Uvemvane lwe-lemongrass enye yokuqala iqala ukuphephuka entwasahlobo, futhi imvamisa iba nenkinga yalokhu, ifa lapho incibilikisi ithathelwa indawo yi-snap entsha ebandayo - ngemuva kwalokho, izimvemvane eziphuzi eziphuzi zingabonakala eqhweni. Azitholakali entwasahlobo kuphela, kodwa futhi nasehlobo nasekwindla. Zimelela umbala wazo ogqamile, namaphiko, sengathi kunqunywe kancane kuzo zombili izinhlangothi.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: uvemvane lwe-lemongrass
I-lemongrass ingeyomndeni wezimpukane ezimhlophe (i-Pieridae). Futhi iqukethe izinambuzane ezinjengeklabishi netheniphu, kodwa ulamula uqobo lwazo akubhekwa njengezilokazane, ngoba amacimbi azo adla kakhulu i-buckthorn. Yingakho banelinye igama - ama-buckthorn. I-Whitefish ingeka-oda le-Lepidoptera. Njengoba kufakazelwa ukutholwa kwama-paleoanthologists, abamele bokuqala bohlelo bahlala emhlabeni ekuqaleni kwesikhathi seJurassic - iminyaka yobudala besidumbu esidala kunazo zonke icishe ibe yiminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-190.
Ividiyo: I-Butterfly Lemongrass
Ngesikhathi seCretaceous, lapho izitshalo eziqhakazayo zisakazeka kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, iLepidoptera nayo yachuma. Bathola ithuluzi lomlomo elithuthukiswe kahle, amaphiko abo nawo athuthuka ngokuqinile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwakhiwa i-proboscis ende, eyenzelwe ukumunca umpe. Izinhlobo zeLepidoptera zanda ngokwengeziwe, kwavela ezinkulu kakhulu, ubude bempilo yabo obuyisimo se-imago banda - bafinyelela ekuchumeni kwangempela. Yize esikhathini sethu ukwehluka kwalo myalelo nakho kuyamangaza, kuqukethe izinhlobo eziningi ezingafani.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwazo, izimvemvane zishintsha amafomu amane: okokuqala, iqanda, bese kuba yisibungu, isiphungumangathi, bese kuthi ekugcineni, uvemvane olukhulile olunamaphiko. Zonke lezi zinhlobo zehluke ngokuphawulekayo komunye nomunye, futhi imago yigama lokugcina.
ILepidoptera yavela ngokushesha kanye nezitshalo eziqhakazayo. NgePaleogene, imindeni eminingi yesimanje, kubandakanya naleyo enamabele amhlophe, yagcina isunguliwe. Ukuvela kukalamula wesimanje kubuyela emuva ngesikhathi esifanayo. Kancane kancane, izinhlobo ezintsha zazo zaqhubeka nokuvela, futhi le nqubo ayikapheli.
Uhlobo lwe-lemongrass luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezi-10 kuya kwezingu-14 - abanye abacwaningi abakaze bavumelane ngokuhlukaniswa ngqo. Umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo uvezwa ikakhulu ngosayizi nokuqina kombala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzo zonke izimo, ngaphandle kokuthi kuboniswe ngenye indlela, sizokhuluma ngotshani bolamula, obuchazwe nguKarl Linnaeus encwadini esemqoka ethi "The System of Nature", eyavela ngo-1758.
Izinhlobo eziningi ezaziwa kakhulu futhi ezijwayelekile zingahlukaniswa:
- UCleopatra, otholakala eMedithera;
- i-aminta, enkulu kunazo zonke - amaphiko ayo afinyelela kuma-80 mm, atholakala eSoutheast Asia;
- i-aspasia - Izimvemvane zaseMpumalanga Ekude, kunalokho, zincane (30 mm) futhi zinemibala egqamile.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: I-Lemongrass ye-Butterfly Ephuzi
Ngendlela ye-imago, ivule amaphiko angaphambili namaphiko angemuva ayindilinga - womabili anokuphela okuqondile. Izimpiko zangemuva zinde kancane futhi zingafinyelela kuma-35 mm. Umbala uvumela utshani bemilongosi ukuthi buzifihle kahle: uma besonga amaphiko abo, behleli esihlahleni noma ehlathini, khona-ke kunzima ukuthi izidalwa zizibone kude.
Abesifazane nabesilisa bahluka kakhulu kumbala wamaphiko abo: kwabesilisa banombala ophuzi ngokugqamile, yingakho igama lalezi zimvemvane lavela, kanti kwabesifazane bamhlophe ngombala oluhlaza. Kukhona indawo encane yewolintshi phakathi kwamaphiko.
Zinamehlo aqonde kahle nekhanda eliyindilinga, kanye ne-proboscis ende kakhulu, ezingakhipha ngayo umpe ngisho nasezimbali eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kunezimbhangqwana ezintathu zemilenze yokuhamba, ngosizo lwazo i-lemongrass ihamba ebusweni besitshalo. Kunamaphiko amane amaphiko.
Ubukhulu buhluka kakhulu kuye ngohlobo, imvamisa ngamaphiko angaba ngu-55 mm. Kubamele bezinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu, ingafinyelela kuma-80 mm, kuthi ku-lemongrass omncane ibe ngu-30 mm kuphela. Izibungu aziveli ngaphandle: ziluhlaza okotshani ukufanisa amahlamvu, zimbozwe ngamachashazi amancane amnyama.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Uma kungashisi kakhulu, khona-ke, lapho nje ilanga licasha ngemuva kwamafu, njengoba ulamula lufuna ukuhlala embali noma esihlahleni esiseduze - kunzima kakhulu ukuthi lundize ngaphandle kwelanga eliqondile, ngoba kufanele kugcinwe izinga lokushisa eliphakeme ukuze lindiza.
Uhlala kuphi uvemvane lwe-lemongrass?
Isithombe: Krushinnitsa
Indawo yokuhlala ibanzi kakhulu, ifaka phakathi:
- iningi laseYurophu;
- Eduze kwaseMpumalanga;
- EMpumalanga Ekude;
- ENyakatho Afrika;
- ENingizimu-mpumalanga Asia;
- Iziqhingi zaseCanary;
- Isiqhingi saseMadeira.
Lezi zimvemvane azikho ezingwadule, emaqeleni aseCiscaucasia, ngaphesheya kwe-Arctic Circle, azikho nasesiqhingini saseKrethe. ERussia, basakazeke kakhulu, ungabathola kusuka eKaliningrad kuya eVladivostok. Bayakwazi ukuhlala ezimweni ezinzima zemvelo, cishe kuyo kanye i-Arctic Circle.
Okokuqala, ububanzi bazo bunqunywa ukusabalala kwesihlahla somuthi wesihlahla somthombo njengokudla okuyinhloko kwamacimbi, yize bekwazi nokudla ezinye izitshalo. Ngenkathi i-lemongrass ejwayelekile isabalele, ezinye izinhlobo zingahlala endaweni elinganiselwe kakhulu, kunezinhlobo zezinhlobo eziphilayo ezihlala eCanary Islands naseMadeira.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lezi zimvemvane azihlali emasimini, zikhetha kuzo izihlahlana zezihlahla, izingadi ezahlukahlukene, amapaki, amaphethelo ehlathi kanye namahlathi - izindawo eziyinhloko lapho zingatholakala khona, ngoba i-lemongrass nayo ayihlali ehlathini elicinene. Futhi bahlala ezintabeni, kodwa hhayi phezulu kakhulu - abasekho ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-2 500 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Uma kunesidingo, angandiza amabanga amade ukuze athole indawo elula kakhulu yokuhlala.
Manje uyazi ukuthi luhlala kuphi uvemvane oluphuzi nolukhanyayo. Manje ake sibheke ukuthi udlani uvemvane lwe-lemongrass?
Udlani uvemvane lwe-lemongrass?
Isithombe: uvemvane lwe-lemongrass entwasahlobo
Ngendlela ye-imago - umpe.
Phakathi kwezitshalo umpe wazo uheha i-lemongrass:
- ama-primroses;
- izimbali zommbila;
- ama-sivets;
- ikhakhasi;
- idandelion;
- i-thymus;
- umama nosingamama;
- isibungu.
Izimbali zasendle zikhona phakathi kokuncamelayo, yize futhi ziphuza umpe we-lemongrass wasengadini. Ngenxa ye-proboscis yabo ende, bangadla umpe ngisho nokungenakufinyeleleka cishe kuzo zonke ezinye izimvemvane - ngokwesibonelo, i-primrose efanayo. Ezitshalweni eziningi zasentwasahlobo, kubalulekile ukuthi zipholishwe impova ngo-lemongrass, ngoba cishe azikho ezinye izimvemvane ngalesi sikhathi. Isibungu sondla ama-buckthorn, njenge-lathythiki ye-buckthorn, i-zhoster nabanye.
Badla iqabunga ukusuka phakathi kuye emaphethelweni ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, likhule ngokushesha, kuthi lapho bephumela ngaphandle kweqabunga, i-molting isivele isiphelile. Azilimazi kangako ku-buckthorn, futhi ezitshalweni ezilinyiwe cishe azinabungozi nhlobo, ngaphandle kokumbalwa: izibungu zingadla amahlamvu ezitshalo ezifana neklabishi, i-rutabagas, i-turnips, i-horseradish, isithombo noma itheniphu. Kepha izimo lapho zilimaza ukutshala azivamile kakhulu, ngoba amaqanda e-lemongrass ngokuvamile abekwa emahlathini nasemaphethelweni ehlathi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukhetha ukuthi iyiphi imbali yokuhlala otshanini bokalamula hhayi ngephunga abalikhiphayo, kodwa ngombala. Iningi lalezi zimvemvane zikhangwa yizimbali eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokubomvu.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: uvemvane lwe-lemongrass
Ziyasebenza emini futhi zindiza kuphela lapho libalele. Bayasithanda kakhulu isimo sezulu esifudumele, futhi entwasahlobo, uma kupholile, bavame ukuba yiqhwa isikhathi eside, bagoqe amaphiko abo ezinhlangothini ezingakwesokudla futhi bazame ukubamba imisebe yelanga eminingi ngangokunokwenzeka - kuqala bafaka uhlangothi lwabo, bese kuba olunye. Ngokushesha nje lapho kusihlwa futhi kungakhanyi kangako, baqala ukufuna indawo ekahle yokuchitha ubusuku - imvamisa amahlahla ezihlahla asebenzela lokhu. Zihlala egatsheni ekujuleni kwehlathi futhi, zigoqa amaphiko azo, ziba cishe zingahlukaniswa nohlaza oluzungezile.
Ngokungafani nezinye izimvemvane eziningi, ezingachithi isikhathi esiningi ezindizeni ngenxa yamandla amakhulu asetshenzisiwe, ulamula luqinile kakhulu futhi lungandiza usuku lonke, lunqoba amabanga amade. Ngasikhathi sinye, ziyakwazi ukukhuphukela ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu. Njengoba bephila ngezindinganiso zezimvemvane isikhathi eside, badinga ukonga ubungqabavu - ngakho-ke, uma izimo zingahambi kahle, ngokwesibonelo, imvula izulu ingena futhi iya ngokuya ibanda, khona-ke naphakathi nehlobo bangaqala ukushona. Lapho sekuqala ukufudumala futhi, kuvuka ulamula.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukwehlukaniswa kwesikhathi kuyisikhathi lapho umzimba wevemvane wehla kancane, uyeka ukunyakaza futhi umelana kakhulu namathonya angaphandle.
I-lemongrass ingenye yokuqala ukuvela - ezifundeni ezifudumele kusukela ngoMashi. Kepha lezi izimvemvane ziphila unyaka wesibili, zizalela amaqanda entwasahlobo, emva kwalokho ziyafa. Abantu abasha bavela ekuqaleni kwehlobo, futhi phakathi nasekwindla baya ebusika ukuze "bancibilike" entwasahlobo. Okusho ukuthi, isikhathi se-lemongrass esime ngohlobo lwe-imago cishe siyizinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye - ngezimvemvane zasemini lokhu kuningi kakhulu, futhi naseYurophu babamba irekhodi lokuphila isikhathi eside.
Ebusika bacasha ngokujulile ezihlahleni. Abasabi isithwathwa: ukugcinwa okwandisiwe kwe-glycerol nama-polypeptides kubenza bakwazi ukuhlala bephila ebusika ngisho nasezingeni lokushisa lomoya lika -40 ° C, ikakhulukazi ngoba endaweni yokukhosela, ikakhulukazi uma kungaphansi kweqhwa, kuvame ukufudumala kakhulu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-thaws iyingozi kubo: uma bevuka, basebenzisa amandla amaningi ezindizeni, futhi njengoba zingekho izimbali okwamanje, abakwazi ukuvuselela ukunikezwa kwazo. Nge-snap ebandayo ebandayo, abanaso nje isikhathi sokuthola indawo yokukhosela entsha futhi balale futhi - bese befa.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: uvemvane lweBuckthorn
Zihlala zodwa, futhi kuphela ngenkathi yokukhwelana zindiza ngambili. Iwela entwasahlobo, futhi isinyathelo esingezabesilisa abenza isiko elilula lokukhwelana: lapho behlangana nowesifazane ofanele, bandiza emva kwakhe ebangeni elifushane isikhashana. Ngemuva kwalokho iduna nensikazi zehlela ehlathini futhi zikhwelana.
Ngemuva kwalokho, insikazi ibheka indawo eseduze kwamahlumela we-buckthorn ukuze izibungu zibe nokudla okwanele, bese zibekela amaqanda, elilodwa noma amabili ngeqabunga ngalinye, kuze kufike kwikhulu ngokuphelele. Zigcinwa ngemfihlo enamathelayo. Amaqanda avuthwa isonto elilodwa noma amabili, futhi ekuqaleni kwehlobo kuvela isibungu. Ngemuva kokuvela, iqala ukumunca iqabunga - ngendlela yesibungu, i-lemongrass inamandla kakhulu futhi idla cishe sonke isikhathi, ikhula isuka ku-1.5 iye ku-35 mm. Isikhathi esisithathayo ukukhula sincike esimweni sezulu - uma sifudumele futhi siyoma, ngokushesha isibungu sizofinyelela usayizi oyifunayo bese sihamba kuwo wonke ama-molts. Imvamisa kuthatha amasonto ama-3-5.
Ngemuva kwalokho ube esefunda. Isikhathi esichithwa ngendlela yesiphungumangathi sincike esimweni sezulu futhi siyizinsuku eziyi-10-20 - okufudumele, kuvela uvemvane ngokushesha. Njengoba esephumile emgodleni, uchitha isikhashana ehambisa phezulu ukuze avule amaphiko akhe futhi abanikeze amandla, bese ekwazi ukundiza ngokukhululeka - lowo muntu uvele ngokushesha njengomuntu omdala futhi azivumelanise ngokuphelele nempilo. Sekukonke, zonke izigaba zokukhula zithatha kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-40 kuye kwezingama-60, kanti uvemvane oludala luphila ezinye izinsuku ezingama-270, yize lisebenzisa ingxenye enkulu yalesi sikhathi ebusika.
Izitha zemvelo zezimvemvane ezinengulube
Isithombe: uvemvane lwe-lemongrass
Kuningi kakhulu: i-lemongrass isengozini kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokuthuthuka, ngoba kunabantu abathanda ukuyidla nganoma iyiphi indlela. Kulula ngezimvemvane ezindala, ngoba izidumbu zisadinga ukuzibamba, azikho izinkinga ezinjalo ngezinye izinhlobo.
Phakathi kwezitha zo-lemongrass:
- izinyoni;
- izicabucabu;
- amabhungane;
- izintuthwane;
- iminyovu;
- ezinye izinambuzane eziningi.
Kunezilwane ezingaphezu kwezanele ezidla izimvemvane, kodwa izitha zazo ezimbi kakhulu yizinyoni. Bavame ukudla amacimbi ngoba bayizisulu ezinomsoco ongadingi ukuzizingela. Sekukonke, izinyoni zibhubhisa ngokwesilinganiso cishe ikota yamacimbi. Ezinye izinyoni nazo zihlasela ama-imagos - imvamisa zibabamba lapho bephumula noma bephuza umpe.
Kubo, indlela elula ukushaya isisulu ngomlomo lapho sihlala phansi, sibulale, bese sihlukanisa izimpiko naso sidle umzimba. Yize amanye enekhono ngokwanele ukubamba izimvemvane endizeni, ngokwesibonelo, izinkonjane zenza lokho kanye. Kepha kubantu abadala, izinyoni kanye nezilwane ezidla ezinye ngokuvamile aziyona ingozi kangako - zingandiza zihambe, ngaphandle kwalokho, umbala ovikelayo uyasiza, ngenxa yalokho kunzima ukuzibona lapho ziphumula. Kunzima kakhulu kwizibungu: zizingelwa inani elikhulu kakhulu lezilwane ezidlayo, kufaka phakathi ezincane, ezinzima kakhulu kwizimvemvane ezindala - futhi azikwazi ukundiza zibaleke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yize amacimbi nawo enombala ovikelayo, anikezwa ngamaqabunga adliwe.
Amacimbi athandwa izintuthwane, eziwabulala ngosizo lwezenzo ezihlanganisiwe zamaqembu amakhulu bese ezihudulela ezidlekeni zawo. Iminyovu eyisidlakudla ingabeka amaqanda ngqo ezibungu. Izibungu eziphuma kuzo bese zidla isibungu isikhathi eside zisaphila. Kwesinye isikhathi uyafa ngenxa yalokhu, engenaso isikhathi sokuba yisiphungumangathi, kepha noma ngabe ekwazile ukwenza ngokuvumelana nalokhu, izinambuzane ziyakhethwa esikhunjeni, hhayi uvemvane nhlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimvemvane nazo zingabanjwa amagciwane, amagciwane nesikhunta, futhi imikhaza emincane ingazikhubaza.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: uvemvane lwe-lemongrass entwasahlobo
Yize amacimbi ethanda ukudla, izitshalo abazithandayo zandile, ngakho-ke akukho lutho olusongela ulamula. Vele, umsebenzi wabantu ubungeke ubathinte - izindawo ebezihlalwa yizihlahla ze-buckthorn zehle ngokuphawulekayo kuleli khulu leminyaka elidlule, ngaphandle kwalokho, izibulala-zinambuzane zisetshenziswa ngenkuthalo - kepha ukwehla kwenani lezimvemvane akubalulekile okwamanje.
Kusene-lemongrass eningi, kepha lokhu kusebenza kuyo yonke iplanethi, futhi kwezinye zezifunda zayo kusekhona ukwehla okuqinile kwesibalo salezi zimvemvane. Ngakho-ke, eNetherlands, kwaphakanyiswa inkinga yokubabona njengezilwane ezisengozini yezinga lendawo nokuvikelwa okufanele. Kepha uhlobo lonke alunikwanga isimo esivikelwe - uhla olubanzi lukuvumela ukuthi ungakhathazeki ngokusinda kwalo. Kukhona utshani obuningi eRussia, bungatholakala ezweni lonke. Yize ezinye izinhlobo zinobubanzi obuncane kakhulu futhi bunabantu abambalwa, futhi kungekudala zingagcina sezisongelwa ngokuqothulwa.
Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezimbili - ezigcwele eCanary Islands, Gonepteryx cleobule nase palmae. Lezi zinsuku zihlala esiqhingini sasePalma kuphela. Olunye uhlobo, iGonepteryx maderensis, olugcwele esiqhingini saseMadeira, luvikelwe njengoba inani lalezi zimvemvane lehle kakhulu emashumini eminyaka amuva nje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezingxenyeni zeplanethi yethu kude nempucuko, izinhlobo zezinhlamvana ezingakachazwa ngenxa yobunzima bazo zingahlala.
I-lemongrass yizimvemvane ezingenabungozi, ezokuqala ukundiza entwasahlobo futhi zibambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekuvundiseni impova yezimbali zasentwasahlobo. Azisakazekanga njenge-urticaria, kepha futhi zivamile, futhi zihlala ezingxenyeni eziningi zaseRussia. Okuphuzi okukhanyayo uvemvane lwe-lemongrass - enye yemihlobiso yesizini efudumele.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 04.06.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 20.09.2019 ngo-22: 36
