Gagant Achatina - ummeleli omkhulu womndeni wakwa-Akhatin. Leminenke ingakhula ize ifike ku-25 cm ubude. Emazweni amaningi, athathwa njengezilokazane eziyingozi futhi ukungeniswa kwalezi zinkukhu e-United States, China nakwamanye amazwe amaningi akuvunyelwe nakancane. Ezweni lakithi, le minenke ayikwazi ukuhlala endaweni yayo yemvelo ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibanda kakhulu, ngakho-ke ivunyelwe ukugcinwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Le minenke iyatshalwa ukuze isetshenziselwe ukupheka kanye ne-cosmetology.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Giant Achatina
I-Achatina fulica noma i-Achatina giant ibizwa nangokuthiwa yi-Giant African snail gastropods engaphansi kwe-oda yeminenke yamaphaphu, i-suborder-eyed eye, umndeni wakwa-Achatina, i-giant giant Achatina. Iminenke izidalwa zasendulo kakhulu, ososayensi bafakazele ukuthi ama-gastropods ahlala emhlabeni wethu cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-99 edlule.
Ividiyo: Gagant Achatina
Okhokho beminenke yanamuhla babengama-ammonite asendulo, enye yama-mollusk asendulo ahlala emhlabeni kusukela ku-Devoni kuya enkathini ye-Cretaceous yenkathi yeMesozoic. Ama-molluscs asendulo ayehluke kakhulu kuneminenke yanamuhla ekubukekeni nasemikhubeni. Izinhlobo zeminenke emikhulu yase-Afrika zaqala zafundwa futhi zachazwa ngo-1821 ngudokotela wezilwane waseFrance u-André Etienne.
I-Achatina fulica ifaka okulandelayo:
- i-achatina fulica le nhlobo ifaka cishe yonke iminenke engahlali e-Afrika, futhi enombala ohlukile. Kulesi subspecies, igobolondo lincane kancane, futhi umlomo wegobolondo mfushane kuneminenke ehlala e-Afrika;
- i-achatina fulica castanea, lezi zinhlamvana zachazwa ngo-1822 nguLemark. Ama-subspecies ahlukile kwabanye ngombala wegobolondo. Ukuphenduka kokugcina kwegobolondo kuminenke yalolu hlobo kufakwe umbala ngaphezulu kusuka kumbala we-chestnut, kusuka ngezansi kombala kubomvu kansundu ngokubomvu;
- I-achatina fulica coloba Pilsbry yachazwa ngo-1904 ngu-JC Bequaert, lezi zinhlayiya zahluka kuphela ngosayizi wabantu abadala futhi zachazwa eminenibeni eminingana, okungenzeka ukuthi yahlukaniswa ngephutha futhi usosayensi wachaza nje isigebenga esijwayelekile i-Achatina, esingakhuli size silingane ngenxa yokungathandeki izimo;
- u-achatina fulica hamillei Petit wachazwa ngo-1859. Lolu uhlobo oluhlukile lwase-Afrika, imibala yalezi zinkinobho ifana naleyo yeminenke ejwayelekile;
- I-achatina fulica rodatzi yachazwa ngo-1852 njengezinsizakalo ezihlukile eziqhingini zaseZanzibar. Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo lweminenke umbala wegobolondo. Igobolondo limhlophe, limbozwe ungqimba oluncane, oluphuzi olune-horny. Okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi, lezi zinsikazi nazo zahlukaniswa ngephutha, ngoba ama-Achatine amaningi ahlala endaweni efudumele, eyomile anombala ofanayo;
- I-achatina fulica sinistrosa akuyona i-subspecies, kepha izinguquko ezijwayelekile ezingavamile. Kule minenke, amagobolondo asontekile abheke kolunye uhlangothi. Amagobolondo ale minenke aziswa kakhulu ngabaqoqi. Kodwa-ke, iminenke enjalo ayikwazi ukuzala inzalo, ngoba isitho sangasese salolu hlobo lweminenke sitholakala ohlangothini olungafanele, oluvimbela ukukhwelana.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani umdondoshiya u-Achatina
Iminenke emikhulu yase-Afrika ingenye yama-molluscs amakhulu kunawo wonke ahlala emhlabeni wethu. Igobolondo lomnenke omdala lifinyelela ku-25 cm ubude. Umzimba womnenke ungaba ngamasentimitha ayi-17 ubude. Umnenke omkhulu wase-Afrika ungaba nesisindo esifinyelela kwengxenye yekhilogremu.
Umzimba wonke womnenke umbozwe imibimbi emihle, esiza umnenke ukuthi ugcine umswakama futhi welule ngokuqinile. Ngaphambi komzimba kunekhanda elikhulu impela elinezimpondo ezimbili ezincane lapho amehlo omnenke atholakala khona. Amehlo ala ma-mollusk aboni kahle. Bangakwazi ukuhlukanisa ukukhanya abacasha kukho, becabanga ukuthi yilanga elishisayo, futhi bangabona izithombe zezinto ebangeni elingaba isentimitha elilodwa ukusuka emehlweni abo. Umnenke unolimi emlonyeni walo olunameva. Umnenke ubamba kalula ukudla ngolimi olunolaka. Amazinyo omnenke akhiwe nge-chitin, maningi cishe angama-25 000. Ngalawo mazinyo, umnenke ugaya ukudla okuqinile njengama-grater. Kodwa-ke, amazinyo awabukhali, futhi iminenke ayikwazi ukuluma umuntu.
Umlenze womnenke unamandla amakhulu futhi uqine. Ngosizo lomlenze wayo, umnenke uhamba kalula ezindaweni eziqondile nezime mpo, futhi ungalala ngisho ubheke phansi. Ukunyakaza okungenabuhlungu ebusweni, izindlala zangaphakathi zomnenke zikhiqiza amafinyila akhethekile, afihlwa ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, futhi umnenke ugibela phezu kwalesi sikhwehlela, njengokungathi. Ngenxa yesicubu, umnenke ungakwazi ukunamathela ngokuqinile ebusweni. Isakhiwo sangaphakathi somnenke silula futhi siqukethe inhliziyo, amaphaphu nenso elilodwa. Ukuphefumula kwenzeka ngamaphaphu nasesikhunjeni.
Inhliziyo yomnenke iphampa igazi elicwengekileyo, elihlale linomoya-mpilo uma uphefumula. Izitho zangaphakathi zomnenke zitholakala esikhwameni sangaphakathi futhi zivalwa ngegobolondo eliqinile. Umbala we-giant Achatina ungahluka kancane kuye ngobufakazi obukusimo sezulu nokuthi kudlani. Endle, iminenke emikhulu ihlala ngokwesilinganiso cishe iminyaka eyishumi, kepha-ke, ekhaya, le minenke ingaphila isikhathi eside.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayoIminenke yalolu hlobo inamandla okuzivuselela. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle nenala yokudla okuhle okunomsoco, umnenke uyakwazi ukwakha igobolondo elibhoboziwe, izimpondo eziphukile noma ezinye izitho zomzimba.
Uhlala kuphi giant Achatina?
Isithombe: Isidlakela sase-Afrika u-Achatina
Iminenke emikhulu yase-Afrika ekuqaleni yayihlala engxenyeni esempumalanga ye-Afrika, ababizwa ngegama layo. Kodwa-ke, uhlobo lwe-Achatina fulica luthathwa njengezinhlobo ezihlasela ngolaka futhi lusakazeka ngokushesha futhi luthathe izindawo eziningi. Okwamanje, ukuma kwaleminenke kukhulu kakhulu. Zitholakala e-Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Tahiti, eCaribbean ngisho naseCalifornia.
Umnenke uhlanganisa kalula ama-biotypes amasha futhi uvumelane kahle nezimo ezintsha zemvelo. Uhlala ikakhulu emazweni anezimo ezifudumele, ezishisayo. Emazweni amaningi, njenge-USA, iChina namanye amaningi, ukungeniswa kwalolu hlobo lweminenke akuvunyelwe ngoba iminenke iyizinambuzane eziyingozi kwezolimo futhi iphethe izifo eziyingozi.
Ngokwemvelo, iminenke ihlala ezihlahleni zotshani, ngaphansi kwezihlahla, eduze kwezimpande zezihlahla. Ngesikhathi sasemini, ama-mollusks acasha elangeni ngaphansi kwamahlamvu, phakathi kotshani namatshe. Zisebenza kakhulu ngesikhathi semvula nasebusuku obupholile, lapho kuvela amazolo otshanini; ngalesi sikhathi, iminenke iyakhasa iphuma ezindlini zazo futhi ikhasa ngokuthula ifuna ukudla. Ekushiseni, bangawela kwizithombe ezimisiwe. Kuyasebenza emazingeni okushisa kusuka ku-7 kuye kuma-25 degrees. Uma izinga lokushisa lehla ngaphansi kwama-degree ama-5-7, iminenke igxuma ingene enhlabathini bese ilala ubusika bonke.
Manje uyazi lapho kutholakala khona isigebenga Achatina. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani lo mnenke.
Yini udla isiqhwaga Achatina?
Isithombe: Umnenke omkhulu i-Achatina
Ukudla komnenke wase-Afrika kufaka:
- izithelo nemifino esevuthiwe futhi ebolile;
- amagxolo ezihlahla;
- izingxenye ezibolile zezitshalo;
- umoba;
- amakhambi ahlukahlukene;
- amahlamvu ka ulethisi;
- iklabishi amahlamvu;
- izithelo namaqabunga amagilebhisi;
- izithelo ezintsha (umango, uphayinaphu, ibhece, i-cherry, isitrobheli, ikhabe, amapentshisi, ubhanana, ibhilikosi);
- imifino (i-broccoli, i-zucchini, ithanga, ama-radishes, ukhukhamba).
Endle, iminenke ayikhethi maqondana nokudla futhi idla konke okusendleleni yazo. Iminenke ilimaza ngokukhethekile ukutshalwa komoba, ilimaza izingadi nezingadi zemifino. Uma iminenke ingakutholi ukudla, noma ingathandi izimo zemvelo, ilala ubusuku bonke ukuze iphile. Kwesinye isikhathi, ezimeni lapho kunesidingo esibi kakhulu, umnenke ungangeniswa ngokukhethekile ebusika ngokushintsha izinga lokushisa ku-terrarium ngokuwehlisela kuma-degree angama-5-7, noma ngokumisa nje ukondla isilwane.
Kuyiqiniso, ngesikhathi sokulala, umnenke usebenzisa amandla amaningi futhi kungenzeka ukuthi awuvuki ebuthongweni obude obude, ngakho-ke kungcono ukungavumeli isilwane silale isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili. Ekuthunjweni, iminenke yase-Afrika iphakelwa imifino nezithelo zonyaka. Kwesinye isikhathi i-Achatina inikezwa i-oatmeal, amantongomane omhlabathi, ushoki, i-shell rock parashok namagobolondo amaqanda omhlabathi, amantongomane.
Futhi kubekwa isitsha sokuphuza ngamanzi. Iminenke esanda kuchanyuselwa emaqandeni idla amagobolondo amaqanda ezinsukwini ezimbili zokuqala, namaqanda angachamiswanga. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, banganikezwa ukudla okufanayo neminenke yabantu abadala kuphela ngendlela eqoshiwe (kungcono ukugaya imifino nezithelo). Amahlamvu ka ulethisi neklabishi akumele adwengulwe, izingane kulula ukuzisingatha zodwa. Iminenke emincane idinga ukondliwa njalo ngomthombo othile we-calcium ukuze igobolondo likhule kahle.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-Giant Achatina iyakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokunambitheka futhi ibe nokuthandwa okuthile kokunambitheka. Uma itotoswa, umnenke ungaqala ukwenqaba okunye ukudla, ufune ukumnika lokho akuthandayo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Giant Achatina
Iminenke yase-Afrika ihlala isikhathi eside, futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle ingachitha cishe impilo yayo yonke endaweni eyodwa. Le minenke ihlala ikakhulu iyodwa, izizwa kabi phakathi kwenani elikhulu lezihlobo, iba nengcindezi esixukwini. Uma iminenke ingenayo indawo eyanele yokuhlala kahle, ama-mollusk angathuthela kwenye indawo ngamandla.
Ukufuduka okunjalo kutholakala ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zokwanda kwabantu ngokushesha. Le minenke iyasebenza ekuseni nakusihlwa, lapho kusabanda futhi kunamazolo otshanini. Futhi iminenke iyasebenza ngesikhathi semvula. Ngesikhathi sokushisa kosuku, iminenke ithatha ikhefu elangeni ngemuva kwamatshe namaqabunga ezihlahla. Iminenke yabantu abadala kwesinye isikhathi ingazihlelela izindawo ezikhethekile zokuphumula, futhi izame ukungakhasi kude nalezi zindawo. Amajita ajwayele ukungaboshelwa ezindaweni zokuphumula futhi angahamba amabanga amade. Iminenke izidalwa ezihamba kancane, zikhasa ngejubane elingu-1-2 m / min.
Ebusika, iminenke ivame ukulala ubusuku bonke. Ebona ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa, umnenke uqala ukuzimbela umgodi emhlabathini. I-burrow ingaba cishe ngo-30-50 cm ukujula. Umnenke ugibela emgodini wayo wasebusika, ungcwaba umnyango womgodi. Uvala ukungena kwegobolondo ngefilimu enamathelayo equkethe amafinyila bese elala. I-Achatina ivela ebusika ngenxa yentwasahlobo. Ekuthunjweni, i-Achatina nayo ingalalisa ubusika ngenxa yezimo ezingezinhle, ukugula noma ukucindezeleka. Ungavusa umnenke ngokumane uwubeke ngaphansi komfudlana wamanzi afudumele.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izinkumba zinhle kakhulu ekutholeni futhi zingathola ngokunembile indawo yazo yokuphumula noma umhosha.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Iminenke eyi-Giant Achatina
Achatina abanesizungu baqiniseka. Iminenke ichitha impilo yayo yonke iyodwa, kwesinye isikhathi iminenke ingahlala ngababili. Imindeni ayakhiwa; ama-mollusks awanaso isakhiwo senhlalo. Kwesinye isikhathi iminenke ingahlala ngababili. Uma engekho umlingani, u-Achatina njenge-hermaphrodites bayakwazi ukuzimela. Njengoba wonke ama-Achatina angama-hermaphrodites, abantu abakhulu basebenza njengabesifazane, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukubeka amaqanda nokwenza imvuthu kuthatha amandla amaningi, futhi abantu ababuthakathaka abakwazi ukubhekana nalokhu kuthunywa. Uma abantu abakhulu behlangana, ukukhulelwa kabili kungenzeka. Iminenke ifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi inezinyanga eziyisithupha kuya ezinyangeni eziyi-14.
Ukukhwelana ngeminenke emikhulu yase-Afrika ngokulandelayo: umnenke okulungele ukuzala ukukhasa okuyindilinga, uphakamise kancane ingxenye engaphambili yomzimba phambili. Umnenke ukhasa kancane, kwesinye isikhathi ume kancane, lapho uhlangana nomnenke ofanayo, baqala ukukhasa beyindilinga, bazwisane futhi baxhumane. Lo mngane uhlala amahora ambalwa. Ngemuva kokuthi iminenke inamathele ngokuqinile komunye nomunye. Ukubhanqa okukodwa kwanele umnenke ngama-clutch amaningi. Cishe iminyaka emibili, umnenke uzosebenzisa isidoda esitholiwe ukuvundisa amaqanda amasha.
Iminenke emikhulu yase-Afrika ivundile ngokwedlulele ngasikhathi sinye, umnenke ubeka amaqanda angama-200 kuye kwangama-300. Umnenke wakha ukwakhiwa komhlaba. Wimba umgodi cishe osentimitha engama-30 ukujula, ngegobolondo lakhe wakha izindonga zalowo mgodi, azithikameze ukuze umhlaba ungabhidliki. Umnenke ube usubeka amaqanda. Ukwakhiwa kwamatshe kuthatha isikhathi eside impela futhi kuthatha umzamo omkhulu. Eminye iminenke, ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda, ingaba nomzimba omncane kangangokuthi ifa ingashiyanga imigodi yayo.
Ngokuvuthwa okuhle, insikazi iyawushiya umgodi, ivale umnyango wayo. Umnenke awusabuyeli enzalweni yawo, ngoba iminenke emincane, njengoba ichanyuselwe eqandeni, iyakwazi ukuphila ngokuzimela. Amaqanda ama-Achatina amakhulu acishe afane namaqanda enkukhu, anomzimba ofanayo nombala, amancane kakhulu cishe ngo-6 mm ubude, embozwe ngegobolondo eliqinile.
Iqanda liqukethe umbungu, amaprotheni negobolondo. Isikhathi sokufukamela amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu. Lapho umnenke uchanyuselwa eqandeni, udla iqanda lawo, ulimbele emhlabathini bese ukhasa uphume. Phakathi neminyaka yokuqala, iminenke ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Ekupheleni konyaka wesibili wokuphila, ukukhula kweminenke kwehla kakhulu, kepha abantu abadala bayaqhubeka nokukhula.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Uma iminenke emincane iphazamisekile noma isatshiswa okuthile, iqala ukukhala kakhulu futhi ikhase iziyingi. Abantu abadala bathulile futhi abaziphathi ngale ndlela.
Izitha zemvelo zama-Achatina amakhulu
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani umdondoshiya u-Achatina
Ama-Giant Achatinas ayizidalwa ezinhle ezingakwazi ukuzivikela ezinezitha ezimbalwa.
Izitha zemvelo zama-Achatina amakhulu yilezi:
- izinyoni ezizingelayo;
- izibankwa nezinye izilwane ezihuquzelayo;
- izilwane ezincelisayo;
- iminenke emikhulu yokudla.
Izilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye zithanda ukuzitika ngalezi zinhlwathi endaweni yazo yemvelo, kepha, kwamanye amazwe lapho lezi zinkumba zangeniswa khona, izitha zemvelo azitholakalanga futhi leminenke, yanda ngokushesha, yaba yinhlekelele yangempela kwezolimo.
Izifo eziyinhloko ezisongela lezi zidalwa ikakhulu ziyisikhunta kanye nesimuncagazi. Iminenke yase-Afrika igwinywa yizinhlobo eziningi zezikelemu. Amagciwane avame kakhulu yi-trematode ne-nematode worm. Izikelemu zihlala egobolondweni nasemzimbeni womnenke. Lo "makhelwane" unomphumela omubi kakhulu kumnenke, uyeka ukudla bese uba yisicefe. Futhi umnenke ungathelela abantu nezilwane nge-helminths.
Imvamisa isikhunta sikhula egobolondweni lomnenke, siyingozi kakhulu esilwaneni, kepha kulula ukuselapha, kwanele ukuhlanza i-terrarium ngokugeza inhlabathi kusixazululo se-potassium permanganate nokugeza umnenke ekungenisweni kwe-chamomile. I-Giant Achatina ithwala izifo ezifana ne-meningitis, eyingozi kubantu nakwabanye.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Giant Achatina
Iminenke emikhulu yase-Afrika yizinhlobo eziningi kakhulu. Isimo sezinhlobo ze-Achatina fulica yizinhlobo ezingakhathazwa kangako. Abantu balezi zinhlobo abasongelwa lutho. Endle, ama-mollusks azizwa emuhle, anda ngokushesha, futhi azivumelanisa kalula nezimo ezingezinhle zemvelo.
Lezi zinhlobo ziyahlasela ngolaka; lezi zinhlobo zisakazeka ngenxa yomsebenzi wabantu, zisheshe zifake ama-biotypes amasha futhi ziyinambuzane eyingozi kwezolimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iminenke ingabathwali bezifo eziningi eziyingozi njenge-meningitis nezinye. Ngakho-ke, emazweni amaningi anesimo sezulu esifudumele, ukusebenza ngokuhlukaniswa kwabantu kuyasebenza futhi ukungeniswa kweminenke akuvunyelwe. Akuvunyelwe ukungenisa iminenke kulawa mazwe noma ngabe ziyizilwane ezifuywayo, futhi uma kuthuthwa emngceleni nalawa mazwe, izinsizakalo zemingcele zibhubhisa iminenke, futhi abaphula umthetho bazojeziswa - inhlawulo noma ukuboshwa iminyaka engafika kwemihlanu, kuya ngezwe.
ERussia, iminenke emikhulu yase-Afrika ayikwazi ukuhlala endle, ngakho-ke lapha kuvunyelwe ukuba ne-Achatina njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Kodwa-ke, kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi le minenke iphindaphindeka ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi ilawula inani leminenke. Leminenke iyizilwane ezifuywayo ezinhle kakhulu.Ngisho nengane izokwazi ukubanakekela, ama-mollusk abona inkosi yawo futhi imphathe kahle kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuzala kwabo, iminenke isatshalaliswa phakathi kwabafuyi ikakhulukazi mahhala, noma ngentengo engokomfanekiso.
Sengiphetha, ngithanda ukusho lokho isiqhwaga Achatina ngaphezu kokulimaza ezolimo, futhi kuletha izinzuzo ezinkulu, ngokuba uhlobo lokuhleleka kwezindawo ezishisayo. Iminenke idla izithelo ezibolayo, izitshalo notshani, yonke into lapho amagciwane abangela izifo anganda khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iminenke ikhiqiza into ekhethekile ebizwa nge-collagen, abantu abayisebenzisa emikhiqizweni yezimonyo. Kwamanye amazwe le minenke iyadliwa futhi ithathwa njengesibiliboco.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 05.12.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 07.09.2019 ngo-19: 57
