I-Hoopoe - encane ngosayizi, kodwa inyoni ekhumbulekayo impela enezimpaphe ezikhanyayo, uqhwaku oluncane olucekethekileyo nesidlakela esimise okwe fan. Kungumndeni wakwa-Upupidae (hoopoe). Kunezinkolelo eziningi ezihambisana nenyoni. ERussia, ukukhala kwakhe kwaqondwa njengenkulumo ethi "Kubi lapha!", Okubhekwe njengebika elibi.
Eningizimu yeRussia nase-Ukraine, ukukhala kwama-hoopoe kwakuhambisana nokuqala kwemvula. Ezinganekwaneni zaseCaucasus, kwakushiwo ngokuvela kophimbo lwezinyoni. “Ngelinye ilanga umukhwe wabona umalokazana wakhe ehlanganisa izinwele zakhe. Ngenxa yamahloni, lo wesifazane wafuna ukuphenduka inyoni, ikama lahlala ezinweleni zakhe.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Hoopoe
Amagama ama-hoopoe ngezilimi ezahlukene amafomu e-onomatopoeic alingisa ukukhala kwenyoni. I-hoopoe yaqala ukuhlukaniswa emgqonyeni weCoraciiformes. Kepha ku-Sibley-Alquist taxonomy, ama-hoopoe ahlukaniswa namaCoraciiformes njengohlelo oluhlukile lwe-Upupiformes. Manje bonke ababheki bezinyoni bayavuma ukuthi i-hoopoe ngeye-hornbill.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izinhlobo zezinsalela azinikezi isithombe esiphelele ngemvelaphi ye-hoopoe. Umlando wezinsalela zezihlobo zawo mdala kakhulu: isihlahla sawo sabuyela emuva eMiocene, kanye nasemndenini ohlobene nowaphela, iMesselirrisoridae, uqala.
Izihlobo zayo eziseduze ngabadobi bamakhosi nabadla izinyosi. Noma kunjalo, ama-hoopoes ahlukile ngombala nokuziphatha. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphansi kwesishiyagalolunye ze-hoopoe (kanti olunye ucwaningo lwezifundo lukhombisa ukuthi kufanele zithathwe njengezinhlobo ezihlukile). Izinhlobo ezingaphansi kweziyisishiyagalolunye ze-hoopoe ziphawulwe ku "Umhlahlandlela Wezinyoni Zomhlaba", futhi lezi zinhlayiya ziyehluka ngosayizi nokujula kombala kuzimpaphe. Umnotho ongaphansi kwamaqembu angaphansi akucaci futhi uvame ukuphikiswa, kanti amanye ama-taxonomists ahlukanisa phakathi kwama-subspecies amabili africana ne-marginata anezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezihlukene:
- i-epops epops - i-hoopoe ejwayelekile;
- ama-epops longirostris;
- epops ceylonensis;
- epops waibeli;
- i-epops senegalensis - i-hoopoe yaseSenegal;
- epops ezinkulu;
- epops saturata;
- epops africana - Afrika
- i-epops marginata - iMadagascar.
Uhlobo lwe-Upupa lwakhiwa nguLinnaeus ngo-1758.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Izinyoni zezinyoni
Abukho ubuhlakani obucacisiwe bezocansi kuma-hoopoe; owesifazane mncane kancane kunowesilisa futhi unombala othulisiwe kancane. Ukusungula phansi kungenzeka kuphela ebangeni eliseduze. Ekhanda kunesici esibukeka njenge-fan esibomvu njenge-fan ngokubomvu okumnyama. Ubude bayo bungu-5-11 cm. Lesi yisici esivelele sokubonakala kwale nyoni. Umbala wekhanda, webele nentamo uyehluka kuye ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo futhi unamathoni agqamile ansundu noma abomvana, ingaphansi lawo abomvu ngokubomvana anezindawo ezimnyama ezinde ezinhlangothini.
Ividiyo: Hoopoe
Umsila uphakathi nendawo, umnyama ngombala nomugqa omhlophe obanzi phakathi nendawo. Ulimi alulude kakhulu ngakho-ke ama-hoopoes ajwayele ukuphonsa inyamazane etholakele ayibambe ngomlomo ovulekile. Imilenze iqinile futhi iqinile, inombala ompunga ngombala, ngezinzipho ezibuthuntu. Amajaji amancane anemibala egqamile, anoqhwaku olufushane ne-crest. Izimpiko zibanzi futhi ziyindilinga, zinemigqa emnyama nokumnyama ephuzi.
Amapharamitha amakhulu we-hoopoe:
- ubude bomzimba 28-29 cm;
- amaphiko angu-45-46 cm;
- umsila ubude obuyi-10 cm;
- ubude bomlomo 5-6 cm;
- isisindo somzimba cishe ngo-50-80 g.
AmaHoopoes makhulu kancane kunezinkanyezi. Le nyoni iyabonakala kalula, ikakhulukazi lapho indiza, ngoba ukuphela kwenyoni yaseYurophu ehlanganisa okubomvu, okumnyama nokumhlophe ezimpapheni zayo. Ngenxa yezimpaphe zabo, bahlangana nemvelo yabo ngesikhathi sokudla nokusesha ukudla.
Ihlala kuphi i-hoopoe?
Isithombe: Hoopoe eRussia
AmaHoopoes ahlala eYurophu, e-Asia nase-Afrika (ngaphesheya kweMadagascar nase-sub-Saharan Africa). Izinyoni eziningi zaseYurophu kanye nabamele lezi zinyoni zaseNyakatho Asia bathuthela ezindaweni ezishisayo ebusika. Ngokuphambene, inani labantu base-Afrika lihlala unyaka wonke.
Le nyoni inezidingo zendawo yokuhlala eziningana: umhlaba ongahlwanyelwe kahle + izindawo eziqondile ezinemibono (iziqu zemithi, imithambeka enamadwala, izindonga, izitaki zotshani nemigodi engenalutho) nomaphi lapho ingahlala khona. Izinhlobo eziningi zemvelo zingazisekela lezi zidingo, ngakho-ke i-hoopoe ihlala ezindaweni eziningi ezahlukene: ama-wastelands, ama-savanna, ama-steppes anokhuni kanye nezindawo ezinotshani. Ama-subspecies aseMadagascar nawo ahlala ehlathini eliminyene eliyinhloko.
Le nyoni itholakala kuzo zonke izingxenye zeYurophu:
- IPoland;
- E-Italy;
- Ukraine;
- IFrance;
- Spain;
- EPortugal;
- IGrisi;
- Igalikuni.
EJalimane, ama-hoopoes ahlala ezindaweni ezithile kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, babonakele eningizimu yeDenmark, iSwitzerland, i-Estonia, iNetherlands, iLatvia neNgilandi. Futhi ngo-1975 batholwa okokuqala e-Alaska. ERussia, izidleke zama-hoopoe ohlangothini oluseningizimu yeGulf of Finland, ezindaweni eziningi.
E-Siberia, uhla lwe-hoopoe lufinyelela eTomsk nase-Achinsk entshonalanga, futhi engxenyeni esempumalanga yezwe luhlala enyakatho yeLake Baikal, luqhubekele phambili nomfula iSouth Muya eTransbaikalia bese lwehlela emfuleni i-Amur River. Ngaphandle kweRussia, e-Asia, ihlala cishe yonke indawo. Isifanekiso esisodwa saqoshwa endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-6400 ngohambo lokuqala oluya eMount Everest.
Manje uyazi ukuthi i-hoopoe ihlala kuphi. Masithole ngokushesha ukuthi idliwa yini le nyoni ekhanyayo!
Kudlani i-hoopoe?
Isithombe: Hoopoe yaseHlathini
Ithanda ukudla yodwa, imvamisa phansi, ingadluli emoyeni. Izimpiko ezinamandla nezindilinga zenza lezi zinyoni zisheshe futhi zisheshe lapho zijaha izinambuzane ezinyakazayo. Isitayela sokudla se-hoopoe ukuhambahamba ezindaweni ezivulekile, ukuma ukuma ukutadisha inhlabathi. Izibungu zezinambuzane ezitholakele neziphungumangathi zisuswa ngomlomo, noma zimbiwe ngemilenze eqinile. Ukudla kwama-hoopoe ikakhulukazi kuqukethe: izinambuzane ezinkulu, kwesinye isikhathi ezihuquzelayo ezincane, amaxoxo, imbewu, amajikijolo.
Lapho ifuna ukudla, le nyoni izobheka izinqwaba zamaqabunga, isebenzise uqhwaku lwayo ukuphakamisa amatshe amakhulu nokuhlukanisa amagxolo.
Ukudla kwamaHoopoe kufaka:
- amakhilikithi;
- izinkumbi;
- Kwangathi amabhungane;
- ama-cicadas;
- izintuthwane;
- amabhungane obulongwe;
- izintethe;
- abadlayo abafile;
- izimvemvane;
- izicabucabu;
- izimpukane;
- umuhlwa;
- izintwala zezinkuni;
- ama-centipedes, njll.
Imvamisa izama ukubamba amaxoxo amancane, izinyoka nezibankwa. Usayizi wezimayini owuthandayo uzungeze u-20-30 mm. AmaHoopoes ashaya inyamazane enkulu phansi noma ngamatshe ukuze abulale futhi aqede izingxenye zezinambuzane ezingenakugayeka, ezinjengemilenze namaphiko.
Njengoba inomlomo omude, imba ngokhuni olubolile, umquba, yenze izimbobo ezingashoni phansi. Imvamisa, ama-hoopoes ahambisana nezinkomo eziklabayo. Inolimi olufushane, ngakho kwesinye isikhathi ayikwazi ukugwinya inyamazane esemhlabathini - iyayiphonsa, iyibambe futhi iyigwinye. Hlukanisa amabhungane amakhulu uwahlukanise ngaphambi kokuwasebenzisa.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Hoopoe
Ngombala wayo omnyama nomhlophe omhlophe nomsila endizeni, i-hoopoe ifana novemvane olukhulu noma i-jay. Indiza iphansi ngenhla komhlaba. Inyoni le itholakala inamaphiko asabaleleko, ithamele ilanga. I-Hoopoe akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuyibona endle, yize kungeyona inyoni enamahloni, futhi imvamisa ihlala ezindaweni ezivulekile, lapho ihlala khona ezintweni eziphakeme. I-hoopoe iyathanda ukugeza isihlabathi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-Hoopoes ibe nomthelela wamasiko emazweni amaningi. Babebhekwa njengabangcwele eGibhithe lasendulo futhi babewuphawu lokuhle ePheresiya. EBhayibhelini, kukhulunywa ngabo njengezilwane ezimbi ezingafanele ukudliwa. Babebhekwa njengamasela engxenyeni enkulu ye-Europe kanye nezimbangi zempi eScandinavia. EGibhithe, izinyoni "zaziboniswa ezindongeni zamathuna namathempeli."
Ebusweni bomhlaba ihamba ngokungabonakali futhi ngokushesha. Iyasebenza ngesikhathi sasemini lapho ifuna ukudla. Lezi yizinyoni ezinesizungu ezigeleza isikhashana kuphela, lapho zidinga ukufuduka ebusika. Ngesikhathi sokuqomisana, zindiza kancane, zikhetha indawo yokwakha isidleke esizayo. Kaningi, indawo ekhethiwe isetshenziselwa ukuzalanisa iminyaka eminingana. Eduze kwezinye izinyoni, izimpi phakathi kwamadoda zingenzeka, zifane nezimpi.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Izinyoni zezinyoni
I-hoopoe iyinkosikazi eyodwa kuphela ngenkathi yokuzalanisa. Ukuthandana kwakhe kubonakala ngemigqa ephezulu yezinsimbi. Uma owesifazane ephendula, owesilisa uzama ukuhlaba umxhwele okhethiwe ngokunikela ngokudla, abese emjaha isikhathi eside. Amakhophi avame ukwenzeka phansi. Izinyoni zinezinyane elilodwa ngonyaka. Kepha lokhu kusebenza kuphela ezifundeni eziningi ezisenyakatho, kubantu baseningizimu, kaningi ukuya kumfantu wesibili.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ubukhulu be-clutch buxhomeke endaweni yezinyoni: amaqanda amaningi abekwa enyakatho yezwe kunaseningizimu. Enyakatho nasenkabeni yeYurophu ne-Asia, usayizi we-clutch ungamaqanda angama-12, kanti ezindaweni ezishisayo cishe kungamane, nasezindaweni ezishisayo - eziyisikhombisa.
Amaqanda aqopha umbala ngokushesha esidlekeni esingcolile. Isisindo sabo singu-4,5 amagremu. Amasayithi wokwakha izidleke ahlukahlukene kakhulu. Ukuphakama kwesidleke kungafika kumamitha amahlanu. Insikazi izalela amaqanda aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma aluhlaza okotshani, bese efukanywa izinsuku eziyi-16 kuya kwezingu-19. Usayizi weqanda omaphakathi cishe u-26 x 18 mm. Ngemuva kokuchamisela, amaphuphu adinga izinsuku ezingama-20 kuya kwezingama-28 ukushiya isidleke. Amaqanda afukanyelwa abesifazane kuphela.
Ngesikhathi sokuzala, noma okungenani phakathi nezinsuku eziyishumi zokuqala, owesilisa kuphela onikezela ngokudla kuwo wonke umndeni. Kuphela lapho amaphuphu esekhulile futhi angakwazi ukusala yedwa, insikazi iqala ukubamba iqhaza ekufuneni ukudla. Cishe izinsuku ezinhlanu ezengeziwe, amaphuphu adla endaweni yabazali ngaphambi kokuhamba.
Izitha zemvelo ze-hoopoe
Isithombe: Hoopoe esihlahleni
I-Hoopoes ayivamisile ukuba yizisulu zezilwane ezizingelayo. Ukuzivumelanisa nokuziphatha kwezitha, ama-hoopoes kanye nenzalo yawo athuthukise izindlela zokuziphatha ezikhethekile. Lapho inyoni edla inyama ivele ngokuzumayo, lapho kungenakwenzeka ukubalekela endaweni ephephile, ama-hoopoes acasha, okwenza umugqa womzimba ongajwayelekile unezimpaphe ezinemibala egqamile. Inyoni ilele phansi, ivule amaphiko nomsila ibanzi. Intamo, ikhanda noqhwaku kuqondiswe ngokucijile phezulu. Iningi lezilwane ezilizingelayo alizinakile kulesi simo sokuzivikela esinganyakazi. Abanye abacwaningi abakulesi sikhundla somzimba muva nje babone indawo ekahle yokuphumula.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Amantshontsho asongelwa yizilwane nawo awanakuzivikela. Bahayiza njengezinyoka, kanti abanye abantu asebekhulile babeka indle yabo emnyango womhume njengesivikelo. Noma bebanjiwe, bayaqhubeka nokumelana ngamandla.
Kodwa-ke, uketshezi olunamafutha olunephunga elibi kakhulu oluvela kumanyikwe luyikhambi elisebenza kakhulu ekulweni nokuhlaselwa yizilwane ezidlayo. Esidlekeni, insikazi efuthelayo inesivikelo esithuthuke kahle kakhulu ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Indlala ye-coccygeal iguqulwa ngokushesha ukuze ikhiqize i-substrate enephunga elibi. Izindlala zamachwane nazo zingenza okufanayo. Lezi zimfihlo zifakwa ngaphakathi kwezimpaphe. Uketshezi lukhishwa ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi mhlawumbe luyaqina ezimweni zokuchichima ngokweqile.
Ukwakhiwa kwamatshe okunuka njengenyama ebolayo kucatshangwa ukuthi kuzosiza ukugcina izilwane ezidla ezinye zikhona, kanye nokuvimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane futhi mhlawumbe kube nemiphumela elwa namagciwane. Imfihlo iyama ngaphambi nje kokuba izingane zisuke esidlekeni. Ama-hoopoes emvelweni angazingelwa izinyoni ezidla inyama, izilwane ezincelisayo, futhi zonakaliswe yizinyoka.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Izinyoni zezinyoni
Lezi zinhlobo azikho engozini ngokusho kwedatha ye-IUCN (isimo se-LC - Ukukhathazeka Okuncane). Ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1980, inani labantu baseNyakatho Yurophu, ngokusho kocwaningo, lalincipha, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinguquko ezihambisana nemisebenzi yabantu ezindaweni zemvelo zezinyoni kuholele ekutheni kube nesidingo sokuthi ama-hobbyists azohlala ezihlahleni zeminqumo, izivini, izivande, amapaki nakwenye indawo yokulima. Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni ezinokulima okukhulu, inani labantu lisalokhu lehla. Futhi, i-hoopoe isongelwa yizinkanyezi ezincintisana nazo ukuthola izidleke.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngo-2016, i-hoopoe yaqanjwa ngokuthi inyoni yonyaka yi-Russian Bird Conservation Union. Ungene esikhundleni sokuqala kabusha kulesi sikhundla.
Ukwehla kwenala emashumini eminyaka adlule kubangelwe ukutholakala okulinganiselwe kokudla kwezinyoni. Imithi yokubulala izinambuzane esetshenziswa kwezolimo, kanye nokusuka ekuzalaneni kwezinkomo eziningi, kuholele ekwehleni kwesibalo sezinambuzane okuwukudla okuyinhloko kwezinkukhu. hoopoe... Ngaphandle kokwehla kwenani eliphelele lezinyoni eminyakeni yamuva, amandla okwehla namuhla awavumeli ukuthi lezi zinhlobo zivele eqenjini lezilwane ezisengozini, ngoba inani labantu lihlala liphezulu.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 06.06.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 22.09.2019 ngo-23: 11
