezinye izifundazwe, ikakhulukazi eThailand, eChina, eMalaysia, kwenziwa izinqolobane, lapho izindawo ezihlala lezi zinyoni zishiywa zingathintwanga, futhi zona uqobo zivikelekile.
Izinhlelo zokufundisa umphakathi ziyaqhubeka eLaos naseChina ukushintsha indlela abheka ngayo amapikoko futhi bayeke ukulawula izinambuzane. Inani elandayo lamapikoko aluhlaza afuyelwa ekuthunjweni, kwesinye isikhathi afakwa ezilwaneni zasendle, ngenxa yalokho ahlala eNyakatho Melika, eJapan, e-Oceania.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Phambilini, bekukhona ukuzingelwa okusebenzayo ngenxa yezimpaphe zepigogo - ngeNkathi Ephakathi amantombazane nama-knights ayezihlobisa ngawo emiqhudelwaneni, nasemadilini, amapigogo ayephekelwa othosiwe ngqo ezimpapheni. Inyama yabo ayivelele ukunambitheka kwayo, ngakho-ke isizathu esiyinhloko sisekuziqhenyeni kwayo - kwakuyisiko ukwenza izifungo ngepikoko ethosiwe.
Ipigogo ivame ukugcinwa ekuthunjweni futhi igxile kahle kuyo futhi izale futhi. Kodwa-ke, izinyoni ezifuywayo azisekho zasendle, futhi emvelweni kuncane futhi kuncane kwazo.Kulezi zinhlobo ezintathu zalezi zinyoni ezimangazayo, ezimbili ziyivelakancane futhi zidinga ukuvikelwa ngabantu ukuze ziphile - uma kungenjalo, uMhlaba ungalahlekelwa enye ingxenye ebalulekile yokuhlukahlukana kwawo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 02.07.2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 23.09.2019 ngo-22: 44
