Sifunda njalo ukuthi iplanethi yethu ihlala ilahlekelwa inani elikhulu lezilwane nezitshalo ezinyamalele, noma ezisengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Ukuthi abanye babo babebukeka kanjani, manje sesingathola ezincwadini noma emnyuziyamu.
Ngokumelene nesizinda semicimbi enjalo edabukisayo, ngokungalindelekile futhi kulokhu kumnandi kabili ukufunda "ngovuko" lwesilwane, okwathi kusukela ngo-1990 kwathiwa asisekho. Isilwane esiqinisayo sibizwa ngokuthi inyamazane yaseVietnam noma inyamazane yegundane... Okomndeni wezinyamazane. Sizokwethula kulezi zidalwa ezimangalisayo futhi sikutshele ukuthi zihlala kuphi futhi kanjani.
Incazelo nezici
I-Fawn nge-oda lama-artiodactyls, futhi ithathwa njengezidalwa ezincane kakhulu zaleli oda. Lezi zinyamazane ezimangalisayo zingamasentimitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-40 ubude, zifinyelela kuma-40 kuye kuma-80 cm ubude, futhi zinesisindo esisuka ku-1.5 kg. Amalungu akhuluphele kakhulu omndeni afinyelela ku-12 kg.
Banekhanda elincane elinezindlebe eziqondile, ezibekwe kahle entanyeni, amehlo amakhulu amanzi, umsila wezinyamazane omncane, imilenze emincane ezacile, futhi ngasikhathi sinye umzimba oqine ngokwedlulele onomhlane ogobile, isifonyo esicijile esicijile, uboya obucwebezelayo obucwebezelayo bemibala ehlukahlukene nokungabikho ngokuphelele kwezimpondo ...
Kepha abesilisa banamazinyo angalingani emilonyeni yabo. Imvamisa kuphuma u-3 cm ezinsinini. Ijazi lazo linombala wokuzifihla - nsundu, nsundu, mpunga omnyama, onamabala amhlophe esiswini nasesifubeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhlale kunombala obomvu ozalwa yinyamazane ezinhlangothini.
Igundane lenyamazane likhula lifike ku-25 cm lapho libuna
Zinyathela izinzwane ezimbili ezimaphakathi nezinselo, kodwa futhi zinezinzwane ezimbili ezinhlangothini, ezinye izilwane ezisolisayo ezingasenazo. Ngale ndlela zifana nezingulube. Futhi ngezinyamazane zinesakhiwo esifanayo sezinsizakusebenza zamazinyo nohlelo lokugaya ukudla. Yize isisu sabo singakudala kakhulu, siqukethe izingxenye ezintathu, hhayi ama-4, njengama-artiodactyl amaningi.
Igundane lezinyamazane esithombeni isiphambano esimnandi phakathi kwenyamazane yegundane negundane elikhulu. Isibalo nomlomo wakhe akujwayelekile kakhulu ngemuva kwemilenze emide namehlo ezinyamazane adabukisayo.
Izinhlobo
Mayelana nezinyamazane singasho ngokuphepha ukuthi azifundiswanga kahle ngokwanele. Futhi konke ngenxa yamahloni abo amakhulu, ukwesaba nokungafuni ukubonwa. Igama labo lesiLatin elithi Tragulus (tragulus) kungenzeka ukuthi lavela egameni lesiGreki lasendulo elithi τράγος (imbuzi) ngokufakwa kwezilonda, okusho ukuthi "okuncane."
Mhlawumbe babizwa kanjalo hhayi nje ngenxa yezinselo zabo, kodwa futhi nangenxa yokuma okuvundlile kwabafundi babo, okubasiza ukuthi babone kangcono, kufaka phakathi nasebumnyameni. Kunemikhakha emithathu emndenini wezinyamazane: izinyamazane zase-Asia, izinyamazane zamanzi, nezinyamazane ze-sika.
Izinyamazane zase-Asia (kanchili, noma, njengoba basho ngaphambili, kantshily) faka izinhlobo ezi-6:
- Isi-Malay kanchil. Kusatshalaliswe e-Indochina, Burma, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Thailand, Laos naseVietnam. Kuyinto yezinhlobo eziqokiwe (ezimele isampuli ejwayelekile yeqembu lonke).
- Izinyamazane ezincane, noma I-kanchil encane yaseJavanese... Indawo ehlala kuyo iseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, kusuka ezifundeni eziseningizimu neChina kuya enhlonhlweni yaseMalay, kanye naseziqhingini zaseSumatra, eBorneo naseJava neziqhingi ezizungezile. I-artiodactyl encane kunazo zonke ehlala eMhlabeni. Ubude abudluli ku-45 cm, ukuphakama kufika ku-25 cm, isisindo esisuka ku-1.5 kuye ku-2.5 kg. Umsila ungaba ngu-5 cm ubude. Ubomvu bunombala onsundu, isisu, umphimbo nomhlathi ongezansi kumhlophe.
- Inyamazane enkulu, noma napo inyamazane, noma inyamazane enkulu yegundane... Edume kakhulu kuzo zonke izinyamazane. Inesisindo esingaba ngu-8 kg, kwesinye isikhathi sifinyelela isisindo esithe xaxa. Ubude bomzimba wayo bungu-75-80 cm, ubude bayo bungu-35-40 cm.Ihlala eThailand, e-Indochina, eNhlonhlweni yaseMalay naseziqhingini zaseSumatra naseBorneo.
- Igundane lendlu yasePhilippine izimpilo, njengoba kucacile, eziqhingini zasePhilippine. Ijazi lakhe limnyama kunezinye izinyamazane, cishe zimnyama. Elangeni licwazimula ngokubomvu ngokubomvu. Yize emini, isilwane cishe singenakubonwa. Konke ukubonwa kwenziwa ebusuku kusetshenziswa izithombe.
Izinhlobo ze-kanchil azinawo umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwazo.
- I-kanchil yaseVietnam, noma Igundane lendlu le-Vietnamese... Lesi silwane silingana nonogwaja, sinombala onsundu ngokunsomi ngombala osiliva. Ngakho-ke, futhi inegama i-chevrotein yesiliva... Ihlala emahlathini aminyene eTruong Son. Kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile eVietnam (uhlobo olutholakala kule ndawo kuphela). Kufakwe ohlwini lwezinhlobo ezingama-25 "ezifunwa kakhulu".
Nguye owaba nenhlanhla yokuthola kabusha ngoNovemba 2019 ososayensi bemvelo baseVietnam, futhi lokhu kwenzeka ngemuva kweminyaka engama-29 kungabikho zimpawu zokuba khona kwayo. Kwakunokwenzeka ukuyithwebula kuphela ngosizo lwezicupho ezizwela kakhulu zekhamera. Injabulo yososayensi yayingazi mingcele, ngoba bekukholelwa ukuthi lolu hlobo seluvele lwashabalala.
- Izinyamazane zegundane likaWillionon zitholakala eThailand kanti ngokwengxenye ziseChina. Ihluke kakhulu ezihlotsheni zayo, mhlawumbe ngombala omncane wamachashazi aphuzi nangaphezulu ngosayizi.
Amanzi kanchil (Wase-Afrika). Olunye uhlobo. Amasayizi angabizwa ngokuthi makhulu, asondele kumingcele we-canchili enkulu. Umbala onsundu ngokukhanyayo. Uhlala enkabeni ye-Afrika, eduze nemizimba yamanzi amasha. Ichitha isikhathi esiningi emanzini kangangoba kungabhekwa njengempi yasemanzini. Emanzini, iyondla futhi iphunyuke ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ibhukuda ngokuphelele.
I-kanchil enamabala (i-chevrotein enamabala noma i-chevron) - uhlala eNdiya naseCeylon. Ihlukaniswa ngombala ovame kakhulu kuzinyamazane - uboya obomvu nsundu obunamabala amaningi wokukhanya. Lolu hlobo lusondelene nezinyamazane zase-Afrika.
Phambilini bekubhekwa njenge-monotypic, manje singakhuluma ngezinhlobo ezintathu: Indiyangihlala eningizimu ye-Asia kakhulu, eNepal, i-kanchil enemigqa ephuziehlala emahlathini aswakeme eSri Lanka, futhi ISri Lankan kanchilitholakale ngo-2005 ezingxenyeni ezomile zaseSri Lanka.
UDorcas (uDorcatherium) Ingabe uhlobo oluphelile lwalezi zilwane ezincelisayo. Izinsalela zitholakale eYurophu naseMpumalanga Afrika, kanye naseHimalaya. Kusuka esiGrekini sasendulo, igama lalo lingahunyushwa ngokuthi inyamazane yenyamazane. Mhlawumbe ngenxa yombala wayo, okuthi, ngokusho kwedatha yomlando, ifane kakhulu nejazi loboya lalesi silwane esishiwoyo. Ijazi elikhanyayo elinsundu elinamabala amaningi amhlophe osayizi nokuhlelwa okuhlukahlukene.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Izinyamazane zavela emhlabeni cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-50 edlule, ekuqaleni kokwakhiwa kwamaqembu ama-ungulates asendulo. Kusukela lapho, azikaze ziguquke, futhi iningi lomndeni wabo lifana nokhokho babo abakude ngokubukeka nangendlela yokuphila.
Ukufingqa ngemuva kokuchaza lolu hlobo, singasho ukuthi lezi zilwane ezimangalisayo zihlala eningizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia kuphela, esiqhingini saseSri Lanka nasentshonalanga yengxenye emaphakathi yezwekazi lase-Afrika. Bahlala ezinzulwini zamahlathi aminyene. Bathanda imihlume, amahlathi amadala anezihlahla ezomile, aneziqhingi zamatshe.
Igundane lezinyamazane libhukuda kahle futhi liyakwazi ukugibela ezihlahleni
Bakhetha ukuhlala bodwa. Le ndlela yokuphila ye-hermitic mhlawumbe ichaza ukungajwayelekile kokubukeka kwabo phambi kwabantu. Banamahloni futhi banobuqili. Ukwazi ukuthi abakwazi ukumelana nokujaha isikhathi eside ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, bakhetha ukucasha ngokushesha. Futhi kulokhu sifeze ukuphelela. Izinyamazane zihlangana kakhulu nemvelo ezungezile kangangokuba kunzima ukuzibona, ingasaphathwa eyokuzikhipha.
Ngakho uhlala kanjani igundane lezinyamazane lapho lihlala khona futhi imiphi imikhuba anayo, kungenzeka ukuyithola ngobunzima obukhulu. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi abantu bendawo bathi ngomqambimanga onobuqili kunabo bonke: “Unobuqili njengokuthi kantshil". Ubonakala umzuzwana nje, futhi uyacasha ngokushesha. Lapho ebanjwa, uyaluma.
Emini bathola indawo yokukhosela emifantwini emincane yamatshe noma ngaphakathi kwezingodo eziyize ukuze balale futhi bathole amandla. Ngobusuku, zihamba ziyofuna ukudla, zishiya imikhondo otshanini obufana nemihubhe emincane. Usayizi wazo omncane ubasiza ukuba bahambe kahle phakathi kwamahlathi aminyene, hhayi ukubambeka enhlabathini eyixhaphozi naphansi kwehlathi elithambile.
AmaKanchil anamathele ngomhawu endaweni yawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesilisa banobunikazi bemizi enkulu - cishe amahektha ayi-12, nabesifazane - kuze kufike kumahektha angama-8.5. Abesilisa bamaka amasayithi abo ngemfihlo eningi. Kuyenzeka ukuthi bavikele indawo yabo. Ngemuva kwalokho ama-canine abukhali futhi amade eza kahle.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukuphuma uyozingela ebusuku, isilwane segundane lesilwane iningi lithembele emehlweni alo amakhulu nezindlebe ezibukhali. Ukudla kwabo nakho kwehlukile kwamanye ama-artiodactyls. Ngaphezu kokudla okuvamile kwezitshalo - amaqabunga, izithelo, amahlumela, badla ngenjabulo izimbungulu, izibungu, ezinye izinambuzane, kanye namasele kanye nesidumbu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kudliwa amakhowe, imbewu yezitshalo kanye namahlumela amancane. Singasho ukuthi badla konke okuza ngendlela yabo. Babamba izinhlanzi nezinkalankala zemifula ngokuzithandela emifudlaneni nasemifudlaneni emincane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangakwazi ukubhekana kalula ngisho namagundane ngenxa yamazinyo abo. Ukuzijabulisa kwesilwane kukwenza kube okuhlukile phakathi kwama-artiodactyls.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Amagundane enyamazane anesizungu aphula imvelo yawo kuphela ngenkathi yokuzalanisa. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho behlangana khona, belalela umuzwa wokuzala. Lezi zilwane zinomfazi oyedwa. Ngisho nokuhlukana nabashadikazi ekupheleni kwesizini yokukhwelana, baphinde bazame ukutholana lapho isikhathi sifika.
Ngokungafani nezihlobo ezingabonakali, igundane lezinyamazane lingadla izinambuzane, izibankwa, amasele ngisho nenhlanzi.
Bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi beneminyaka engama-5-7 yezinyanga. Umkhuba wabo uqala ngoJuni-Julayi. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha cishe izinyanga ezinhlanu. Imvamisa kunezingane eziyi-1-2 kudoti. Umama uyabashiya, eshiya eyofuna ukudla. Ngalesi sikhathi, ubaba wayesevele ewushiye ngokuphepha umndeni wakhe ukuze aqhubeke nokujabulela ukuba yedwa kuze kube yisikhathi esilandelayo.
Futhi engxenyeni yokuqala yehora, ingane izama ukuma emidlalweni yemilenze, futhi ngemuva kwamasonto amabili isivele izama ukudla kwabantu abadala. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, unina umfunza ngobisi. Isikhathi sokuphila, ngokusho kokunye ukulinganisela, sifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-14.
Izitha zemvelo
Lesi silwane sinezitha eziningi - amahlosi, izingwe, izinyoni ezidla inyama, kodwa izinja zasendle ziyingozi kakhulu kuzo. Ngephunga labo elihle, bangalandelela kalula lapho inyamazane yegundane ihambile. Futhi inyamazane ayikwazi ukugijima ngemilenze yayo emincanyana isikhathi eside.
Ngakho-ke, ngokuncanyana nje kwesitha esisondelayo, izilwane zicasha masinyane otshanini noma emanzini. Futhi isikhathi eside aziveli ngaphandle kwendawo yokukhosela. Ngokuqala kokusa, inyamazane ibuyela endaweni yayo yokukhosela ukucasha ne-perednevat.
Igundane lezinyamazane, isilwane esisengozini yokuqothulwa
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
- Lapho zifuna ukudla, amagundane ezinyamazane angakhwela esihlahleni, okuxakayo, kodwa izinselo zawo azibahluphi.
- Abaningi bacashile engozini emanzini. Zibhukuda kahle, zingahamba phansi, ngezikhathi ezithile zikhipha ikhala lazo elimnyama ngokuphefumula.
- Izinyamazane zegundane eNingizimu ye-Asia zivame ukuvezwa njengomgcini ohlakaniphile wemvelo. Usebenzisa ubuqili bakhe nemfihlo yakhe kulabo ababhubhisa imvelo ezungezile, ababhubhise izilwandle namahlathi. Mayelana nalokhu, kwezinye izindawo, ngokwesibonelo ePhilippines, igundane lezinyamazane lithathwa njengesilwane esingcwele.
- Enganekwaneni yase-Indonesia, inyamazane yegundane uSang Kanchil yayifuna ukuwela umfula, kodwa ingwenya enkulu yamphazamisa. UKanchil wabe esekhohlisa lesi silwane, wasitshela ukuthi inkosi ifuna ukubala zonke izingwenya. Benza ulayini bawela umfula, futhi isilwane esinesibindi sawela ngaphesheya kwamakhanda abo sangena engadini yezithelo.
- Futhi abasePhilippines banenkolelo yokuthi igundane lezinyamazane linobungane kakhulu ne-python. Uma isilwane sizingelwa ngumzingeli noma indoda enenja, i-boa enkulu izokhasa iklinye izitha zomngane wayo omncane. Mhlawumbe imfihlo kanye nolwazi olubi lwesilwane esincane siveza izinganekwane ezinjalo.
