UGerenuk Ingabe uhlobo lwe-antelope olunokubukeka okucacile. Kulula ngokwanele ukuhlukanisa kwezinye izinhlobo zalezi zilwane ngenxa yentamo yazo ende, ezacile futhi enomusa kakhulu kanye nezitho ezifanayo. Lesi silwane sibizwa nangokuthi yindlulamithi yendlulamithi, ehunyushwa isuselwa olimini lwendawo lwaseSomalia ngokuthi "intamo yendlulamithi." Isilwane sinegama elinye - insephe kaWaller. Izazi ze-Zoologists zithi laba bameleli babantu abangasetshenziswanga abahlobene nganoma iyiphi indlela nezindlulamithi futhi bahlukaniswe ngohlobo nohlobo oluhlukile.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Generuk
Ama-Antelopes angabameleli bezilwane ezincelisayo ze-chordate, bangabakwa-artiodactyls, umndeni wama-bovids, abelwe uhlobo kanye nezinhlobo ze-gerenuch. Izakhamizi zaseGibhithe lasendulo zizame iminyaka eminingi ukuguqula inhlwathi ibe isilwane. Ngaleso sikhathi, babehlala kakhulu endaweni yaseSudan naseGibhithe. Kodwa-ke, lo msebenzi awuzange uthweswe umqhele ngempumelelo.
Ividiyo: Gerenuk
Izinhlwathi ezithambile, ezinemilenze emide ezinentamo ende zihlale zikhuthaza inhlonipho nokwesaba okuthile kwabantu bendawo. Esikhathini esedlule, abantu babengakaze babazingele noma bababulale ngenxa yesikhumba sabo, inyama noma izimpondo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ezikhathini zasendulo kwakukhona inkolelo yokuthi ukubulawa kommeleli omangalisayo wezilwane kuzoholela enhlekeleleni nasebubini, ikakhulukazi, ukufa kwemfuyo namakamela, okwakubaluleke kakhulu.
Ukutholwa kwabavubukuli nabaphenyi kukhombisa ukuthi okhokho basendulo bakaGerenuke banamuhla babehlala endaweni yase-Afrika yanamuhla kusukela cishe ngo-4200 - 2800 BC. Izinsalela zokhokho bezinhlwathi zanamuhla zezindlulamithi zitholakale ogwini lweNayile. Ngesikhathi sokuziphendukela kwemvelo, izilwane zishintshile ngandlela thile. Intamo yabo yanwetshiwe ngokuphawulekayo, izitho zabo zaba mincane futhi zaba zinde, futhi isifonyo sabo sehla ngosayizi futhi bathola isimo esingunxantathu.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Animal jikelele
Lolu hlobo lwe-antelope lunokubukeka okucacile - umzimba omncane, onamathoni emilenzeni emincane kakhulu, ephakeme futhi nekhanda entanyeni ende enomusa. Ekhanda lesilwane kunezindlebe ezinkulu, ezinde, ezihlukaniswe kabanzi, eziyindilinga. Ngaphakathi, zinephethini elithile elimnyama nelomhlophe. Ikhanda lingunxantathu, linosayizi omncane, futhi linamehlo amakhulu, amnyama. I-Antelope inolimi olude futhi olunzima kakhulu futhi ehambayo, izindebe ezingazweli. Mayelana nalokhu, amagatsha ezihlahla anameva ezihlahla nezihlahlana awakwazi ukulimaza i-gerenuk.
Ubude bomzimba womuntu omdala ngamamitha ayi-1.3-1.5. Ukuphakama kwesilwane lapho kubuna khona kudlula imitha elilodwa. Isisindo somuntu omdala oyedwa singaphakathi kwamakhilogremu angamashumi amahlanu. Ikhanda elincane libekwa entanyeni ende ezacile. Kungalesi sizathu lapho abantu bendawo bekholelwa ukuthi kunobudlelwano obuqondile phakathi kwegreniza nendlulamithi.
Izimpawu ze-dimorphism yezocansi zibonakala lapho kukhona izimpondo kuphela kwabesilisa. Izimpondo zabesilisa zifushane futhi ziwugqinsi. Izimpondo zingamasentimitha angaba ngu-20-27 ubude. Zinesimo sama-arcs agobile, ahlanekezelwe ngemuva esisekelweni futhi agobele phambili kuzona kanye izeluleko. Ngaphandle, zifana nokuma kohlamvu uS.
Umbala wesilwane wenza umsebenzi wokufihla. Isifuba esingenhla sinsundu ngokujulile. Ingaphakathi langaphakathi lentamo, isifuba, isisu nezitho linokukhanya okucishe kube mhlophe. Kunezindawo zombala omnyama, ocishe ube mnyama. Zitholakala emsileni, endaweni yamajoyinti wemikhawulo engezansi, endaweni yamehlo, ebunzini, nangaphakathi kwangaphakathi kwama-auricles.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-antelope inomsila omncane, ubude bawo abudluli amasentimitha angama-30-40.
Uhlala kuphi i-gerenuk?
Isithombe: Gerenuk antelope
Indawo ehlala igrenuch ilinganiselwe kuphela ezwenikazi lase-Afrika. Kukhethwa ikakhulukazi izindawo ezomile, eziyizicaba, ama-savanna, lapho kuhlala khona izihlahla ezinameva. Ingakwazi ukuhlala emaqeleni anesimo sezulu esinomswakama namahlathi aminyene ohlaza. Amagquma nezintaba akuyona into ehlukile. Laba bameleli bomndeni wezinkomo bayatholakala nasezintabeni endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1600-1800 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
Izifunda zeGerenuch geographic:
- ITopiya;
- ESomalia;
- IKenya;
- isifunda esiseningizimu ye-Djibouti;
- ETanzania;
- I-Eritrea.
Isidingo esikhulu sendawo yezinyamazane ukuba khona kwezihlahla ezinameva. I-Antelope izama ukugwema izifunda ezinamahlathi anomswakama. Sekukonke, inani lezinhlobo zezinyamazane alitholakali cishe kunoma yisiphi isifunda. Emhlambini omncane, basatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke indawo abahlala kuyo. ESudan naseGibhithe esake saba nabantu abaningi, izilwane seziqothulwe ngokuphelele.
Ngokuya ngesifunda lapho kuhlala khona, izilwane ezidla utshani ezihlukanisiwe zihlukaniswe ngama-subspecies amabili: enyakatho naseningizimu. Ama-subspecies aseningizimu akhetha izifunda ezisenyakatho-mpumalanga yeTanzania, iKenya kanye nezifunda eziseningizimu yeTanzania njengendawo yokuhlala, eyasenyakatho ithanda empumalanga ye-Ethiopia, eningizimu yeDibouti, izifunda ezisenyakatho neziphakathi neSomalia.
Udla ini gerenuk?
Isithombe: Gerenuk indlulamithi indlulamithi
UGerenuk uhlala ezimeni lapho kunokudla okuncane kakhulu namanzi anganele. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo lwenyamazane lunenzuzo enkulu kunezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, ngoba zizivumelanisa ngokuphelele nokuphila ezimweni ezinjalo.
Ikhono lokubhekana kalula nokuntuleka kokudla okwanele linikezwa ngenxa yezitho zomzimba ezinde nezizacile, lapho izinhlwathi zisukuma ziphakeme ngokuphelele ukuze zifinyelele imifino yezitshalo ezinde nezihlahlana. Leli khono libavumela ukuthi bafinyelele efihlekile, amaqabunga nakwezinye izingxenye eziluhlaza zohlaza ezingafinyeleleki ezilwaneni ezikhula kancane.
Isakhiwo somzimba wesilwane siqinisekisa ukusinda ezimeni ezinzima zesimo sezulu esomile, esishisayo sase-Afrika. Ikhanda elincane ligwema amagatsha anameva, ulimi oluqinile, olude nezindebe ezihambayo zingabamba kalula ngisho nokudla okuluhlaza.
Isisekelo sokudla se-Antelope:
- amahlumela amancane ezihlahla nezihlahla;
- izinso;
- amaqabunga;
- amahlumela;
- imbewu;
- izimbali.
Isebenzisa cishe zonke izinhlobo zezimila ezisendaweni ezihlala kuyo njengomthombo wokudla. Ziyazijabulela izithelo ezivuthiwe nezamanzi zemithi yezithelo ngentokozo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: IGerenuk ingenye yezinhlobo zezilwane eziyivelakancane ezingenza ngaphandle ketshezi impilo yayo yonke. Isidingo somzimba soketshezi sigcwalisa umswakama, oqukethwe ezimileni eziluhlaza. Ngisho nangesikhathi lapho izilwane zidla ukudla okomile nokukhohlakele, azisitholi isidingo esinamandla soketshezi isikhathi eside.
Lapho zigcinwa eziqiwini zemvelo, amapaki kazwelonke, abasebenzi abanakekela izinhlwathi abancishi amanzi futhi bahlala bewengeza ngamanani amancane ekudleni.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Gerenuk
Akujwayelekile ukuthi izindlulamithi zendlulamithi ziphila impilo eyodwa. Bakha amaqembu amancane. Inombolo yeqembu elilodwa yeqe abantu abayi-8-10. Ubuningi beqembu elinjalo ngabesifazane nabantu abasha.
Abesilisa bahola indlela yokuphila ehlukile, ezimele. Umuntu ngamunye omdala, owesilisa ovuthiwe ngokocansi uhlala endaweni ethile, ayivikelayo futhi ayivikele ekungeneleleni kwamanye amadoda. Umuntu ngamunye wesilisa umaka imingcele yezinto zakhe ngosizo lwemfihlo efihliwe yindlala yangaphambi kokubeletha. Amaqembu ezinsikazi anamathole angahamba ngokukhululeka kunoma iyiphi insimu.
Abesilisa abangakavuthwa, abasele ngemuva kweqembu labo, bahola indlela yokuphila ezimele, behlangana nabanye abamele uhlobo olufanayo. Ngokubambisana akhona aze afinyelele ebusheni.
Izilwane zisebenza kakhulu ekuseni nakusihlwa, lapho kungekho ukushisa okukhulu endaweni yezwekazi lase-Afrika. Esikhathini sokushisa okukhulu, zikhetha ukucasha emthunzini wezihlahla, ukuphumula.
Indlulamithi yendlulamithi ichitha ingxenye enkulu yempilo yayo imi ngemilenze emibili, yelula intamo yayo ende futhi iphonsa ikhanda layo emuva. Kukulesi sikhundla lapho ethola khona ukudla, akhiphe futhi adle izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zohlaza.
Lapho kuvela ingozi, izinhlwathi zithanda ukumisa iqhwa, zihlangane nohlaza olubazungezile. Uma ingozi ibafica eduze kakhulu, babaleka ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela yokutakula ayizisizi njalo izilwane, ngoba azikwazi ukuthuthukisa isivinini esikhulu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Gerenuka Cub
Isikhathi sobudlelwano bomshado sivame ukuwela esikhathini semvula, kepha ubudlelwane obuqondile nokuncika kuyabonakala nenani lokudla. Ukudla okuningi, abesilisa abanamandla amakhulu futhi abasebenzayo baba ngesikhathi sonyaka wokuzala, futhi abesifazane bangakwazi ukuvundisa kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, bazama ukuheha abesifazane abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka ensimini yabo.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Owesifazane, okulungele ukungena ebudlelwaneni bomshado, ugoqa izindlebe zakhe, azicindezele ekhanda lakhe. Owesilisa okhetha lo wesifazane uzomaka izitho zakhe ngokufihla indlala ye-periobital. Uma insikazi isilungele ukukhwelana, ichama ngokushesha. Iphunga lomchamo likhombisa owesilisa ukuthi insikazi ayithandayo ikulungele ukukhwelana.
Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, owesilisa ushiya insikazi ahambe ayofuna izintokazi ezintsha. Owesifazane uyakhulelwa, okuthatha cishe izinyanga eziyi-5.5-6. Ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwengane, umama okhulelwe ufuna indawo ecashile, evame ukutholakala emahlathini otshani obude. Kuzalwa izinyane elilodwa, ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu kubili. Usana olusanda kuzalwa lunesisindo somzimba esingu-2.5-3 kilograms. Umama ukhotha ngokushesha izinyane lakhe futhi adle ukubeletha ukukhipha ukubukeka kwezilwane ezidlayo.
Emasontweni amabili kuya kwamathathu okuqala ngemuva kokubeletha, izingane zimane zilele ezihlahleni, kuthi ezesifazane zize kuzo izikhathi eziningana ngosuku ukuzondla. Bese ekhuphuka kancane, ebabiza nge-bleat ethambile. Ekupheleni kwenyanga yesithathu yokuphila, inzalo yezinhlwathi isuke imile ngokuzethemba, noma kuphi lapho ilandela khona umama wayo, futhi kancane kancane ifika ekudleni okuvamile kwezinhlwathi.
Abesifazane bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ngonyaka owodwa, abesilisa kamuva - ngonyaka owodwa nohhafu. Abamele abesifazane bahlukane nonina ngaphambili kakhulu, abesilisa bahlala naye cishe iminyaka emibili. Isikhathi esiphakathi sokuphila sezilwane ezimweni zemvelo yiminyaka eyi-8-11. Izilwane ezihlala ezimweni zamapaki kazwelonke neziqiwu zihlala iminyaka emi-5-6 ubude.
Izitha zemvelo zamaGerenuks
Isithombe: Gerenuki
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, izindlulamithi zezindlulamithi zinezitha ezimbalwa phakathi kwezilwane ezidla ezinye.
Izitha eziyinhloko zemvelo zamaGerenuks:
- izingonyama;
- izimpisi;
- izinja zempisi;
- izingulule;
- izingwe.
Kwezinye izimo, izinhlwathi zithuthukisa isivinini sama-50-60 km / h, kepha kule modi azikwazi ukuhamba isikhathi eside. Ngemuva kwamakhilomitha ama-2-3, isilwane siyakhathala sikhathale. Lokhu kusetshenziswa izimpisi nezinja zempisi, ezingakwazi ukugijima ngokushesha, kepha zihlukaniswa nokuphikelela nokubekezela. Ingulule ingafica inhlwathi emilenzeni emide ngokuphazima kweso, njengoba ikwazi ukukhuphula isivinini esikhulu futhi ihambe ngejubane elinjalo isikhathi eside impela.
Izingwe namabhubesi bavame ukukhetha amanye amaqhinga - babheka inyamazane yabo bese beyihlasela. Uma, kuleli cala, kungenakwenzeka ukuba yingxenye enganakekile yomhlaba wezitshalo, i-gerenuk ibaleka ngokushesha, yelule intamo yayo ende ifane nomhlabathi.
Izidlezane ezisencane ezingavuthiwe zinezitha eziningi zemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokhu okungenhla, uhlu lwabo lusekelwa yizidlakudla ezinamaphiko - ukulwa nezinkozi, amanqe. Izimpungushe nazo zingahlasela amawundlu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Animal gerenuk
Inani elikhulu kakhulu lama-gerenuk ligxile e-Ethiopia. Ngokusho kwabaphenyi, inani labantu abangasetshenziswanga namuhla lingaba ngabantu abayi-70,000. Ngenxa yokwehla kwenani lalezi zinhlwathi ezinemilenze emide, lolu hlobo lubalwa kuRed Book. Inesimo sezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo eziseduze nokufinyelela emngceleni wokuba sengozini.
Ngokwezibalo ze-World Conservation Society, isibalo sabantu bezinyamazane zezindlulamithi siya ngokuya sincipha. Esikhathini esisuka ku-2001 kuya ku-2015, inani lalezi zilwane lehle cishe ngekota. Ososayensi nabaphenyi bakhomba izizathu eziningi ezinomthelela ekwehleni okusheshayo kwenani lezilwane:
- ukugawula izihlahla;
- ukuthuthukiswa komuntu kwezindawo ezintsha ezisetshenziselwa ukufuya imfuyo;
- ukuzingela nokuzingela ngokungemthetho;
- ukubhujiswa kwendawo yemvelo ngaphansi kwethonya lezici eziningi.
Phakathi kwezinye izizathu ezifaka isandla ekwehleni kwesibalo sezilwane, izimpi eziningi nezingxabano eziqubuka ngezikhathi ezithile phakathi kwabantu abahlukahlukene bezwekazi lase-Afrika ziyabhekwa. Ososayensi bathi izilwane zijwayela kahle futhi zizala ngenkuthalo ezimweni zamapaki kazwelonke.
Abaqaphi beGerenuks
Isithombe: IGerenuk Red Book
Izazi ze-Zoologists zithi cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthola inani eliqondile lezilwane ngenxa yamaqembu amancane kodwa amaningi ahlala ezintabeni, kanye nasemahlathini aminyene ezihlahleni noma otshanini obude. Ukuzalela izinhlwathi emapaki kazwelonke kuyinkinga ngenxa yokwehla kwensimu yezinye zazo.
Kwezinye izifunda zezwekazi lase-Afrika, i-gerenuk ithathwa njengesilwane esihlonishwayo nesingcwele, futhi ukuyizingela akuvunyelwe nakancane. Kwezinye izifunda, kunalokho, izizwe zikubona njengento yokuzingela nomthombo wenyama. Ukuze kuvikelwe inyamazane, abamele inhlangano yokuvikela izilwane banxusa abantu bendawo ukuthi bayeke ukucekela phansi indawo yemvelo yezilwane futhi banciphise ukugawulwa kwamahlathi. Kunconywa ukuthatha zonke izindlela ukuvimbela ukuvela kwemililo.
Kunconywa ukuzama ukukhulisa izindawo zamapaki kazwelonke lapho izilwane zizizwa zikhululekile futhi zizala khona inzalo. Kubalulekile futhi ukwehlisa isibalo sabazingeli abazingela ngokungemthetho ababhubhisa izilwane ezinomusa nezimangalisayo ukuzijabulisa. Ngokusho kwabaphenyi, uma zonke lezi zinto ezingenhla ziqhubeka nokuthinta inani labangasetshenziswanga, eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo i-gerenuk izonyamalala ngokuphelele endaweni yezifunda eziningi lapho ihlala khona namuhla.
UGerenuk Ungummeleli wezwe lezilwane ezwenikazi lase-Afrika, elihlukile ngohlobo lwalo. Abantu bendawo bathi ubudlelwano bakhe bobabili amakamela nezindlulamithi. Noma kunjalo, abahlangene nakancane noma eyodwa.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 05/30/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 20.09.2019 ngo-21: 29
