Ingoma emnyama petrel (Pterodroma phaeopygia) noma isiphepho saseGalapagos.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zengoma emnyama yengoma.
Ingoma emnyama i-petrel iyinyoni enobukhulu obuphakathi namaphiko amade. I-Wingspan: 91. Umzimba ongenhla umnyama ngokumpunga, ibunzi kanye nengxenye engezansi kumhlophe. Izinto ezingaphansi zigqanyisiwe ngomngcele omnyama. Imilenze ebomvana enezingqimba ezimnyama. Ibhili elimnyama lifushane futhi ligobile kancane, njengawo wonke ama-petrels. Amakhala we-tubular axhuma esihlokweni. Umsila umise okwekhanda futhi umhlophe.
Indawo yokuhlala yengoma emnyama yengoma.
Izidleke zezingoma zomculo omnyama ezindaweni eziphakeme ezinomswakama endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-300 kuya kwayi-900, emigodini noma emigodini yemvelo, emithambekeni, emigodini, emigodini ye-lava nasezihosheni, imvamisa kusondele kakhulu emahlathini esitshalo se-myconium.
Yizwa izwi lomculi wengoma omnyama.
Izwi le-Pterodroma phaeopygia.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwengoma yengoma emnyama.
Ngaphambi kokuzalela, izingoma zamantombazane ezingoma ezimnyama zilungiselela ukufukamela okude. Zishiya ikoloni bese zidla amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuba zibuyele ezindaweni zazo zokwakha izidleke. ESan Cristobal, izidleke zitholakala kakhulu ngasemhosheni, ezindaweni zokukhula okuhlanganayo kwezitshalo ze-subfamily melastoma yohlobo lweMyconia. Ngesikhathi sokuzalisa, esiqala kusukela ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kuya maphakathi no-May, abesifazane bazalela amaqanda amabili kuya kwamane. Ukuphakama kuzala ngo-Agasti. Izinyoni zakha ngazimbili zidleke endaweni eyodwa njalo ngonyaka. Ngesikhathi sokufukamela, owesilisa ungene esikhundleni sowesifazane ukuze akwazi ukuncela. Izinyoni ziyashintshana ngokufukamela amaqanda kuze kuvele amaphuphu ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-54 kuya kwezingama-58. Zimbozwe ngokumpunga okukhanyayo phansi emhlane nokumhlophe esifubeni nasesiswini. Owesilisa nowesifazane bondla inzalo, baphakele ukudla, bekuphinde bakwenze kusuka ku-goiter yabo.
Ukondla umculi wengoma emnyama.
Ama-petrels wezingoma zabantu abadala adla olwandle ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa. Emini, zizingela ama-squid, ama-crustaceans, izinhlanzi. Babamba izinhlanzi ezindizayo ezivela ngaphezu kwamanzi, i-tuna enemigqa kanye ne-mullet ebomvu.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwengoma yengoma emnyama.
Ingoma yengoma emnyama igcwele eziQhingini zaseGalapagos. Lezi zinhlobo zisatshalaliswa empumalanga nasenyakatho yeziqhingi zaseGalapagos, entshonalanga ye-Central America nasenyakatho yeNingizimu Melika.
Isimo sokulondolozwa kwengoma yengoma emnyama.
Ingoma yengoma emnyama isengozini enkulu. Lezi zinhlobo zibhalwe ohlwini lwe-IUCN Red List. Okufakiwe Kusivumelwano Sezinhlobo Zokufuduka (I-Bonn Convention, isijobelelo I). Lolu hlobo lubhalwe nase-US Red Book. Ngemuva kokwanda kwamakati, izinja, izingulube, amagundane ansundu, okwethulwe eGalapagos Islands, inani lezingoma zomculo omnyama lehla ngokushesha, nokuncipha kwenani labantu ngamaphesenti angama-80. Izinsongo ezinkulu zihambisana namagundane adla amaqanda, namakati, izinja, izingulube, ezibhubhisa izinyoni ezindala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaBuzzard aseGalapagos abulala abantu abadala kanzima.
Izinsongo kumculi wengoma emnyama.
Ama-petrels ezingoma ezimnyama ahlushwa yimiphumela yezilwane ezidliwayo ezandisiwe nokwandiswa kwezolimo ezindaweni zazo zokwakha izidleke, okuholele ekwehleni okukhulu kakhulu kwamanani eminyakeni engama-60 edlule (izizukulwane ezintathu) okuqhubeka kuze kube namuhla.
Ukudliwa kwamagundane kuyimbangela enkulu yokuphazamiseka kokuzala (ama-72%) endaweni yaseSan Cristobal. Ama-buzzard aseGalapagos nezikhova ezinamaqabunga amafushane zidla izinyoni ezindala. Izidleke zibhujiswa izimbuzi, izimbongolo, izinkomo kanye namahhashi lapho kudla khona, kanti futhi lokhu kuyingozi enkulu ebukhoneni bezinhlobo. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ngenhloso yezolimo kanye nokudla emadlelweni kwemfuyo kukhawulele kakhulu izindawo zokwakha izidleke zezingoma ezimnyama esiqhingini saseSanta Cruz, eFloreana, eSan Cristobal.
Izitshalo ezihlaselayo (amajikijolo amnyama) ezikhula kuyo yonke indawo zivimbela ama-petrels ukuba angazaleli kulezi zindawo.
Ukufa okuphezulu kuyabonakala phakathi kwezinyoni ezindala lapho zishayisa uthango oluhlabayo ezweni lezolimo, kanye nasezintambo zikagesi, emibhoshongweni yomsakazo. Ukwethulwa kwephrojekthi yamandla omoya yaseSanta Cruz kubeka engcupheni ezindaweni eziningi zokwakha izidleke esiqhingini, kodwa uhlelo lokwakhiwa olwamukelwe kuhloswe ngalo ukunciphisa umthelela kulezi zinhlobo. Ukwakhiwa okwengeziwe kwamabhilidi nezinye izakhiwo ezinkangala eziqhingini kusongela amakoloni okuzalela. Ukudoba eMpumalanga Pacific kuyisongo futhi kuthinta ukondliwa kwezinyoni eGalapagos Marine Sanctuary. Ama-petrels ezingoma ze-Dusky angaba sengozini yezinguquko zesimo sezulu ezithinta ukutholakala kokudla nokuchichima.
Ukuqapha umculi wengoma emnyama.
Iziqhingi zaseGalapagos ziyigugu likazwelonke kanye neWorld Heritage Site, ngakho-ke izinhlelo zokulondolozwa kwezimoto zikhona kulesi sifunda ukuvikela izinyoni nezilwane ezingandile.
Izenzo zokuvimbela ukuzalana kwamagundane abulala amaqanda ezinyoni zibucayi.
Ngokwezibalo zokuqala, inqwaba yama-petrels emhlabeni wonke ilinganiselwa ku-10,000-19,999, enezidleke ezisebenzayo ezingaba ngu-4 500-5,000. Ukuze kulondolozwe lezi zinhlobo ezingavamile, ukulwa nezilwane ezidla ezinye kwenziwa emakoloni amaningana eziqhingini. Njengamanje, izimbuzi zisuswe ngempumelelo eSantiago, edle uhlaza. Eziqhingini zaseGalapagos, kulandelwa ngokucophelela imithetho efanelekile yokongiwa nokuvikelwa kwezimila nezilwane eziyingqayizivele zalesi siqhingi. Kuhlelwe futhi ukuvikela izindawo ezibalulekile zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle eGalapagos Marine Sanctuary ngokuguqula ukuklanywa kwasolwandle okukhona ukunciphisa umthelela wezokudoba. Uhlelo lokuqapha lwesikhathi eside nalo luyingxenye esemqoka yemisebenzi yephrojekthi yezokuphepha nemisebenzi eqhubekayo.
Isilinganiso sokongiwa kwengoma yengoma emnyama.
Ukonga i-petrel yengoma emnyama, kuyadingeka ukuthi kubhekwe impumelelo yokuzalaniswa kwezilwane ezidla ezinye ukuze kutholakale isu lokusebenza lokwenza izinto ezingafuneki. Ngaphezu kokunciphisa inani lamagundane eziqhingini zaseSan Cristobal, eSanta Cruz, eFloreana, eSantiago, kuyadingeka ukuthi kususwe izitshalo ezihlaselayo ezinjengamajikijolo kanye negwava, bese kutshalwa i-myconia. Qhubeka nokusesha izindawo zokwakha i-petrel ezindaweni zezolimo ezingavikelekile.
Yenza ukubalwa okuphelele kwezinhlobo ezingavamile. Qinisekisa ukuthi izitshalo zamandla ezisebenzisa amandla omoya zitholakala ukuze zingaphazamisi izidleke noma i-myconia. Futhi beka izintambo zikagesi kude nezindawo zokwakha izidleke ukuvimbela ukushayisana kwendiza, njengoba izinyoni zibuyela emakoloni azo ngemuva kokudla ebusuku. Yenza umsebenzi ochazayo phakathi kwabantu bendawo mayelana nesidingo sokulondoloza indawo yokuhlala.
