Peacock uvemvane inephethini enhle kakhulu emaphikweni, ngakho-ke kwesinye isikhathi igcinwa ngisho nasekhaya. Unesizotha futhi ubekezelela ukuthunjwa kahle uma izimo zilungile. Ngokwemvelo, kungabonakala cishe kunoma iyiphi inyanga efudumele, kepha ayijwayelekile kangako kunesifuba noma iklabishi, ikakhulukazi emadolobheni.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Peacock Butterfly
ILepidoptera yavela kudala kakhulu: ekuqaleni kwesikhathi seJurassic, cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingamakhulu amabili ngaphambi kwenkathi yethu. Kancane kancane, zavela, kwavela izinhlobo eziningi, futhi zasakazeka ngokuzungezile emhlabeni wonke kanye nokusabalala kwezitshalo eziqhakaza kuwo.
Ngesikhathi sokuziphendukela kwemvelo, i-proboscis yakhiwa, baqala ukuhlala isikhathi esiningi ngesimo se-imago, kwavela izinhlobo eziningi ngokwengeziwe ezinamaphiko amakhulu futhi amahle. Ukwakheka kokugcina kwezinhlobo eziningi zesimanje kubangelwa yiNeogene - ngasikhathi sinye kwavela iso lepigogo.
Ividiyo: Peacock Butterfly
Lona, kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-6,000, liyingxenye yomndeni omkhulu we-nymphalid. Kubukeka sengathi isifuba, okungamangalisi, ngoba singabohlobo olufanayo. Izimpiko zayo ziyithoni efanayo emnyama neyolintshi, futhi zivele kuphela ngephethini ekhanyayo nenhle kakhulu.
Incazelo yaqala ukwenziwa nguCarus Linnaeus ngo-1759. Wabe esethola igama eliqondile elithi Papilio io. Ngemuva kwalokho yaguqulwa okokuqala yaba yi-Inachis io - leli gama lathathwa ezinganekwaneni zeGrisi yasendulo, futhi lahlanganisa igama leNkosi u-Inach nendodakazi yakhe u-Io.
Kepha ekugcineni, le nhlanganisela engokomfanekiso bekufanele ithathelwe indawo ngu-Aglais io ukuze kunqunywe kahle indawo yezinhlobo ezihlukanisweni. Kukhona neso lepigogo lasebusuku, kepha lolu hlobo aluhlobene kakhulu: lungolomhlobo ohlukile ngisho nomndeni.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Butterfly night peacock eye
Akunzima ukuhlukanisa kwezinye izimvemvane, lokhu kungenziwa ngephethini esemaphikweni - ngalinye linombuthano ophuzi ekhoneni, ngaphakathi okukhona okunye, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ibukeka ngempela njengeso. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umbala oyinhloko wephiko ubukeka ufana ne-urticaria, ithoni ecebile ye-orange iyanqoba.
Kepha uhlangothi olubhekene namaphiko lubukeka luhluke ngokuphelele: kumnyama mpunga, ucishe ube mnyama. Lo mbala undiza uvemvane njengeqabunga elomile futhi ulivumele lihlale licishe lingabonakali kwizilwane ezidla iziqu zemithi lapho lifukamela ubusika noma nje liphumula futhi livala amaphiko alo.
Ububanzi bawo bungaphezu kwesilinganiso - cishe ngo-60-65 mm. Banomphetho wangaphandle omazombezombe onomugqa we-tinge ekhanyayo onsundu eceleni kwawo. Umzimba ukhuluphele, njengezinye izinhlobo ze-urticaria, isisetshenziswa somlomo esithuthukisiwe esine-proboscis.
Uvemvane lunamehlo anezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kunemilenze eyisithupha, kepha isine kuphela esetshenziselwa ukuhamba, futhi umbhangqwana wangaphambili awuthuthukisiwe kahle. I-dimorphism yezocansi ibizwa: abesifazane bakhulu kakhulu kunabesilisa.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukukhanya kombala wovemvane kunqunywa ukuthi isimo sezulu sasifudumele kangakanani ngesikhathi sokukhula kanye nokukhula komfundi. Ukube bekupholile, amaphiko azoba mancane, futhi esimweni sezulu esifudumele kakhulu, umthunzi uzogcwala ikakhulukazi.
Manje usuwazi umehluko phakathi kosuku lwevevane nepikoko. Ake sibheke ukuthi uvemvane olukhanyayo lwasemini ludlani nokuthi luhlalaphi.
Uhlala kuphi uvemvane lesipikoko?
Isithombe: Iso lePeacock Day Peacock
Ezindaweni ezinkulu, kufaka phakathi cishe yonke iYurophu nengxenye enkulu ye-Asia. Lezi zimvemvane zithanda isimo sezulu esipholile nesishisayo, ngakho-ke kulula ukuzithola eRussia, njengakwezinye izindawo zase-Eurasia, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezishisayo eziseningizimu nezingwadule, kanye ne-tundra.
Ukugxila kwabo kuphakame kakhulu eJalimane, ngokujwayelekile e-Central Europe. Bahlala naseziqhingini eziningi ezungeze i-Eurasia, ngokwesibonelo, eJapan. Kepha hhayi nakancane: ngakho-ke, iso lepigogo alizange lifinyelele eKrethe. Ngasizathu simbe, lezi zimvemvane azikho eNyakatho Afrika, yize isimo sezulu sizifanele.
Esikhathini esiningi zingatholakala ekuhlanzweni kwamahlathi nasezizeni zomuntu siqu - zithanda izindawo eziseduze namahlathi, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye zikhanyiswe kahle yilanga futhi zicebile ngezimbali. Zivame ukundiza zingene ehlathini eliwugqinsi, ngoba alikho ilanga elanele, futhi kunengozi yokulimaza amaqabunga ngokundiza phakathi kwezimila eziminyene kakhulu.
Bangaphila futhi endaweni enezintaba eziphakathi nendawo kuze kufike ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-2 500; abasatholakali ngaphezulu. Bathanda amapaki asehlathini, futhi ikakhulukazi amapaki amadolobha, atholakala ezingadini, ekuhlanzweni, kanye nasogwini lwamachibi nemifula - ngamafuphi, ukuhamba ngokwemvelo loluvemvane lungatholakala ngisho nasedolobheni. Kepha inani labo ngokusobala liyimiyalo ephansi yobukhulu uma iqhathaniswa ne-urticaria efanayo.
Imvamisa, iso lepikoko lihamba amabanga amade ukuze lithole indawo yokuhlala efanelekile: zingandiza amashumi ngisho namakhulu amakhilomitha, yize kubathatha isikhathi eside - uvemvane alukwazi ukunqoba ibanga elide ngasikhathi sinye, ludinga ukuvuselela amandla alo ngompe nokuphumula, ukuthamela ilanga.
Ludlani uvemvane lwe-peacock?
Isithombe: Peacock Butterfly
Umpe wezitshalo eziningi.
Phakathi kwazo:
- ama-sivets;
- umdala;
- idandelion;
- i-thyme;
- i-thymus;
- marigold;
- wezwa umthwalo;
- i-clover;
- i-marjoram;
- nabanye abaningi.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke uyamthanda ubhudi. Umpe uwumthombo oyinhloko futhi cishe uwukuphela komthombo wokuphila kovemvane oludala, kodwa ngaphandle kwawo, iso lepigogo nalo lihehwa yisihlawu somuthi - ngakho-ke, kuvame ukubonakala ezihlahleni ziwaphuza.
Esinye isiphuzo esiyintandokazi ijusi yezithelo ezivutshiwe, zivame ukuphakelwa izimvemvane ekuthunjweni, ngoba kulula ukuzithola. Futhi, ukondla uvemvane, unganciphisa uju noma ushukela emanzini - kwesinye isikhathi kunezelwa izingcezu zezithelo. Udinga ukondla uvemvane ekuthunjweni nsuku zonke.
Okwezibungu, izitshalo zefolishi yilezi:
- imbabazane;
- hop;
- okusajingijolo;
- umnyezane;
- i-rakita;
- Hemp.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Uvemvane futhi lungasebusika egumbini elifudumele, kepha izinqubo zalo zokuphila kuleli cala ngeke zehlise ijubane ngokwanele, futhi lizosebenza kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, izophuma ebusheni basebusuku isivele indala futhi izondiza isikhathi esifushane kakhulu, noma izofa ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokulala.
Ngakho-ke, uma uvemvane kuvele ukuthi lusefulethini lakho ebusika, kufanele ulikhiphe ngokucophelela ulibeke endaweni eseceleni, ngokwesibonelo, ekamelweni elisophahleni. Lapho-ke ukulala kwakhe kuzolunga.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Peacock Day Butterfly
Ngendlela ye-imago ibonakala ekuqaleni kwehlobo futhi ijabulela impilo kuze kube nguSepthemba - ngokunembile, kuze kufike isikhathi lapho kufika amakhaza ekwindla. Lezi zimvemvane zichitha ingxenye ebalulekile yempilo yazo lapho zindiza, futhi zingasebenza futhi zingasebenzi - sibonga amaphiko azo abanzi, zonga amandla ngokuhlela nje.
Zisebenza ekukhanyeni kwelanga kuphela - lapho nje kuqala ukubanda kusihlwa, zifuna indawo yokulala ubusuku bonke. Bathanda ukukhanya kwelanga nokufudumala, ngoba badinga amandla amaningi ezindizeni - ngakho-ke bangathola ilanga isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuqala indiza elandelayo.
Futhi badinga isimo sezulu esihle ukuze bandize. Ngakho-ke, uma izinkathi zemvula nezamakhaza ehlobo zidonsa, ukwehluleka kwenzeka esweni lepigogo - uvemvane lungena ebusika obufushane behlobo. Imvamisa uchitha kuze kube yisonto kuwo futhi abuyele empilweni esebenzayo ngemuva nje kokuba sekufudumele futhi libalele futhi.
Iso lepigogo liyisibindi eside sangempela; ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kokubala izikhathi zokulala ubusika, ingaphila unyaka wonke. Ngemuva kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, kuya ebusika. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi endaweni efudumele ngokukhethekile, iso lepigogo lingaphinde liqine ngaphezu kwesikhathi okwesibili, liphinde livuke ebusika ngenxa yentwasahlobo.
Ngakho-ke, loluvemvane lungatholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo cishe unyaka wonke - kusuka ngoMashi kuya ku-Okthoba. Vele, ezindaweni ezinamazinga okushisa aphansi lokhu mancane amathuba okuthi, entwasahlobo ungahlangana nezimvemvane kuphela ngengozi zivuswe umncibilikisi, futhi zindiza maduzane nje.
Maye, ukufa cishe kuzobalinda, ngoba uvemvane oluvuka ngaphambi kwesikhathi lusebenzisa amandla amaningi futhi alunakuligcwalisa ngenani elifanele - yize kwesinye isikhathi likwazi ukuthola indawo yokuhlala futhi liqhubeke nobusika ukuze liphinde livuke lapho selifudumele ngempela.
Ukuchitha ubusika, udinga ukuthola indawo lapho kungeke kubande njengasemoyeni ovulekile, kepha futhi kungafudumali: angakhuphuka ngaphansi kwamagxolo ezihlahla, ajule phansi ehlathini, kumabhalkhoni nakuma-attic. Into esemqoka ukuthi le ndawo ivikelekile emakhazeni nasezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
Ngesikhathi sobusika, uvemvane luyakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aqandayo, yize ukuvezwa kwawo kungathandeki. Kepha ngeke akwazi ukuphendula kulokhu kuhlaselwa, futhi agcwalise izinqolobane zakhe zokugcina umsoco - ngakho-ke, udinga ukukhetha indawo eyimfihlo futhi uyibeke kusengaphambili.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ama-butterflies we-peacock
Lezi zimvemvane zihlala ngamunye ngamunye. Lapho kuqala inkathi yokuzalanisa, abesilisa bahlukanisa insimu bodwa, ngemuva kwalokho ngamunye ulinda ukuba kuvele insikazi. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, uqala isiko lokukhwelana, okubandakanya ukundiza kanye nemidanso yokukhwelana. Futhi, izimvemvane zisakaza ama-pheromone azizungezile, okwenza kube lula ngabo ukuthi batholane.
Ngenxa yalokho, insikazi iyavundiswa bese izalela amaqanda ayikhulu noma amakhulu ambalwa, cishe njalo ezimbabazeni. Kubathatha isonto elilodwa noma amabili ngaphambi kokuba izibungu zivele kubo - esimweni sezulu esifudumele kwenzeka ngokushesha, futhi lapho kubanda kuhlala isikhathi eside.
Ukuguqulwa okuphelele kuyisici salezi zinambuzane. Izibungu zesizukulwane sokuqala zivela ngoMeyi, bese kuthi eyesibili ibe phakathi nehlobo. Ekuqaleni bahlala emndenini, futhi lapho bekhula, bayaqhamuka komunye nomunye bese beqala ukuhlala ngokuhlukana.
Amacimbi anombala omnyama futhi ambozwe imiqolo emide, yize empeleni enikeza ukuvikeleka okuncane ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, kodwa aklanyelwe, okungenani, ukwethusa amanye awo. Isibungu sibukeka singenakufinyeleleka impela, kepha izilwane ezidla ezinye sezijwayele lolu hlobo, yize zingathinta izingane ezincane hhayi ikakhulukazi ezilambile.
Sekukonke, ngesimo sesibungu, iso lepigogo liphila isikhathi esingangenyanga, futhi umsebenzi walo ophambili ngalesi sikhathi wukudla okunomsoco. Uququda iqabunga cishe njalo, futhi akhule izikhathi ezingama-20, isisindo sakhe sikhula ngokwengeziwe. Ngemuva kwalokho iyazikhukhumeza futhi ichithe ngale ndlela, ngokuya ngesimo sezulu, izinsuku eziyi-10-20 - njengasendabeni yokuguquka kusuka eqandeni kuye kwisibungu, kufudumele, kushesha ukudlula kuleli fomu.
Isiphungumangathi sinamathiselwa eziqwini zezihlahla, ezicijile, ezindongeni, kuya ngombala wobuso baso, umbala waso nawo ungahluka, ulingise imvelo - kungaba kusuka kokuluhlaza okukhanyayo kuye kobunsundu obumnyama. Isiphungumangathi, njengesibungu, sinezinsipho.
Lapho intuthuko iphela, ekugcineni, iphula umfece, umqhele wokukhula kovemvane, imago, ifomu layo labantu abadala liyavela. Uzodinga isikhathi esincane kakhulu ukujwayela amaphiko, ngemuva kwalokho uzobe esekulungele ngokuphelele ukundiza.
Izitha zemvelo zezimvemvane zepigogo
Isithombe: Peacock Butterfly
Izimvemvane zinezitha eziningi ngazo zonke izindlela - zisengozini kunoma yisiphi isigaba sempilo. Kwezimvemvane ezindala - ngezinga elincane kunezinye, kepha noma kunjalo zivame ukufela kuzipho noma uqhwaku lwezilwane ezizingelayo.
Zizingelwa ngu:
- amagundane;
- izinyoni;
- izinambuzane ezinkulu;
- ezihuquzelayo.
Kwakungukuvikela kulezi zitha lapho iso lepikoko lathola umbala ogqame kangako. Kubonakala sengathi akusizi ngalutho kulokhu, kunalokho, ukhipha uvemvane! Eqinisweni, lapho amaphiko ayo evulekile, ihlala iphapheme futhi ilungele ukundiza isuke kumzingeli, kodwa lapho iphumula, iyawavala bese ihlangana namagxolo ezihlahla.
Uma umhlaseli kodwa ambonile futhi ehlaselwa, uvula izimpiko zakhe ngokucijile, futhi okwesikhashana amdide ngenxa yokushintshwa kombala obukhali - lo mzuzu omfushane kwesinye isikhathi wenele ukumsindisa. Imvamisa, izimvemvane ziyafa ngenxa yezinyoni, ezishesha kakhulu futhi ezikwazi ukuzibamba ngisho nasezindizeni. Kunzima kakhulu kwezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye ukwenza lokhu, ngakho-ke okusele nje ukuzilalela.
Izibungu zizingelwa yizilwane ezidla ezinye njengabantu abadala, futhi ngokwengeziwe - izibungu zinomsoco ngokwengeziwe, ngaphezu kwalokho, zihamba kancane kakhulu, futhi ngokuqinisekile azikwazi ukuhamba. Ngakho-ke, inani elikhulu labo liyaqothulwa - sekuvele kuyimpumelelo enkulu ukuhlala kumkhuhlane, ngisho naku-imago - ngisho nangaphezulu, ngoba i-chrysalis ayinakho ukuzivikela ngokwengeziwe.
Njengasendabeni yabantu abadala, amacimbi ahlushwa kakhulu yizinyoni ezithanda ukundiza ziye emaqoqweni azo futhi zidle eziningi zazo ngasikhathi sinye. Kepha izilwane ezihuquzelayo namagundane cishe azishiyi emuva: kunzima ukubamba uvemvane oludala, kepha isibungu yinto ehluke ngokuphelele. Zisongelwa ngisho nayizintuthwane ezikwazi ukubulala isibungu esikhulu ngosayizi ngenxa yezenzo ezihlelwe kahle.
Basenazo izindlela zokuzivikela ezitheni: bangathatha indawo esongelayo, kube sengathi bazozihlasela ngokwabo, baqale ukungena kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, uma behlala ndawonye - ngakho-ke okungenani ingxenye izosinda, isonge ibe ibhola bese iwela phansi. Futhi, kungakhishwa uketshezi oluhlaza oklanyelwe ukwethusa umhlaseli.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: I-peacock butterfly ekhanyayo
Amehlo epigogo awanaso isimo sokongiwa kwemvelo, ngoba akuyona eyenhlobo yezinhlobo ezingandile - ziningi kakhulu emvelweni. Kepha amanani abo ancipha kancane kancane phakathi nekhulu lama-20, futhi ukuthambekela okufanayo kwaqhubeka emashumini okuqala ekhulu lama-21.
Kuze kube manje, lesi simo asikona ukubucayi, noma kunjalo, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuvikela loluvemvane ezindaweni ezithile, ngaphandle kwalokho ukwehliswa kobubanzi balo kungenzeka - ezindaweni eziningi inani labantu lehle lacishe laba ngamanani abucayi.
Lokhu kungenxa yesimo esibi semvelo, ikakhulukazi, ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwezibulala-zinambuzane. Futhi inkinga enkulu ukwehliswa kwendawo ehlala izitshalo, ezisebenza njengesisekelo sokudla kwamacimbi. Kwezinye izindawo, sekuphele nya, kanti izimvemvane ziyanyamalala emva kwazo.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Lapho ugcina uvemvane ekhaya, udinga ukulibeka ebusika. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yondle, bese uyifaka embizeni noma ebhokisini (kufanele kube nezimbobo zokungenisa umoya) bese uyibeka endaweni epholile - izinga lokushisa elihle kakhulu ebusika lingu-0-5 ° C.
I-balcony e-glazed isebenza kahle kakhulu, kepha futhi ungafaka uvemvane esiqandisini. Uma kukhethwa imbiza ebonakalayo futhi izoma kuvulandi, kufanele unakekele ukufiphazwa kwayo - ukungabikho kokukhanya kubalulekile. Ngakho-ke, kuvulandi kuyathandeka esiqandisini, ngoba kokugcina, lapho kuvulwa, ukukhanya kuzokhanya.
Peacock uvemvane ayibangeli monakalo ezitshalweni ezilinyiwe. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ihlushwa yizenzo zabantu, inani labantu bayo liyancipha kancane kancane, futhi selicishe layeka ukwenzeka kwezinye izindawo lapho lalisakazeke khona phambilini. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukuzama ukuyivikela futhi usize izimvemvane ezilahlekile ukuze zisinde ebusika.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: Juni 16, 2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 23.09.2019 ngo-18: 30
