Abanye bayathuthumela besuka esithombeni esisodwa salesi sidalwa, kanti abanye basiqala ekhaya njengesilwane esifuywayo. Izinhlobo zingenye yezicabucabu ezinobuthi ezidume kakhulu. Zivame ukudideka ngama-tarantula, okungalungile, ngoba isicabucabu tarantula kuncane kakhulu. Naphezu kwenkolelo evamile, ubuthi bezidalwa abubulali kubantu.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Spider tarantula
Uhlobo lwe-Lycosa luvela emndenini wesicabucabu sempisi. Igama lezinhlobo zavela ku-Renaissance. Esikhathini esedlule, amadolobha ase-Italiya ayegcwele la ma-arachnid, yingakho ukulunywa okuningi, okuhambisana nezifundazwe ezixhuzulayo, kwaqoshwa. Lesi sifo sabizwa ngokuthi yi-tarantism. Iningi lalabo abalunyiwe lalaziwa edolobheni laseTaranto, lapho kwavela khona igama lesicabucabu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukuze belulame, abelaphi bangezikhathi zakudala bathi abagulayo babeseqophelweni lokudansa i-tarantella yomdanso wase-Italy, nayo eyavela eTaranto, eseningizimu ye-Italy. Odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi yilokhu kuphela okuzosindisa abalunywe ekufeni. Kukhona inguqulo yokuthi konke lokhu kwahlelwa amadili afihliwe emehlweni weziphathimandla.
Uhlobo luhlobo lohlobo lwama-arthropods futhi lunama-subspecies angama-221. Okudume kakhulu kulezi yi-tarantula yase-Apulian. Ngekhulu le-15, kwakukholakala ukuthi ubuthi bayo babangela ukusangana nezifo eziningi ze-epidemiological. Manje sekufakazelwe ukuthi ubuthi abunamthelela kubantu. I-tarantula yaseNingizimu Russia ihlala eRussia nase-Ukraine futhi yaziwa ngesigqoko sayo esimnyama.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Uhlobo lweLycosa aragogi, olutholakala e-Iran, lubizwa ngegama lesicabucabu esikhulu i-Aragog esivela ezincwadini ezikhuluma ngale wizard esencane ethi "Harry Potter".
Ezilimini eziningi zaseYurophu, igama elithi tarantula lisho ama-tarantula. Lokhu kuholela ekudidekeni lapho kuhunyushwa imibhalo evela ezilimini zakwamanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi, kusuka esiNgisini. Ku-biology yanamuhla, amaqembu ama-tarantula nama-tarantulas awahlangani. Abokuqala bangabesicabucabu se-araneomorphic, esokugcina esingezokufuduka.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: I-tarantula yesicabucabu esinobuthi
Umzimba wonke wesicabucabu umbozwe izinwele ezinhle. Isakhiwo somzimba sehlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko - isisu kanye ne-cephalothorax. Ekhanda kunezinhlayiya ezi-4 zamehlo, ezi-2 zazo zincane futhi zifakwe kulayini oqondile, ezinye zakha i-trapezoid ngendawo yazo.
Ividiyo: Isicabucabu tarantula
Lokhu kubekwa kukuvumela ukuthi ubone konke okuzungeze ukubuka okungama-360-degree. Ngaphezu kwesisetshenziswa esibonakalayo esithuthukiswe kahle, ama-tarantula anomqondo ophunga kakhulu. Lokhu kubanikeza amandla okunuka isisulu emabangeni amakhulu kakhulu.
Usayizi we-arthropods mkhulu kakhulu:
- ubude bomzimba - 2-10 cm;
- umlenze ubude - 30 cm;
- isisindo sabesifazane sifinyelela ku-90 g.
Njengezinye izinambuzane, izicabucabu zesifazane zikhulu kakhulu kunezeduna. Kukho konke ukuphila kwabo, abantu molt izikhathi eziningana. Lapho kwenzeka kaningi lokhu, bayashesha ukuguga. Ngamabhangqa amane ezinqina ezinoboya obude, isicabucabu sihamba ngokunethezeka phezu kwesihlabathi noma ezindaweni zamanzi. Izindonga zithuthukiswa kakhulu kwabesilisa kunabesifazane.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izitho zingagobela kuphela, ngakho-ke umuntu olimele uba buthakathaka futhi abe sengozini. Imilenze igobile ngenxa yemisipha ye-flexor, futhi ayigoqeki ngaphansi kwengcindezi ye-hemolymph. Amathambo ama-arachnids nawo abuthakathaka, ngakho-ke noma yikuphi ukuwa kungaba okokugcina.
I-Chelicerae (amandla) ifakwe amapayipi anobuthi. Ngenxa yabo, ama-arthropods angavikela noma ahlasele. Izicabucabu zivame ukuba mpunga, nsundu noma mnyama ngombala. I-dimorphism yezocansi ithuthukiswe kahle. Amakhulu kunawo wonke ama-tarantula aseMelika. Ozakwabo baseYurophu baphansi kakhulu kubo ngosayizi.
Ihlala kuphi isicabucabu i-tarantula?
Isithombe: Spider tarantula ovela eRed Book
Izindawo zokuhlala zezinhlobo zimelwe yizinhlobonhlobo eziningi - ingxenye eseningizimu ye-Eurasia, iNyakatho Afrika, i-Australia, iCentral ne-Asia Minor, iMelika. Abamele uhlobo bangatholakala eRussia, ePortugal, e-Italy, e-Ukraine, eSpain, e-Austria, eMongolia, eRomania, eGrisi. Ama-arthropod akhetha izifunda ezomile ukuze aphile.
Bahlala ikakhulu ku:
- izingwadule;
- ama-steppes;
- izingwadule eziyisiqingatha;
- ihlathi-emaqeleni;
- izingadi;
- izingadi zemifino;
- emasimini;
- izimfunda;
- ngasogwini lomfula.
Ama-tararantul ama-arachnids e-thermophilic, ngakho-ke awatholakali ezindaweni ezibandayo ezisenyakatho. Abantu abakhethi ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zabo zokuhlala, ngakho-ke bahlala ngisho nasezintabeni ezinosawoti. Abanye bayakwazi ukungena ezindlini. Kusatshalaliswe eTurkmenistan, eCaucasus, eSouth-Western Siberia, eCrimea.
Izicabucabu eziningi ezidla ezinye zithanda ukuhlala emigodini ezimba yona. Bakhetha indawo yezindlu zabo zesikhathi esizayo ngokucophelela okukhulu. Ukujula kwemigodi emi mpo kungafinyelela kumasentimitha angama-60. Baphatha amatshe amancane baya eceleni, futhi badonsa umhlaba ngezidladla zabo. Izindonga zesikhoselo se-tarantula zimbozwe ngezintambo zomhlanga. Iyazamazama futhi ikuvumela ukuthi uhlole isimo ngaphandle.
Ekupheleni kwekwindla, izicabucabu zilungiselela ubusika futhi zijulise indawo yokuhlala ekujuleni kwemitha elilodwa. Indawo yokungena kulo mgodi ixhunywe ngamaqabunga namagatsha. Entwasahlobo, izilwane ziyaphuma endlini zihudule izihluthulelo ngemuva kwazo. Uma siqhamuka kungazelelwe, maningi amathuba okuthi isilwane singabe sisathola indawo yaso yokukhosela futhi kuzofanela sigubhe umgodi omusha.
Manje uyazi lapho kuhlala khona isicabucabu se-tarantula. Ake sibone ukuthi isicabucabu esinobuthi sidlani.
Yini isicabucabu se-tarantula esidlayo?
Isithombe: Spider tarantula eRussia
Ama-Tarantulas yizilwane ezizingelayo zangempela. Balinda izisulu zabo ekuqamekeleni, bese bebahlasela ngokushesha.
Ukudla kwe-arthropods kufaka izinambuzane eziningi nama-amphibian:
- IZhukov;
- amacimbi;
- amaphela;
- ibhere;
- amakhilikithi;
- amabhungane omhlabathi;
- amaxoxo amancane.
Ngemuva kokubamba inyamazane, ama-arachnids afaka ubuthi bawo kuyo, ngaleyo ndlela ayikhubaze. Lapho ubuthi buqala ukusebenza, izitho zangaphakathi zesisulu ziphenduka into engamanzi, okuthi emva kwesikhathi esithile ama-tarantula amunce njenge-cocktail.
Imvamisa, izilwane ezidla ezinye zikhetha inyamazane yazo ngosayizi wazo futhi zelule ukudla ezikudlayo izinsuku ezimbalwa. Abantu bangaphila ngaphandle kokudla isikhathi eside, kepha ukuthola amanzi njalo kufanele. Kukhona icala elaziwayo lapho i-tarantula yesifazane yakwazi ukungadli iminyaka emibili.
Eduze komgodi, ama-arachnids adonsa imicu yesiginali. Lapho nje bezwa ukuthi othile ukhasa edlula ekhaya labo, bavele bakhase baphume babambe inyamazane. Uma isisulu kuvela sikhulu, lesi silwane sigxumela emuva siphinde sigxumele kuso futhi ukuze silume futhi.
Uma inyamazane izama ukuhlehla, isicabucabu siyayijaha kuze kube isigamu sehora, ngezikhathi ezithile ziluma okusha. Sonke lesi sikhathi uzama ukuba kude kakhulu nomuntu ohlukunyeziwe. Imvamisa ekupheleni kwempi, isilwane siyasondela bese sithola isidlo sakusihlwa esifanelekile.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Spider tarantula
Ama-tararantula, ngokungafani nozakwabo, awaluki amawebhu. Bangabazingeli abakhuthele futhi bakhetha ukubamba inyamazane yabo bodwa. Basebenzisa iwebhu njengezicupho ukuthola ngebhungane noma esinye isinambuzane esedlula. Ama-weave angaxwayisa ngengozi ezayo.
Usuku lonke ama-arthropods ahlala emgodini, kuthi kusihlwa aphume endaweni yokukhosela ayozingela. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, bavala umnyango womhume wabo bese bengena ebusika. Phakathi kwabantu ngabanye, kuneminyaka eyikhulu yangempela. Amanye ama-subspecies angaba khona kuze kube yiminyaka engama-30. Ingxenye eyinhloko yalezi zinhlobo iphila ngokwesilinganiso seminyaka engu-3-10. Abesifazane banesikhathi eside sokuphila.
Ukukhula kwesicabucabu akupheli kunoma yisiphi isigaba sentuthuko. Ngakho-ke, ama-exoskeleton awo ayashintsha kaningi njengoba ekhula. Lokhu kwenza isilwane sikwazi ukuvuselela izitho ezilahlekile. Nge-molt elandelayo, umlenze uzobuyela emuva, kepha uzoba mncane kakhulu kunezinye izitho. Ngokulandelayo, ama-molts alandelayo, azofinyelela usayizi wawo ojwayelekile.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Isikhathi esiningi izicabucabu zihamba phansi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi zikhuphuka ezihlahleni noma kwezinye izinto. Ama-tararantula anezipho ezisemilenzeni, okuthi, njengamakati, azikhulule ukuze zibambe kangcono lapho zikhuphuka khona.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-tarantula yesicabucabu esinobuthi
Isikhathi sokwenza ucansi senzeka ngenyanga yokugcina yehlobo. Iduna liluka iwebhu, ngemuva kwalokho liqala ukulihlikihla isisu ngalo. Lokhu kuphakamisa ukukhipha uketshezi lwesisu, oluthelwa kuwebhu lobulembu. Eyesilisa igxumela izihlokwana zayo kuyo, emunca isidoda bese ilungela ukuvundiswa.
Okulandelayo kuza isigaba sokufuna owesifazane. Ngemuva kokuthola umuntu ofanelekayo, owesilisa ukhipha isidlidlizi ngesisu sakhe bese enza imidanso yesiko, eheha abesifazane. Bayenga ukufihla abesifazane ngokuthepha izidladla zabo phansi. Uma umlingani ephindisela, isicabucabu sifaka okufakwayo kwaso ku-cloaca sayo bese kwenzeka ukukhulelwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, owesilisa usheshe athathe umhlalaphansi ukuze angabi ngukudla kwalowo amkhethile. Insikazi iluka umfece emgodini, lapho izalela khona amaqanda. Ngasikhathi, inombolo yabo ingafinyelela izingcezu ezingama-50-2000. Insikazi ithwala inzalo ngezinye izinsuku ezingama-40-50. Izingane ezichanyuselwayo zisuka esiswini sikanina ziye emuva futhi zihlale lapho kuze kube yilapho sezikwazi ukuzimela zodwa.
Izicabucabu zikhula ngokushesha futhi ngokushesha ziqala ukunambitha inyamazane ebanjwe ngumama. Ngemuva kwe-molt yokuqala, bayahlakazeka. Ngeminyaka engu-2-3, izilwane ezidla ezinye ziyavuthwa ngokocansi. Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-arthropods ancishwa umuzwa wokuzivikela futhi kulula ukuhlangana nawo emini.
Izitha zemvelo zesicabucabu se-tarantula
Isithombe: I-tarantula yesicabucabu esimnyama
I-tarantula inezitha ezanele. Izinyoni yizona eziyimbangela yokufa kwamathambo, ngoba ayingxenye yokudla kwale nyoni. Iminyovu izama impilo yama-arachnids, njengoba kwenza izicabucabu ngezisulu zazo. Bafaka ushevu emzimbeni we-tarantula, bekhubaza umhlaseli.
Bese bebeka amaqanda abo ngaphakathi kwesicabucabu. Izimuncagazi zihlala futhi zikhule, emva kwalokho ziyaphuma. Izitha zemvelo zifaka ezinye izinhlobo zezintuthwane kanye nama-mantis okuthandaza, angakhethi ukudla nhlobo futhi amunce konke okuhambayo. Amaxoxo nezibankwa abanankinga nokudla ama-tarantula.
Isitha esiyingozi kunazo zonke namanje isicabucabu esifanayo. Ama-arthropods athanda ukudlana. Owesifazane ngenkathi kukhulelwa angaphazamisa impilo yowesilisa, njengentokazi ekhulekayo, noma adle inzalo yakhe uma engakwazi ukubamba isinambuzane.
Umbango oqhubekayo uphakathi kwama-tarantula namabhere. Izindawo abahlala kuzo ziyahlangana. Amabhere emba inhlabathi, lapho izicabucabu zivame ukugibela khona. Kwesinye isikhathi abantu bayakwazi ukubaleka. Ama-arthropods alimele noma e-molting ngokuvamile aba ukudla kwesitha.
Ngokuyinhloko, inani labantu lithinteka kakhulu ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Lapho ama-arachnids abuthakathaka nabazelayo ephuma ezindlini zabo zokuhlala, ibhere likhona lapho. Kwesinye isikhathi bagibela emigodini yesicabucabu bese behlasela ama-tarantula ngezitho zabo zangaphambili, bashaye kanzima. Lapho isicabucabu silahlekelwa igazi eliningi, ibhere liyasidla.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Spider tarantula
Ama-tararantula ajwayelekile kakhulu emahlathini asemahlathini, emaqeleni nasehlane. Inani labo lincipha kancane kancane minyaka yonke, kepha kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, izicabucabu zempisi zikwazile ukumisa inqubo yokwehla kwabantu futhi zaze zayiqinisa. Ukushisa kwesimo sezulu kube nomthelela omuhle kulokhu.
Umsebenzi wezohwebo ungenye yezizathu eziyinhloko zokwehla kwenani lama-arthropods. Emazweni omhlaba wesithathu, ama-arachnid ayabanjwa ukuze awathengise ngemali encane futhi akwazi ukuziphilisa. Emazweni anomnotho omncane othuthukile, kunokuncipha okukhulu kwenani lama-tarantula.
Kusukela ngo-1995 kuya ku-2004, eRepublic of Tatarstan, lolu hlobo lwalubonwa ezifundeni zaseNizhnekamsk, Yelabuga, Zelenodolsk, Tetyushsky, Chistopolsk, Almetyevsk, lapho ukubonakala kwalo kwaqoshwa khona izikhathi ezi-3 kuye kwezingu-10. Ikakhulu abantu batholakala bodwa.
Amahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo agawulwa ngezinga elikhulu ngenxa yokwanda kwabantu. IBolivia neBrazil basebenzisa izindlela zezimayini zobuciko zegolide nedayimane elonakalisa umhlaba. Amanzi adonswa ngaphansi komhlaba, ngenxa yalokho kwephulwa ubuqotho bomhlaba. Lokhu, nakho, kuholela emiphumeleni emibi ngokuba khona kwezwe lezilwane.
Unogada wesicabucabu iTarantula
Isithombe: Spider tarantula ovela eRed Book
I-tarantula yaseNingizimu Russia, enegama lesibili iMizgir, ibhalwe kuRed Book of the Republic of Tatarstan futhi inikezwe isigaba 3 sezinhlobo ezinciphisa inani; eRed Book of Udmurtia, lapho yabelwa khona isigaba 4 esinesimo esingachazwanga; Incwadi Ebomvu yesifunda saseNizhny Novgorod esigabeni B3.
Izici ezinomkhawulo yimisebenzi esebenzayo yezolimo yabantu, izitha zemvelo, ukucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala, utshani obomile bawa, ushintsho ezingeni lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, ukunyathelwa kwama-biotopes amanzi, ukusebenza kwamasosha endaweni enamahlane, ukwanda ezindaweni ezilinyiwe.
Lezi zinhlobo zivikelwe isiqiwu semvelo iZhigulevsky, indawo yokulondolozela imvelo yasePrisursky endaweni yaseBatyrevsky, kanye nepaki kazwelonke iSamarskaya Luka. Izindlela zokongiwa kwemvelo zifaka ukuqwashisa phakathi kwabahlali ukukhawulela ukuthunjwa kwama-arthropods. EMexico, kunamapulazi okuzalisa ama-tarantula.
Izindlela zokonga ezizosetshenziswa zifaka phakathi ukukhomba izindawo zemvelo zama-arachnids nokunikeza ukuvikelwa okudingekayo ezinhlotsheni. Ukuqedwa kwawa utshani obomile entwasahlobo. Inhlangano yeNP Zavolzhye. Ukuvinjelwa noma ukuqedwa komsebenzi wezomnotho, ukuvinjelwa kwamakhemikhali okufafaza izitshalo, ukumiswa kokudla kwamadlelo.
Isicabucabu tarantula Akusona isilwane esinolaka. Ukhetha ukubalekela ekuhlaselweni komuntu. Lokhu kuhlasela kungacasulwa yizenzo zabantu abathinte isicabucabu noma abasondele kakhulu emgodini. Ngenhlanhla, ukulunywa yisilwane kufana nokwenyosi, futhi negazi lesicabucabu ngokwalo linganciphisa umphumela wobuthi ngendlela engcono kakhulu.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 06/14/2019
Idethi yokubuyekeza: 25.09.2019 ngo-21: 54
