IHyacinth macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) Upholi omkhulu endizayo. Ubude bayo bufinyelela imitha elilodwa. Unombala ohlukile, owawunquma igama lohlobo. Ikhanda elihlanzekile, amehlo ahlelwe yimibuthano ephuzi elikhanyayo, linomlomo omkhulu oyindilinga. Unengqondo ethuthukile. Uzwa futhi abone ukukhuluma kwabantu nemisindo yemvelo. Kufakazelwe ukuthi i-hyacinth macaw ayigcini nje ngokuphinda inkulumo yomuntu, kepha izala amagama ngokunengqondo. Ubuza futhi aphendule imibuzo, ubamba iqhaza engxoxweni.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: IHyacinth Macaw
I-hyacinth macaw ingeyohlobo lwe-chordate, isigaba sezinyoni, ukuhleleka okufana nopholi. Olunye lwezinhlobo ezimbili ezichazwe zohlobo A. hyacinthinus.
I-Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus noma i-hyacinth macaw enkulu yachazwa okokuqala futhi yaqoshwa ngokuningiliziwe yi-ornithologist yaseBrithani uJohn Leyten ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18. Isazi semvelo saseNgilandi sichaze le nyoni ngokususelwa kwisampula le-taxidermy elathunyelwa eNgilandi livela emakoloni. Umsebenzi wokuqala ochaza inyoni enkulu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomlomo ovelele usukela emuva ku-1790 futhi unesihloko esithi Psittacus hyacinthinus.
Ividiyo: IHyacinth Macaw
Igama lesimanje lopholi ezindizayo omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni ngu-Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus. Ubude bomzimba kusuka ekhanda kuye emsileni kusuka kumasentimitha ayi-100 kuye kwayi-130. Izimpaphe zombala wesafire omangalisayo. Inhloko incane, ihlanzekile, imbozwe ngokuphelele ngophaphe oluncane. Indandatho ebabazekayo ezungeze amehlo nomugqa owakha uqhwaku njengamadevu anombala ophuzi ogqamile. I-hyacinth macaw ingabonakala ngomsila wayo omude nangoqhwaku olukhulu, olunamandla. IHabitat iBrazil, iBolivia neParaguay.
Ummeleli wesibili walolu hlobo, i-hyacinth macaw Anodorhynchus leari, wachazwa ngumshana kaNapoleon Bonaparte maphakathi nekhulu le-19. UCarl Bonaparte uchaze le nyoni unyaka owodwa ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe.
UCarl Bonaparte uphawule umehluko omkhulu phakathi kohlobo lwapholi lokuqala nolwesibili. I-hyacinth macaw encane inombala ofanayo, kodwa izimpiko zimnyama kancane, kanti ikhanda, isifuba nesisu kuluhlaza okotshani. Umehluko omkhulu ubukhulu nesisindo senyoni. Ubude bomzimba babungu-75 cm nesisindo esingu-800 amagremu. Ihlala ezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo eNyakatho-Mpumalanga yeBrazil.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Parrot hyacinth macaw
Ama-hyacinth macaws ngopholi ezindizayo abakhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni. Ngesisindo esiqinile sezinyoni kusuka ku-800 amagremu kuya ku-1 kilogram, ziyakwazi ukumboza amabanga amade kakhulu. Inyoni le ihlala yodwa. Ayifuduki, ayishintshi izindawo zokuhlala, ihlala ezindaweni zendabuko zohlobo lwayo kukho konke ukuphila kwayo. Kodwa-ke, lapho ifuna ukudla, ingandiza amakhilomitha ayishumi, bese ibuyela esidlekeni ebusuku.
AmaHyacinth macaws enza amakhaya awo emigodini yesihlahla sasePanama. Lesi sihlahla singesomndeni wezimbali waseMalvaceae futhi sinokhuni oluthambile noluthambile, oluvumela amapholi ukuthi ande futhi ajulise imigodi yawo yemvelo. Ama-parrot akhetha amakhefu amakhulu futhi anethezekile. Uma kunesidingo, layisha phansi emgodini ngamaqabunga omile, izinti kanye nezimpaphe, ezitholakala emiqhele yezihlahla naphansi. Ukuphakama kwendawo yokwakha izidleke kungafinyelela kumamitha angama-40 ngaphezu komhlaba.
Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obukhulu nengqondo ebukhali, ama-hyacinth macaws abizwa ngokuthi imidondoshiya emnene. Opholi bathola lesi sidlaliso ngekhono labo lokusebenzisa amagama anothando ngendlela efanele. Inyoni ehlakaniphile ikhuluma izilimi zabaphathi bayo, ihlaziya kahle inkulumo, ingene ezingxoxweni, iyazi ukuthi ihlaya kanjani. I-macaw eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ilinganisela futhi inomusa, yenza umngane omuhle.
I-hyacinth macaw enkulu kunazo zonke eyaziwayo emhlabeni ifinyelele kumitha elingu-1 ubude. Isisindo sayo ngu-1.8 kg. Ukuphakama kwamaphiko ngama-cm 42. Umsila mude futhi ukhombe. Izimpiko ezinhle eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zishintsha umbala zibe yithoni ekhanyayo emaphethelweni. Umbala wentamo onomthunzi omncane wentuthu.
Ihlala kuphi i-hyacinth macaw?
Isithombe: I-hyacinth macaw enkulu
I-hyacinth macaw ihlala emahlathini ancishisiwe, hhayi aminyene futhi agcwele eNingizimu Melika. Izindawo zokuqala zasehlathini. Le ngxenye yehlathi iseduze nemifula eshisayo. Izithelo eziningi, amajikijolo namantongomane. Kukhona ukudla okwanele lapha, amagatsha ezihlahla ahlinzeka ngokuvikelwa futhi ngasikhathi sinye kunendawo eyanele yokundiza.
Imidondoshiya emnene ingatholakala ezindaweni ezinkulu zaseBolivia, zimbozwe ngoxhaxha lwemifula eshisayo, ngokwesibonelo, emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo ezingaphansi kwamagquma. Indawo yokuhlala yendabuko ye-hyacinth macaw isesigodini sase-Amazon, kanye nasendaweni enamachibi asePantanhal do Rio Negro.
Kunezindawo ezintathu eziyinhloko ezaziwayo eNingizimu Melika:
- ukucindezeleka kwe-Pantanal tectonic eBrazil, ngasempumalanga yeBolivia nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeParaguay;
- esifundeni saseCerrado empumalanga yeBrazil (Maranhao, Piaui, Bahia, Tocantins, Goias, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul neMinas Gerais);
- izindawo ezivulekile ngasemifuleni iTocantins, iXingu, iTapajos neMarajo Island esempumalanga ye-Amazon yeBrazil.
Abantu abancane batholakala ezihlahleni zesundu, emahlathini nakwezinye izindawo ezinamahlathi avulekile. I-hyacinth macaw igwema ihlathi elimanzi elimanzi. Lamaphara atholakala emadlelweni e-savannah, emahlathini anameva omile.
Idlani i-hyacinth macaw?
Isithombe: IHyacinth macaw eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Ukudla okuningi kwe-hyacinth macaw kusekelwe kumantongomane avela ezintendeni zezandla zase-Akuri naseBocayuwa. Imilomo eqinile iyashintshwa ukuze idle izinhlamvu nezinhlamvu eziqinile. Ama-parrot aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka akwazi ngisho nokuqhekeza ukhukhunathi, ama-pods amakhulu aseBrazil, namantongomane ama-macadamia.
Ukuthandwa kokudla kopholi omkhulu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuhlanganiswe namantongomane. Ukudla kwe-hyacinth macaw kuqukethe amantongomane aseBrazil, ama-cashews, ama-alimondi kanye nama-hazelnut. Le nyoni inamalimi omile, anolaka. Zilungiselelwe ukukhishwa kanye nokukhishwa kwezithelo.
Ama-macaws aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka azimisele ngokukha i-akuri nut. Yize iqiniso lokuthi le nati inzima kakhulu futhi uma isisha inzima kakhulu kopholi, izinyoni ziye zajwayela ukuyibheka emgqonyeni wezinkomo. Izinyoni ezingamaSavvy zindizela emadlelweni ngokukhethekile ukuyodla le nati.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, badla izithelo, batshale imbewu. Ungakhathazeki ngokudla i-bakuri, i-mandakara, i-pinyau, i-sapukai, i-peki, inga, i-cabasinya-do-campo, i-pitomba, i-buriti, i-karguata, i-toadicaba emhlophe, i-guava, i-guarana nezinye izithelo. EPantanal, ama-hyacinths aqoqa amantongomane e-Acrocomia aculeata, i-Attalea phalerata ne-Acrocomia lasiospatha palm palm.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Bird hyacinth macaw
I-hyacinth macaw yakha ngababili. Imindeni ihlangana ngemihlambi emincane. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuthola ukudla nokunakekela amaphuphu. Ukufuna ukudla, amapholi andiza asuke esidlekeni amakhilomitha amaningana abuye njalo.
Upholi omkhulu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uyinyoni enelukuluku lokwazi ukuxhumana nabanye abamele izilwane zaseningizimu Melika. Ikhiqiza imisindo yezilwane zasendle, ilingisa ezinye izilwane. Ngokwemvelo ephilayo, isikhathi sokuphila singafinyelela eminyakeni engama-90.
Unempempe ebukhali. Uyazi ukuthi ushaya kanjani, ushaye ikhwela futhi ukhononde. Umsindo owenziwe yi-hyacinth macaw ungathwalwa amakhilomitha amaningana. Yile ndlela amapholi exwayisa ngayo ngengozi. Njengoba benomoya omuhle, bangaxhumana nabantu besizwe sakubo isikhathi eside, behambahamba noma betshiza emagatsheni ezihlahla.
Ekuthunjweni balalela futhi baqonde umculo. Bathuthela kusigqi, badanse futhi benze imisindo kusigqi somculo.
Izinyoni zihlakaniphe kakhulu. Ekuthunjweni, babonisa uthando kubanikazi babo. Lingisa inkulumo. Qonda amagama nemiyalo. Opholi balolu hlobo basetshenziswa njengabadlali besekisi. Ukuthinta, khumbula ukuphathwa kabi, ukucasulwa ukunganakwa, ukudabuka nokuthukuthela. Athambekele ekucindezelekeni. Ngokubhikisha noma ngosizi, bangase bahlwithe izimpaphe zabo benqabe ukudla.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: IHyacinth Macaw
Izidleke ze-hyacinth macaw esikhathini kusuka ngoJulayi kuya kuDisemba. Opholi basebenzisa imigodi yezihlahla eseyenziwe ngomumo noma emifantwini yamatshe njengezidleke.
Ngandlela thile, i-hyacinth macaw incike kwi-toucan, okuyiyona esabalalisa imbewu yesihlahla seManduvi - iSterculia apetala. Kuyinto efaneleke kakhulu ekudlekeni. Izinkuni zayo ezithambile nezilalekayo zikulungele ukunweba nokwandisa izidleke. Ngeshwa, i-toucan nayo inesibopho sokudla amaqanda e-hyacinth macaw.
Ama-parrot amakhulu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka aqala ukukhwelwa eneminyaka engu-7. Abesilisa banakekela abesifazane, babanikeze izingcezu ezihlwabusayo kakhulu zezithelo namantongomane, bezwelana ngesisa nezimpaphe futhi beziphulula.
Ukuqomisana kugcina ngokukhwelana nokubekelana ngamaqanda. Abangaphezu kwababili babo bamba. Njengomthetho, yinye kuphela yamachwane amabili achanyuselwe asindayo. Isizathu ukuthi amapholi abeka amaqanda awo ngezikhathi zezinsuku ezimbalwa. Amachwane achanyuselwa ngokufanayo ngezikhathi ezithile. Iphuphu elincane alikwazi ukuncintisana nelidala ezindlekweni zokudla futhi ngokuvamile libulawa ukungondleki.
Ukufukamela kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-30. Eyesilisa iyayinakekela insikazi ngenkathi ifukamela amaqanda. Cishe izinyanga ezintathu emva kokufukamela, amaphuphu ashiya isidleke, kodwa ahlala ethembele kubazali bawo kuze kube izinyanga eziyisithupha.
Izitha zemvelo ze-hyacinth macaw
Isithombe: I-hyacinth macaw enkulu
Endle, amapholi amakhulu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka anezitha eziningi. Okokuqala, lezi yizilwane ezidla izinyoni ngokulandelana kwezinyoni. Amanqe afinyelela ezindaweni zopholi - i-turkey, i-katarta enekhanda eliphuzi, inqe yenkosi, i-osprey, kanye ne-cayenne namakhayithi akhokheliswe isikhathi eside. Ama-harpies, i-osprey nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-12 zezinyoni ze-hawk azikwenqeni ukudla amapholi.
Ezinye izinyoni zizingela ngenkuthalo izipholi ze-hyacinth, ezinye aziphikisi ukuzitika ngamaqanda azo. AmaToucans namajay abonakele ecekela phansi izidleke zopholi. Kwesinye isikhathi amakati asendle, izinyoka nezinombolo ezinkulu zama-raccoon zenza ama-forays ku-clutch. INosoha igibela ngobunono izihlahla igibele ezidlekeni. Kukhona amacala lapho bangena empini namapholi wokubeka.
Izinyoka zezihlahla ezinkulu nezinkulu futhi azingeli nje kuphela amaqanda namazinyane asanda kuzalwa. Phakathi kwezinyoka eziyingozi kakhulu kubalwa i-boa constrictor, inhlwathi, nezibankwa. Opholi abakuthandi ukuzitika ngamakati asendle ehlathi: i-ocelot, ikati lehlosi lasehlathini kanye nekati lotshani.
Kodwa-ke, ingozi enkulu kopholi we-hyacinth ngabantu. Izimpaphe ezinhle noqhwaku oluyigugu kwenza i-hyacinth macaw ibe isisulu esifiselekayo. Izimpaphe zalo zisetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa izesekeli, ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza izinto eziyizikhumbuzo nezintelezi.
Amachwane achanyuselwa athathwa ezidlekeni ukuze ziphinde zithengiselwe abaqoqi abazimele kanye nama-zoo. Ngenxa yokuthula kwayo nokuthula kwayo, i-hyacinth macaw iyindlela yokutholwa eyamukelekile. Ekuthunjweni, upholi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka awuzali. Opholi abakhulu bayizidalwa ezinothando futhi ezinobungane. Amandla abo okukhulumisana nokuzala inkulumo akhuphula inani lawo.
AmaNdiya ezinye izizwe ezivela eningizimu nasenkabeni yeBrazil asebenzisa izimpaphe zopholi we-hyacinth ukwenza izigqoko zendabuko kanye nemihlobiso kazwelonke.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoni zihlushwa ukulahleka kwendawo yazo yemvelo. I-Selvas, amahlathi emvula ashisayo ayanyamalala ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu. Amahlathi ayagawulwa futhi ashiswe. Yile ndlela abantu abawukhulula ngayo umhlaba ukuze bakhe amapulazi amasha kanye nokwakhiwa kwezimboni.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Parrot hyacinth macaw
I-hyacinth macaw iyinhlobo esengozini ngenxa yokuhweba ezimakethe ezimnyama, abazingeli abangekho emthethweni kanye nokulahleka kwendawo. Ngokusho kwedatha esemthethweni, kuphela kuma-80s wekhulu leminyaka elidlule, cishe izinyoni eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi zasuswa endle. Cishe isigamu sasimiselwe imakethe yasekhaya yaseBrazil.
Ngo-1972, umthengisi waseParaguay wathola amazinyane angu-300, kwasinda izinyoni ezintathu kuphela. Ukuzingelwa kwabantu abasha kuholele ekuqothulweni kwabantu. Abantu baphinde bathinteke ngokunyamalala kwezindawo zendabuko. Indawo iyashintsha ngenxa yokuziphatha kwezinkomo nokufuya ngomshini, futhi ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwezikhungo zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi.
Imililo yotshani yaminyaka yonke eyenziwa ngabalimi ibhubhisa izindawo zopholi zokuzalela. Izindawo ezihlala izidleke zezinyoni azisakulungele ukuphila nokuzala. Endaweni yabo kwakukhona amasimu emifino, izithelo nogwayi. Opholi bomndeni wakwaPsittacidae basengozini. Izinhlobo ezingama-46 kwezingu-145 zingaphansi kokuqothulwa komhlaba wonke.
Ekuqaleni komhlaka-21, inani lamapholi amakhulu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka alizange leqe abantu abayi-3000. Ukuma okusongelayo kwalezi zinhlobo kuphoqe abantu ukuthi bethule izinyathelo eziphuthumayo zokonga izinyoni ezingandile. Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule, inani labantu liphindwe kabili - abantu abangama-6400.
Ukuvikelwa kwe-hyacinth macaws
Isithombe: IHyacinth Macaw Red Book
Ohulumeni bamazwe aseNingizimu Melika atholakala ezindaweni zokuhlala zabomdabu ze-hyacinth macaws bathatha izinyathelo eziningi zokonga umphakathi. Sekwethulwe uhlelo lokonga lezi zinhlobo ezingandile endle, kanye nokuzalanisa lapho kuthunjwa.
Upholi omkhulu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uvikelwe umthetho eBrazil naseBolivia. Ukuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe nokuthekelisa akuvunyelwe. Kuthathwe izinyathelo eziningi zokusiza ekubuyiseni imvelo. Njengengxenye yephrojekthi yeHyacinth Macaw, kuye kwakhiwa indawo yokugcina izinyoni emvelweni ePantanal Nature Reserve eBrazil.
Izazi zezinyoni zikwazile ukusebenzisa izidleke nezindlela zokufakelwa zokukhulisa amatshwele ezimweni zemvelo. Lokhu kwandisa ukungavikeleki nokusinda kwezinyoni ezincane endaweni yemvelo.
Izinhlangano zomphakathi kanye nezishoshovu zamalungelo ezilwane zenza umsebenzi wokufundisa kubantu bendawo. Abalimi nabafuyi basePantanal naseGerais baxwayiswe ngecala lobugebengu lokulimaza izindawo zokuhlala nokubeka izingibe zezinyoni.
Ngenxa yephrojekthi yeHyacinth Macaw, sekusungulwe iziteshi ezikhethekile zamaphoyisa eBolivia naseParaguay ukulwa nabazingeli abazingela ngokungemthetho nabashushumbisa abathengisa izimpahla eziphilayo. Ngokubamba nokuhweba ngezinyoni ngokungemthetho, abaphula umthetho bajeziswa iminyaka emibili ejele kanye nenhlawulo elingana nenani eliphelele lesilwane.
Inani labantu ema-zoo naseqoqweni langasese liyanda. Izazi ze-ornithologists zinethemba lokuthi uma kwenzeka kubuyiselwa ngempumelelo indawo yezinyoni yomlando kanye nokufakwa kwezidleke zokufakelwa ezihlahleni zezithelo, kuzokwazi ukuqala ukufuduselwa kabusha kwamapholi kusuka ekuthunjweni kwezilwane zasendle.
IHyacinth macaw Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus yipholi enkulu kunazo zonke futhi ingenye yezipholi ezinhle kakhulu emhlabeni. Phambilini, ububanzi bayo busabalale maphakathi neBrazil kuze kufike eMato Grosso. Abantu abancane basatholakala eParaguay naseBolivia. Kunezizathu ezimbili ezibalulekile zokwehla okusheshayo kwenani lama-hyacinthine macaws.
Okokuqala nje, i-hyacinth macaw iheha abazingeli abazingela ngokungemthetho abathengisa izinyoni emakethe engekho emthethweni ngamanani aphezulu. Okwesibili, ukubhujiswa kwemvelo kuqhubeka ngokushesha. Usongo lwesithathu lusondela maduze.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: Meyi 16, 2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 20.09.2019 ngo-20: 26
