IPiranha - inhlanzi emele igazi, kunezinganekwane eziningi ezesabekayo namahemuhemu ngakho, amafilimu amaningi asabekayo adutshuliwe. Ingabe uyingozi ngempela njengoba besho ngaye? Ngokumangazayo, abathandi abaningi be-exotic bayigcina ekhaya ezindaweni zasemanzini. Ngokusobala, akuwona wonke umuntu osaba i-piranha enolaka futhi abantu abaningi bathanda lo muntu onamazinyo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Piranha
Uma sikhuluma nge-piranha ejwayelekile, khona-ke lesi silwane singaphansi kwesigaba sezinhlanzi ezihlanjululwe ngemisebe kanye nokuhleleka okunamandla. Ngezindleko zomndeni okukuyo le nhlanzi, kunezigaba ezimbili. Omunye umbeka njengelungu lomndeni we-haracin, kanti omunye njengelungu lomndeni wepiranha. Kucatshangwa okuhlukahlukene maqondana negama lenhlanzi.
Ngokusho komunye umbono, leli gama lavela olimini lwesiPutukezi futhi lisho ukuthi "pirate", ngokusho kwenye - kusuka olimini lwesizwe samaNdiya saseGuarani, elihunyushwe ngokuthi "inhlanzi embi". Abantu bafunde ngepiranha ejwayelekile maphakathi nekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye. Ngaphezu kwalolu hlobo, kukhona nezinye izinhlobo, inani eliphelele elicishe libe ngamashumi amathathu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-piranha, zine kuphela ezingaba yingozi kubantu noma ezilwaneni, ngaphezu kwengxenye yama-piranhas akhetha ukudla kwezitshalo.
Phakathi kokuyingozi, okulungile, futhi kufaka phakathi i-piranha ejwayelekile nenkulu. Ake sichaze ngokuningiliziwe ezinye izinhlobo zale nhlanzi.
IPiranha ezejwayelekile iyingozi kubantu. Ubude bomzimba wayo bungafika ku-60 cm, kepha kuvame ukutholakala izibonelo kusuka ku-25 kuye ku-35 cm ubude. Amajuba afinyelela ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalombili ubudala anemibala ecebe kakhulu (amathoni aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka anamabala amnyama namaphiko abomvu). Izinhlanzi ezindala zinombala ompunga nge-silvery sheen, amachashazi egolide ayabonakala ezinhlangothini.
Ividiyo: IPiranha
Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, umbala womphetho wendunu uphenduka ube bomvu, kuthi inhlanzi icishe ibe mnyama ngesisu esibomvu. Amazinyo enhlanzi afana namazinyo esaha, asika ngalo izingcezu zenyama ayidlayo. Amazinyo emihlathini engezansi makhulu. Abesifazane bakhulu ngobukhulu kunabesilisa.
I-Red (red-breasted pacu) inendawo yokuhlala unomphela endaweni yaseBrazil futhi ingeyezinhlobo ezidla imifino. Le nhlanzi inkulu kakhulu, ubude bayo bungaba ngamasentimitha angama-90. Umbala we-pacu u-silvery-grey, isifuba namaphiko aphansi kubomvu. Umsila wenhlanzi uvezwe ngombala omnyama (ocishe ube mnyama). Intsha inamabala amnyama ezinhlangothini. IPiranha emise okwedayimane inesimo somzimba esifana negama layo.
Wathatha isigqoko waya ezitsheni zomfula:
- I-Amazon;
- ILa Plata;
- IGuyana.
Ubude bezinhlanzi bucishe bube ngamasentimitha angama-40, umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala, umphetho we-caudal unqunyelwe umugqa.
I-piranha ezacile inomzimba ovulekile, ongaba ngamasentimitha angama-30. Inhlanzi uqobo lwayo iyisiliva, futhi isisu sayo sibomvu kancanyana, umsila unomphetho omnyama. Lolu hlobo luhlala emifuleni efana ne-Orinoco ne-Amazon.
I-piranha encane ayidluli ubude obungu-15 cm, kepha ibuyisela ubukhulu bayo obuncane ngobudlova nemikhuba yokudla. Kukhona i-hump encane ekhanda lezinhlanzi elenziwe. Umzimba wesiliva wepiranha uhlotshiswe ngamachashazi amnyama ezinhlangothini, futhi umsila uhlotshiswe ngomphetho omnyama. Umbala we-anal fin ubomvu ngokubomvu.
I-pacu ensundu ithanda ukuhlala yodwa, ngokungafani nozakwabo, ingaba ngaphezu kwemitha ubude. Umbala wenhlanzi ubunsundu, mpunga, umnyama. Le mibala emzimbeni we-piranha ingahlanganiswa, igcwalisane. Ukuma kwamazinyo e-pacu ensundu kuyefana nokwomuntu.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Piranha Fish
Kuyacaca ukuthi uhlobo ngalunye lwe-piranha lunezici zalo ezihlukile, kepha, nokho, lezi zinhlanzi zinezici eziningi ezijwayelekile ngokubukeka, kungakhathalekile ukuthi ziluhlobo luni. Umzimba wepiranha ucwecwe ezinhlangothini futhi uphakeme impela. Inhlanzi enkulu kunazo zonke evela emndenini wepiranha yi-pacu ensundu, ubude bayo bomzimba bufinyelela ku-108 cm kanti isisindo sayo sifinyelela kuma-40 kg.
Izinhlobo ezincane kunazo zonke yi-methinnis yesiliva, umzimba wayo awudluli ku-14 cm.I-piranhas yabesifazane inkulu futhi ibukeka ikhuluphele kakhulu kunabesilisa. Kepha imibala kumbala wabesilisa ilawulwa yimibala ekhanyayo.
Izinhlanzi ezidlayo zinekhanda elikhulu impela, isifonyo siqonde, futhi imihlathi inamandla amakhulu futhi iqinile, ephansi iphumela phambili. Amazinyo enhlanzi abukhali, avale ngengidi eqinile lapho uvale umlomo noma uluma. Ngenhla kukhona cishe okungama-66, nangaphansi - 77. Izindebe zepiranha zijiyile, zimboza ingxenye ephezulu yamazinyo, ngakho-ke kuphela ukuphela kwazo okubukhali okubonakalayo. IPiranhas, imenyu yayo iqukethe zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo, inikezwe amazinyo okugcoba i-molly. I-pennant piranha inemigqa emibili yamazinyo ngaphezulu.
Umsila kaPiranha awumude kakhulu, unomphetho oqinile, inothi elivezwe kahle. I-dorsal fin yinde, inemisebe engaphezu kwe-16. Isiphetho senhlanzi naso siyinde, kanti lezo ezisesiswini sifushane. Kungabonakala ukuthi i-adipose fin ivelele enqwabeni lwenhlanzi, lesi sici yisici senhlanzi efana ne-haracin.
Amehlo kaPiranha abukhali futhi nephunga aliphumeleli. Amehlo akhe makhulu ngokwanele, ahlome abafundi abamnyama. Ngombono wayo, inhlanzi ingabamba impukane noma inyosi endiza phezu kwamanzi. Iphunga lezinhlanzi ezidlayo lizwelana kakhulu nokuthi zingezwa iphunga legazi echibini elikhulu ngemizuzwana engama-30 nje kuphela. I-piranha sideline iskena ngokucacile noma yikuphi ukunyakaza okuseduze.
Njengoba sekushiwo, umbala wama-piranhas awuguquki kuphela kusuka ezinhlotsheni kuya ezinhlotsheni, kodwa futhi nangobudala. Kwezinye izinhlobo, ukukhula okuncane kunemibala ehlukile kunezinhlanzi ezivuthiwe.
IPiranha kungaba:
- mnyama;
- isiliva;
- mpunga;
- mpunga oluhlaza okotshani.
Izinhlanzi eziningi zihlotshiswe ngamabala amnyama, imivimbo, amachashazi acwebezelayo. Amaphiko nawo eza ngemibala ehlukahlukene.
Sithole ukuthi ipiranha ibukeka kanjani, manje sizothola ukuthi uhlala kuphi.
Ihlala kuphi ipiranha?
Isithombe: Piranhas emanzini
AmaPiranhas akhetha isimo sezulu esifudumele, ngakho-ke awasoze atholakala emanzini aqandayo. Lezi zinhlanzi zisabalale kakhulu kulo lonke izwekazi laseNingizimu Melika.
Bahlala emifuleni njenge:
- IParana;
- I-Amazon;
- I-Uruguay;
- I-Orinoco;
- Essequibo.
Lezi zinhlanzi zikhethwe yiVenezuela, iGuyana, iBolivia, i-Uruguay, iPeru, iBrazil, i-Argentina, i-Ecuador, iColombia, iParaguay. AmaPiranhas angamanzi angenasawoti, ahlala emifuleni, emachibini, emiseleni, nasemanzini. Ayawagwema amanzi olwandle, ngoba awanakuzala emanzini anosawoti.
Muva nje, ukutholakala kwamapiranha kuqale ukwenzeka emanzini ezwe lethu naseYurophu. Impela, lokhu kwenzeka, kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi ipiranha yanda futhi yaqala ukuhlala ezindaweni lapho yayingakaze ibonwe khona ngaphambili. Isizathu salokhu kutholwa okwehlukile ukunganaki kwalabo abaletha ama-piranha ezindaweni zabo zasemanzini ekhaya, base benquma ukubasusa ngokubadedela emanzini aseduzane, bengacabangi ukuthi bazolahla izinhlanzi ekufeni okungenakugwemeka.
IPiranha ivame ukuhlala kulezo zindawo lapho kunezinhlanzi eziningi zokudla, ngoba uminzile ngokwanele. Ukuzingela kuvame ukwenzeka emanzini angajulile noma lapho kunodaka oluningi ezansi. Izimo ezibalulekile kubo ukuthi amanzi afudunyezwe kahle, ahlanzekile, kukhona i-oxygen eyanele kuwo, kukhona nohlaza oluningi. IPiranhas ithanda amanzi ngokugeleza okusesilinganisweni, hhayi okusheshayo. Ngesinye isikhathi ziyabhukuda zingene olwandle, kepha azihlali lapho isikhathi eside.
Sithole ukuthi i-piranha ihlala kuphi, manje sizobona ukuthi udlani.
Idlani ipiranha?
Isithombe: Piranha
Ukuminza kwama-piranha kuyamangalisa, kokubili abadla inyama nabadla imifino. Umzingeli udla cishe yonke into ehlala kukholamu lamanzi: ezinye izinhlanzi, izilwane ezihuquzelayo, izilwane, izinyoni, ezintanta phezulu noma ezindiza phansi emanzini. Ngisho nezingwenya ziyayesaba i-piranhas, ngakho-ke zibhukuda phezu komhlambi wazo ziye phezulu ngesisu esisengozini, zifake umhlane ohlomile ngenhlanzi. Badla ama-piranhas ne-plankton, izibungu zezinambuzane zasemanzini, ama-amphibians, ama-molluscs, zonke izinhlobo zama-invertebrates. I-pennant piranha idla izikali zezinhlanzi ezinkulu, ingadluli nezihlobo zayo.
Ama-piranhas ahlala endle awacoshi lutho phansi; izinhlanzi zasemanzini zidla izingcezu zenyama eziwele phansi. Kubadli be-piranha, ukudla abantu kuyisici. Badidekile emanetheni ezizwe zakubo, bazodla ngaphandle kokungabaza. Kuma-aquariums, izenzeko ezinjalo zivame ukwenzeka lapho umuntu oyedwa onamandla edla abafo.
Izinhlanzi ezihlala ekuthunjweni zondliwa ngefry, imfanzi, inyama ehlukahlukene, isikwidi, imisundu evamile, engeza imifino (iklabishi, amazambane, i-zucchini, isipinashi) kwimenyu. Ama-piranhas emifino adla zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo zasemanzini, izithelo nembewu ewele ezihlahleni yangena emanzini.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-predator piranha isebenza njengohlobo lwamanzi ahlelekile, ngoba imvamisa ikhetha izakhamuzi zamanzi ezibuthakathaka nezibuhlungu njengesisulu.
Manje uyazi ukuthi i-piranha idlani. Kuncane kakhulu okusele, kungekudala uzoba "umkhulu" emkhakheni wama-piranhas.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: iPiranha ngaphansi kwamanzi
AmaPiranhas ngokuvamile ahlangana ngemihlambi yabantu abangaba ngu-30. Yize kwezinye izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, isikole singaba nenhlanzi engaba yinkulungwane. Izilwane zihamba zizingela kusihlwa, ebusuku nasebusuku. Izinganekwane eziningi, izindaba ezethusayo zihlotshaniswa nama-piranhas nokoma kwawo kwegazi. Kuyiphutha ukukholelwa ukuthi ukunyakaza emhlambini wonke kuhlotshaniswa nesifiso sabo sokubulala, bakhona bebonke, kunalokho, ukuzivikela kwabanye abantu abangabafuni.
Isimo esinolaka nesiphikisanayo sama-piranha singabonakala ngendlela abaziphatha ngayo phakathi kwabo, imvamisa ukuqala izimpi zangaphakathi, ukulwa nokulimazana. AmaPiranhas achitha iningi lezimpilo zabo efuna ukudla, ngoba ukuthanda kwabo kukhulu kakhulu.
Ukuzingela ama-piranhas akuyona into emnandi, bahlala emzimbeni wezilwane emhlambini omkhulu, badabula izingcezu zenyama ngamazinyo abo abukhali, lezi zinhlanzi zingasicunula isilwane esikhulu emathanjeni ngomzuzu owodwa nje. Izinhlanzi zizwela kakhulu kunoma yikuphi ukusaphazeka kwamanzi, futhi iphunga legazi liyabakhanga, njengamandla kazibuthe onamandla.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Akukaze kube khona icala elilodwa le-piranha elidla umuntu ephelele, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kumafilimu asabekayo.
IPiranha ingaluma umuntu, ibangele ubuhlungu obumangalisayo, amacala anjalo avame ukwenzeka minyaka yonke. Indawo yokuluma yale nhlanzi ivutha kakhulu futhi ithatha isikhathi eside ukuphola, futhi kwesinye isikhathi abantu kufanele banqume izitho ngenxa yayo. Imihlathi ye-piranha inamandla amakhulu kangangokuba ayinakuqhathaniswa nanoma yisiphi esinye isilwane.
Ngokuvamile, isimo salezi zinhlanzi sinolaka kakhulu, umlingiswa akayona engcono kakhulu, futhi ama-piranha awathathi ukukhuthazela. EBrazil, bazama ngisho nokufaka ushevu ngoshevu, kepha bavele babhubhisa ezinye izilwane echibini, futhi ama-piranha ahlala engenamyocu. Vele, lezi yizilwane ezinolaka, kepha izinganekwane nezindaba eziningi zihaba izinga lobungozi elethwa yilezi zinhlanzi.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Umhlambi wama-piranhas
Njengoba kwenzeka, ngokuyisisekelo, ama-piranha ahlala emihlambini, kwesinye isikhathi maningi kakhulu. Kodwa omele umndeni wabo omkhulu kunabo bonke (brown pacu) uthanda isizungu ngokuphelele. Izinhlanzi zivuthwa ngokocansi eduze konyaka owodwa nohhafu. Lezi zinhlanzi zibonakaliswa ngemidlalo yothando emide ebhangqiwe ngaphambi kokuzala. Umbala wabantu abajabule uyashintsha, ukhanya ngokwengeziwe, ulaka lwenhlanzi ngenkathi yokukhwelana luyanda kuphela.
Umbhangqwana ngamunye wezinhlanzi othandweni unendawo yawo ehlukile, ayivikelayo ekungeneleleni kwabanye abantu. Ekuseni ngovivi, lapho kuvela imisebe yokuqala yelanga, insikazi iqala ukuzala, ibhekise ikhanda layo phansi. Ngesikhathi, owesifazane angakhipha amaqanda asuka ku-500 kuya ku-15,000, inani lincike ohlotsheni lwezinhlanzi. UCaviar uhlala ezitshalweni zasemanzini, izimpande zezihlahla ezisogwini, inhlabathi, umquba ngokushesha. Abesilisa bayigada ngentshiseko imfantu. Izinga lokushisa elihle lokuvela kwamafry emhlabeni cishe ngama-degree angama-28 anophawu lokuhlanganisa.
Ubukhulu bamaqanda bungafika ku-4 mm, umbala wawo unombala ogqamile noma ophuzi ngokuluhlaza okotshani. Isikhathi sokufukamela singahlala ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya emavikini amabili, kuya ngohlobo nokushisa kwamanzi, umphumela wesenzo sonke ukuzalwa kwezibungu. Izinsuku ezimbalwa, izibungu zondla okuqukethwe kwesikhwama se-yolk esisele ngemuva kokuzalwa, bese ziqala ukuzibhukuda zodwa.
Ngisho ne-piranha gazinga inamandla kakhulu, ayaneliseki futhi ikhula ngokushesha. Abazali abakhathalelayo bayaqhubeka nokunakekelwa kuze kube yilapho gazinga liqala ukuzondla ngokwabo. Impilo yama-piranhas ahlala endle cishe iminyaka engamashumi amabili, ekuthunjweni imfishane kakhulu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Phakathi kwama-piranha, kwaqoshwa isibindi eside - i-pacu ebomvu, eyayihlala ekuthunjweni iminyaka engama-28.
Izitha zemvelo zama-piranhas
Isithombe: I-piranha yokudla
Akufanele umangale ukuthi izinhlanzi ezomele igazi njengama-piranhas zinezitha eziningi ezingasabi ukuzihlasela. Amahlengethwa omfula ayathanda ukuzitika ngawo, ngakho ama-piranha ahlangana emhlambini ukuze azivikele kuwo ngesikhathi esifanele. Izinhlanzi ze-Arapaima kanye ne-caiman nazo aziphikisi ekuzameni i-piranha. I-Arapaima ifinyelela ubukhulu obukhulu, izikali zayo zinamandla njengezikhali, ngakho-ke ayizesabi i-piranhas futhi ikulungele ukuzidla ngenjabulo, okubeka usongo olubonakalayo kulezi zinhlanzi. AmaCaymans nawo athanda ama-piranhas njengesitsha. Izazi zezilwane ziye zaqaphela nokuthi ngokuncipha kwenani lama-caimans, inani lama-piranhas liyakhuphuka futhi okuphambene nalokho.
Akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi ubuzimuzimu phakathi kwama-piranhas buyachuma, ngakho-ke bangabulalana kalula ngokwabo. Ama-piranha we-herbivorous kuphela izidalwa ezinokuthula, ngakho-ke noma yisiphi isilwane esidlayo, kufaka phakathi isihlobo saso, singabanjwa sidle. Ufudu lwamanzi olukhulu lungabuye luhlasele i-piranha.
Ngokumangazayo, i-piranha enonya futhi enobudlova uqobo ingathola ukwesaba okunzima, okuvame ukwenzeka kuye. Ngalesi sikhathi, uba ndikindiki, ukwazi kwakhe kubukeka kucishiwe, awele phansi abheke phansi, athuke. Kulokhu, umbala wenhlanzi uba mncane. Ngemuva kokuba inhlanzi isangulukile, iphinda futhi ihlasele ngentshiseko ukuze ivikele impilo yayo.
Umuntu angabalwa futhi phakathi kwezitha zepiranha. Ngaphezu kwecala lokufaka ushevu kulezi zinhlanzi, abantu bayazibamba. AmaNdiya adla ama-piranha ukudla, futhi abomdabu benza ngamazinyo abo abukhali okufana nemimese nesikele.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Izinhlanzi zasePiranha
Kuze kube manje, inani le-piranhas alisongelwanga, le nhlanzi inendawo ebanzi. Akunabufakazi bokuthi inani labantu be-piranha lehlile. Le nhlanzi izizwa ikhululekile emadanyini amanzi angenasawoti, lapho izala khona ngempumelelo. Ngokusobala, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-piranha iqine kakhulu futhi ayizithobeli ekudleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlanzi zibuthana ezikoleni ezinkulu ukuze zizivikele ezilwaneni eziyingozi.
Yiqiniso, abantu basebenzisa le nhlanzi ukudla, kepha lokhu akukuthinti nakancane ukwehla kwabantu. EBrazil, kwakukhona amacala lapho izinhlanzi eziningi kakhulu zazikhuliswa futhi bezama ukufaka ubuthi, kodwa lutho lutho ngalo, ubuthi abuzange busebenze kwi-piranha, lokhu kungubungqabavu obumangalisayo. Ama-caimans kuphela angathinta ngokungabaluleki inani lezinhlanzi, abazidla ngempumelelo.
Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni lapho eziningi zalezi zingwenya ezincane zifuywa khona, inani lama-piranhas lincishisiwe kancane. Futhi ama-piranhas aba kakhulu lapho lapho ama-caimans ethuthela kwenye indawo yokuhlala. Ngakho-ke, usongo lokuqothulwa alusongeli umndeni we-piranha, futhi kunabalandeli abaningi ngokwengeziwe balezi zinhlanzi ezingajwayelekile, ngakho-ke ama-piranhas aya ngokuya agcwalisa ama-aquariums asekhaya, lapho ezizwa emuhle khona.
Ekugcineni, kusala ukwengeza ukuthi akusethusi kangako uqobo piranhanjengamahemuhemu ngaye. Le nhlanzi iletha inzuzo enkulu emadamini, isuse izilwane ezibuthakathaka nezigulayo.Ngisho nama-piranhas yemifino alusizo kakhulu, ngoba futhi asula imifula emikhulu, adle uhlaza lwayo. Ingozi enkulu kubantu abavela ohlangothini lwabo ilandelwa kude futhi ayisekelwa yinoma yimaphi amaqiniso, ngakho-ke, cishe ayenzeki.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 03.05.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/13/2019 ngo-14: 52
