Sizungezwe izinambuzane eziningi ezithakazelisayo, phakathi kwazo indawo ekhethekile ehlala kuyo uphondo... Lezi zidalwa zinokubonakala okukhanyayo, ubukhulu obukhulu, futhi zingabazingeli abahle kakhulu bezinambuzane ezincane. Abantu abawabheki kakhulu ama-hornet.
Lokhu akumangazi, ngoba bangaluma ngokubuhlungu, futhi ushevu wabo ngobuningi bawo ungaze uholele nasekufeni. Kodwa-ke, izilwane zithwala ingozi enkulu kuphela ezimweni ezihlukile, umthamo obulalayo ungatholakala kuphela ngokulunywa okuningi. Kokunye i-hornet iyinambuzane ethakazelisa kakhulu futhi ewusizo. Kuyafaneleka ukufunda kabanzi ngakho!
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Hornet
Umnyovu omkhulu, ukundiza kwawo okuhambisana nomsindo omkhulu, kuyinkanyezi. Ungummeli ovelele womndeni wonogwaja bezenhlalo, ovame ukubizwa ngokuthi unomeva wophondo. NgesiLatin, igama lezinhlobo lizwakala njenge- "Vespa". Ihunyushelwe olimini lwesiRussia ngegama elithi "umsinyo". Ekuqaleni, yonke iminyovu yezenhlalo yenziwa yohlobo lweVespa. Kodwa-ke, ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, yahlukaniswa yaba imikhakha emibili. Izimpondo ziseyiVespa kanti iminyovu yiVespula (umnyovu omncane).
Ividiyo: Uphondo
Imvelaphi yegama laseRussia elithi "uphondo" alithandeki kangako. Umsuka waleli gama, futhi, usho ikhanda, izimpondo. Ngalesi sizathu, ososayensi baphethe ngokuthi iminyovu yethiwa yaqanjwa ngenxa yezici zokwakheka kwekhanda. Isilwane sinomqhele okhulisiwe, izimpondo ezihambayo.
Kuze kube manje, cishe izinhlobo ezingamashumi amabili zeminyovu ye-hornet seziqoshiwe. I-Vespa mandarinia yaziwa njengezinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke. I-Adult Vespa mandarinia ingaba ngamasentimitha amahlanu nanhlanu ubude.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-hornet, okuthakazelisa kakhulu kubo kungahlukaniswa ngokwehlukana:
- uphondo olumnyama. Kungumhlobo owaziwa kancane, ongavamile weminyovu yezenhlalo. Kubhalwe kuRed Book ngenxa yokwehla okusheshayo kosayizi babantu. Inombala wesilwane esidla ezinye - imivimbo ephuzi emhlane omnyama;
- I-Asiatic. Izinhlobo ezinkulu impela, zinamaphiko amakhulu. Uhlala endaweni yase-Asia. Ithwala ingozi ethile kubantu. Ukuluma kwakhe kunobuthi obukhulu;
- I-Philippine. Ihlukile ngombala omnyama oqinile, ikhiqiza ubuthi obuyingozi. Uhlala kuphela eziqhingini zasePhilippine;
- EMpumalanga. Kubo bonke abameleli bohlobo, inemibala ekhanyayo. Isisu sayo sihlotshiswe ngomugqa ophuzi obanzi, umzimba namaphiko kupendwe ngokubomvu okukhanyayo. Lezi zinhlobo zikubekezelela ukushisa ngokumangazayo, zihlala emaqeleni ngisho nasehlane.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Inambuzane ye-Hornet
Usayizi omaphakathi walezi zinambuzane ngamasentimitha ayi-1.8 kuye kwayi-3.5. Izinhlobo ezithile kuphela ezingafinyelela ubude bamasentimitha amahlanu nohhafu. Izimpondo zihlukile kwamanye amalungu omndeni wazo. Zinobukhulu obukhulu, zikhuphukile osayizi bamakhanda, nomqhele obanzi. Lezi zinambuzane zinamehlo axubile futhi alula. Umbala wekhanda uncike ohlotsheni lwe-hornet. Kungaba owolintshi, obomvu ngombala onsundu, mnyama, ophuzi.
Abantu abadala bahlukaniswa ngamagunya amakhulu, aqinile. Anemibala ephuzi, nsundu noma emnyama. Ikhanda lesinambuzane linezimpondo ezimnyama ngokunsundu. Inombolo yabo incike ebulilini. Isisu somnyovu onjalo siyisiyingi, sinokhalo oluchazwe kahle. Kukhona udosi ekugcineni kwesisu. Udosi, uma uphondo luzolile, kucishe kungabonakali. Idonswa emzimbeni. Kukhona idamu elikhethekile ekuqaleni kocingo. Iqukethe ubuthi.
Iminyovu ye-Hornet inamandla okuhlaba ngokuphindaphindiwe. Udosi lwabo lubushelelezi, luqonde. Ayinazo izingwegwe, ngokungafani nenyosi. Ngalesi sizathu, lapho uluma, isilwane asizilimazi.
Umbala womzimba walolu hlobo lomnyovu ufana nezinye - kuma-hornet amaningi umnyama futhi uphuzi. Umehluko kuphela ukuthi imivimbo ishintshana kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobonhlobo, umbala wazo ohluke ngokuphelele ezihlotsheni zazo. Isibonelo, uphondo olushintshanayo lunomzimba onemigqa emnyama nokumnyama.
Eminye iminyovu ye-hornet inomugqa ophuzi noma omhlophe obanzi esiswini sayo. Umzimba wonke umbozwe izinwele ezincane. Zikhula ngokuxakaniseka futhi ziyahlukahluka ngosayizi. Ama-Hornet asevele enamapheya amathathu emilenze. Zingaba nsundu noma ziphuzi.
Uhlalaphi?
Isithombe: uphondo lwase-Asia
Abamele lolu hlobo bande kakhulu eNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Indawo yabo yokuhlala incike ngokuphelele kuzici zezinhlobo. Ngakho-ke, okuthandwa kakhulu yi-hornet evamile. Yilolu kuphela uhlobo oluhlala ngobuningi e-Ukraine, eRussia, eNyakatho Melika. ERussia, iminyovu enjalo imelwe kakhulu engxenyeni yaseYurophu yensimu. Enyakatho ekude ngeke uyithole. Futhi, uphondo ojwayelekile uhlala eJapan, Korea, China. Abantu abancane besilwane bangatholakala eMongolia, eKazakhstan.
INyakatho Melika akuyona indawo engokwemvelo ye-hornet evamile. Isinambuzane silethwe lapho ngengozi emuva ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye.
Ezingxenyeni eziningi ze-Asia, esifundeni esizimele samaJuda, ePrimorsky naseKhabarovsk Territories, uphondo lwase-Asia luphila. Inkulu ngosayizi, eJapan lesi sinambuzane sibizwa nge- "bee sparrow". Futhi nase-Asia eshisayo, njengaseFrance naseSpain, iminyovu yase-Asia ejwayelekile. Bakha "izindlu" zabo emagatsheni ezihlahla, bondle futhi bazingele izinyosi.
Iminyovu yasempumalanga ikhetha izifunda ezomile ezishisayo ukuze iphile. Ingatholakala e-Uzbekistan, e-Afghanistan, eTurkey, e-Italy, eRomania, eGrisi, eNyakatho Afrika, nakwezinye izifunda zase-Europe nase-Asia. Ensimini enkulu yeRussian Federation, ososayensi baqaphele izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili zama-hornet. Icilongo elivamile, elisempumalanga lihlala engxenyeni yezwe laseYurophu. Ezinye izinhlobo eziyisithupha zezinambuzane zihlala eningizimu yeMpumalanga Ekude.
Udliwa yini umampondo?
Isithombe: Hornet indiza
Uphondo luyisidalwa esimangalisayo. Iyakwazi ukondla kuzo zombili izinto zezitshalo nezilwane. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi zeminyovu enjalo, lokhu kudla kunemikhiqizo ejwayelekile emndenini: umpe, ukudla kwezitshalo ezinoshukela omningi. Zivame ukubonakala ezithelweni ezibolile, eduze koju, ezihlahleni, kusuka kumagxolo okugeleza kwawo. Izimpondo zindiza njalo ezindiza zezithelo. Lapho badla izithelo ezimnandi, ezivuthwe ngokweqile. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho isilwane singahlaba umuntu ofinyelele isithelo.
Yize iqiniso lokuthi umpe olumnandi, izithelo, ukudla kwezitshalo kungazanelisa ngokugcwele izidingo zenyama yama-hornet, lezi zinambuzane zingaphenduka ngokushesha zibe abazingeli abahle kakhulu. Zibulala ezinye izinambuzane ezincane ngemihlathi enamandla nangokulunywa. Izinkumbi, ezinye izinhlobo zeminyovu, izinyosi, izintethe, izimvemvane nezicabucabu ziba izisulu zazo. Izinhlobo ezidliwayo zama-hornet empilweni yazo ziyakwazi ukubhubhisa cishe amakoloni angamakhulu amahlanu ezinyosi, iminyovu.
Iqiniso elimangalisa kakhulu ukuthi ama-hornet ngokwawo awavamile ukusebenzisa izinambuzane ezibulewe ukuzidlela ukudla. Isilwane sihlafuna kahle isisulu saso kuze kube yilapho ukumiswa kungumfaniswano. Abantu abadala baletha lokhu kumiswa izidleke bakunike izibungu ezinamandla. Uma sibheka ukuthi izinambuzane ezincane ziya ezidlekeni ziyodla, uphondo lungabizwa ngokuthi yisinambuzane esiwusizo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-Hornet Red Book
Iminyovu yaseHornet ihola indlela yokuphila yomphakathi. Ziyaqoqana emihlambini, zakha izidleke. Isibalo somhlambi owodwa singafinyelela amakhulu abantu. Izidleke zamaHornet zihlukaniswa ngomusa okhethekile, umusa. Lezi zinambuzane ziphakathi kwabakhi abaphambili. Umsunguli wesidleke njalo ngowesifazane owasinda ebusika. Ngokuqala kwemfudumalo, insikazi iqala ukufuna indawo efanelekile. Imvamisa le ndawo ingumgodi oshiywe esihlahleni, uphahla lwesakhiwo sokuhlala, uqhekeko edwaleni.
Insikazi iqala ukwakha isidleke ngokhuni olubolayo, amagxolo amadala. Kulesi sidleke, ubeka ikoloni lakhe. Inzalo yokuqala yowesifazane iba iminyovu esebenza. Bathatha yonke imisebenzi yokwakha, ukuvikela indlu, nokondla inzalo. Ama-hornet asebenzayo achitha usuku lonke efuna ukudla: umpe, izitshalo, izinambuzane ezincane. Indlela yokuphila yama-hornet ikakhulukazi emini.
Lezi zinambuzane zinezinga eliphezulu lokuthuthuka. Wonke amalungu ohlobo ayakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwesimo somunye nomunye. Lokhu bakwenza ngephunga nangezinye izici zabantu abadala.
Uhlobo lwezimpondo alunampi, alucasuli. Ngeke bangene embizeni yojamu, ngeke bazihluphe ngokuba khona kwabo edilini elinamaswidi nezithelo. Izimpondo zikhetha ukugwema umphakathi wesintu, yize zihlala zakha izidleke zazo ophahleni lwezakhiwo zokuhlala. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ukuhlaselwa kophondo kubantu akuvamile. Futhi hhayi njalo ukulunywa okunjalo kungadlula kunganakwa. Ukusabela okweqile komzimba kwenzeka. Lokhu kungenxa yesilinganiso esiphakeme se-histamine ebusheni balezi zinambuzane.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Hornet
Iminyovu ye-Hornet yizinambuzane eziningi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, akubona bonke abesifazane abavundile. Isibeletho sikwazi ukuzala inzalo. Imvamisa iba mikhulu ngosayizi. Yizinsikazi eziba ngabasunguli bomndeni wophondo, ziqala ukwakhiwa kwendlu (isidleke). Ngaphambi kokubeka amaqanda, isibeletho, ngokuqala kokushisa kokuqala, sifuna indawo ephephile nenethezekile yokwakha indlu. Ibeka amaqanda ayo ngemuva kokwakha amakhulu ambalwa okuqala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imisebenzi yakhe ifaka phakathi ukuthola ukudla nokunakekela inzalo yesikhathi esizayo. Kuthatha isikhathi esithile ukuthi amaqanda avuthwe. Okokuqala, kuvela izibungu kubo, bese kuba ngabantu abadala. Lapho amalungu amasha omphakathi eba njengama-hornet amadala, athatha yonke imithwalo yemfanelo yomzali wabo. Indlovukazi iyaqhubeka nokubeka amaqanda, kanti iminyovu esebenzayo ithola ukudla, iqaphe indlu, iqede ukuyakha, inakekele izibungu.
Ngemuva kwamasonto amane, kuvela izinyoni ezintsha ezivela ezibungwini. Imvamisa zibulala isibeletho ngenxa yokwehluleka kwaso ukukhiqiza inzalo eningi. Abanye abantu bavele bayixoshe esidlekeni. Abamele uhlobo oluhlala engxenyeni yaseYurophu abaphila isikhathi eside. Isikhathi sabo sokuphila esiphelele siyizinyanga ezimbalwa nje. Isibeletho kuphela esinokuphila isikhathi eside. Bayakwazi ukuchitha ubusika ngokugqwayiza okumisiwe.
Ama-Hornet anganikeza ukwenqaba okuhle ezitheni zawo nawo wonke umhlambi. Ukuzivikela kwabo, bayazi ukuthi bangahlanganisa kanjani amabutho ngokushesha. Uma kunengozi, lesi silwane sikhipha i-alamu pheromone. Uma isibonakaliso esinjalo sibonwa yizihlobo zakhe, umhlaseli usengozini yangempela.
Izitha zemvelo zama-hornet
Isithombe: Inambuzane ye-Hornet
Ama-Hornet awanazo izitha eziningi zemvelo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lezi zinambuzane zinokuthula okuthe xaxa. Bakhetha ukubalekela isitha. Ngokuzivikela kuphela i-hornet ingazibonakalisa ingumzingeli wangempela. Izilwane ezinjalo zinobudlova ikakhulukazi uma othile efisa isidleke sazo, inzalo, isibeletho. Futhi, inani elincane lezitha zemvelo lichazwa ubuthi beminyovu yama-hornet, njengoba kufakazelwa umbala wazo okhanyayo. Ezinye izilwane zizama ukugwema izinambuzane ezinjalo.
Izitha eziningana zemvelo zingabhalwa:
- izimuncagazi ezincane. Ama-Nematode, abagibeli, amakhizane ahamba kancane kodwa ngokuqinisekile abulala ama-hornet amakhulu, ayonakalisa kakhulu impilo yawo;
- ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni. Izinhlobo ezithile kuphela zezinyoni ezikwaziyo ukuzingela abamele iminyovu yenhlalo. Izinyoni eziningi zimane zigwinye ziphelele, zivimbela lesi sinambuzane ekuzilimeni;
- isikhunta. Isikhunta singamila ku-hornet ekhanda, siholele ekufeni okubuhlungu nokude;
- ezinye izinambuzane. Izimpondo zingabulawa ngeminyovu emikhulu, izintuthwane. Izintuthwane zivame kakhulu ukudla izibungu zezinambuzane;
- labantu. Ngaphandle kwezinzuzo, ama-hornet abhekwa njengezilokazane. Bahlala emabhilidini okuhlala abantu, bayingozi empilweni yabantu nasempilweni yabo, futhi babanga umonakalo omkhulu ezihlahleni ezisencane. Ngalesi sizathu, izidleke zophondo zivame ukubhujiswa ngabantu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Isilwane se-Hornet
Uhlobo lwe-hornet lubanzi ngokwanele. Kufaka izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingamashumi amabili ezahlukahlukene zezinambuzane, ezihlukile ngombala, usayizi, ukudla kanye nendlela yokuphila. Ngenxa yobukhona bezinhlobo eziningana, ukuzala okuphezulu, lolu hlobo alusengozini, alufakwanga ohlwini lweRed Book.
Inani elijwayelekile lama-hornet alikhathazi ososayensi. Kuyinto evamile, engakhathazeki kangako, futhi inengozi ephansi yokuqothulwa. Kodwa-ke, uma sibheka inani leminyovu yama-hornet esimweni sohlobo ngalunye, lesi simo asikhuthazi kangako. Izinhlobo eziningi zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa futhi zibhalwe kuRed Data Books zamazwe ngamadolobha. Kunezizathu ezihluke ngokuphelele zokwehliswa kwenani lezilwane ezinjalo, ezingatholakala esigabeni esilandelayo sencwadi.
Izinhlobo ezisengozini zifaka uphondo ojwayelekile. Abantu bayo ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zendawo abahlala kuyo engazinzile kakhulu. Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu kuhlukahluka kufakiwe eNcwadini Ebomvu yesifunda saseSmolensk. Futhi, ummeleli omncane wohlobo lwe-hornet yi-Dybowski hornet (emnyama). Inosayizi olinganiselwe wama-hornet, inombala onsundu onsundu, futhi iyisilwane esidla ezinye. I-hornet emnyama ifakiwe eRed Book yesifunda saseChita. Ezinye izinhlobo zama-hornet zifakiwe kwiRed Data Books yaseGerman nakwamanye amazwe amaningi aseYurophu.
Ukuvikelwa kophondo
Isithombe: Hornet Red Book
Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, ngokuvamile, uhlobo loonomeva abakho engozini. Inani lalesi sigaba liphezulu impela, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuzala kwabesifazane. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo ezithile zama-hornet kancane kancane zilahlekelwa yizinombolo zazo, lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi kwezinye izindawo zendawo yazo yemvelo.
Lokhu kuthonywa yizici ezilandelayo:
- isikhathi esifushane sokuphila. Abantu abadala baphila izinyanga ezimbalwa kuphela. Izindlovukazi kuphela ezikwazi ukuhlala ziphila ngemuva kobusika. Bayamfihla;
- umthelela wezitha zemvelo. Amakholoni amakhulu ama-hornet abhujiswa ngabantu, ezinye izilwane ezidlayo, izintuthwane nezinyoni. Okubi kakhulu, yiqiniso, ngabantu. Bachitha ngamabomu izidleke zophondo ngenxa yemiphumela emibi yalezi zinambuzane;
- ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kakhulu. Iminyovu yaseHornet ivame ukuhlala emahlathini, yakhe izidleke zawo emagatsheni ezihlahla. Ngokugawula izinkuni, abantu baphuca lezi zinambuzane indawo yokuhlala phezu kwamakhanda abo, amandla okuzala, ondle ngokhula lwezihlahla ezincane;
- ukwelashwa kwezihlahla, izithelo, izitshalo ezinama-pesticides ahlukahlukene. Lesi yisici esiyinhloko esithinta kabi inani lazo zonke izilwane, kufaka phakathi izinambuzane. Ukwelashwa okujulile ngama-poison kuholela ekufeni kwama-hornet.
Uphondo ungummeleli omkhulu kunabo bonke bomndeni omkhulu weminyovu. Lezi zinhlobo zezinambuzane ezinokuthula, yize inobuthi obukhulu. Ezimweni ezehlukile kuphela lapho ama-hornet abonisa ulaka. Ama-Hornet angabakhi abahle kakhulu, iminyovu yomphakathi esebenza kanzima eletha izinzuzo eziningi kubantu, ecekela phansi inani elikhulu lezinambuzane ezincane.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 02.05.2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 19.09.2019 ngo-23: 41
