Ingwe yeBali Ingabe esinye sezidliwayo ezinhle kakhulu futhi ezinomusa zomndeni we-feline. Bathola igama labo ngenxa yendawo yabo yokuhlala - babehlala kuphela esiqhingini saseBali. Isici esihlukile ngosayizi wayo omncane. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamahlosi ezake zaba khona emhlabeni, zazincane kakhulu.
Kanye neSumatran neJavanese, babengabamele izinhlobo zamahlosi zase-Indonesia. Ngeshwa, namuhla ingwe yaseBalinese, kanye namaJava, sekuqothulwe ngokuphelele, kanti ihlosi laseSumatran lisengcupheni yokuqothulwa ngokuphelele. Ingwe yokugcina yaseBalinese yabhujiswa ngo-1937 ngabazingeli abangekho emthethweni.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Bali Tiger
Ingwe ye-Bali yayingummeleli wezilwane ezincelisayo ze-chordate, ezazi-oda lezilwane ezidlayo, umndeni we-feline, wabelwa uhlobo lwe-panther nezinhlobo ze-tiger. Kunemibono eminingana mayelana nemvelaphi yalo mmeleli womndeni we-feline. Eyokuqala yalezi ithi ama-subspecies aseJavan naseBalinese ayeyizinhlobo ezifanayo futhi ayenokhokho oyedwa.
Ngenxa yesikhathi sokugcina seqhwa, lolu hlobo lwahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili ngamaqhwa amakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, inani labantu lahlala esiqhingini saseBali kwathi kamuva labizwa ngeBalinese, kwathi elesibili lahlala esiqhingini saseJava labizwa ngeJavanese.
Ividiyo: IBali Tiger
Umbono wesibili ngukuthi ukhokho wasendulo wengwe yaseBalinese wabhukuda wawela lo mkhawulo wazihlalela esiqhingini saseBali. Sekuyizinkulungwane eziningi zeminyaka isiqhingi saseBali sithatha indawo enkulu kakhulu. Wayenazo zonke izimo zokuphila nokuzalanisa izilwane ezimweni zemvelo.
Insimu yalesi siqhingi yayigcwele amahlathi ahlabayo futhi asezindaweni ezishisayo, yayinezindawo eziningi zezigodi zemifula nezindishi zamanzi. Kule ndawo, amahlosi aseBalinese ayengabanikazi ngokugcwele. Babengenazo izitha phakathi kwabamele umhlaba wezilwane futhi banikezwa inamba enkulu yemithombo yokudla.
Okhokho balo mmeleli womndeni we-feline babebakhulu kakhulu ngosayizi nesisindo somzimba. Abaphenyi bezilwane bathi eminyakeni engaba ngu-12 000 edlule, izinga lamanzi olwandle lakhuphuka kakhulu futhi lahlukanisa izwe nezwekazi lesiqhingi.
Isilwane, esibizwa ngeBalinese, sasikhona ngaphakathi kwesiqhingi saze sanyamalala ngokuphelele. Umcwaningi waseJalimane u-Ernst Schwartz wayebambe iqhaza ekutadisheni isimilo, indlela yokuphila kanye nedatha yangaphandle ngo-1912. Incazelo yemininingwane ekhulunywayo yahlanganiswa kusukela kwizikhumba zezilwane nasezingxenyeni zamathambo ezigcinwe eminyuziyamu.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Bali Tiger
Ubude bomzimba wesilwane babusukela kowodwa nohhafu kuya kumamitha amabili nohhafu kwabesilisa nokusuka kwimitha elilodwa kuya kwamabili kwabesifazane. Isisindo somzimba sesilwane sifinyelela kuma-100 kilograms kwabesilisa kuze kufike kwabangu-80 kwabesifazane. Ukuphakama kubuna amasentimitha angama-70-90. Laba bameleli bomndeni wezilwane eziyizisulu babonisa ukufiphala kocansi.
Isici esivelele sale subspecies uboya. Imfishane futhi inombala osawolintshi obonakalayo. Imivimbo emnyama eguqukayo. Inani lazo lingaphansi kakhulu kunelamanye amahlosi. Izindawo eziyindilinga zobumnyama, cishe umbala omnyama zitholakala phakathi kwemivimbo eguqukayo. Isifunda sentamo, isifuba, isisu kanye nengaphakathi langaphakathi lezitho likhanya, licishe libe mhlophe.
Umsila wezilwane wawude, ufinyelela cishe kumitha ubude. Yayinombala okhanyayo nemivimbo emnyama eguqukayo. Ithiphu ibilokhu ibhulashi elimnyama. Umzimba wesilwane esidla izisulu u-taut, uguquguquka ngemisipha ethuthuke kakhulu futhi enamandla. Ingxenye engaphambili yomzimba inkudlwana kunengemuva. Izitho zifushane kodwa zinamandla futhi ziqinile. Imilenze yangemuva inezinzwane ezine, ngaphambili izinzwane ezinhlanu. Uzipho oluhlehlisekayo lwalukhona ezingalweni.
Inhloko yesilwane iyindilinga, incane ngosayizi. Izindlebe zincane, ziyindilinga, zitholakala ezinhlangothini. Ingaphakathi lezindlebe lihlala likhanya. Amehlo ayindilinga, amnyama, mancane. Ezinhlangothini zombili zobuso kukhona ijazi elikhanyayo elanikeza umbono wokushiswa oseceleni. Endaweni yesihlathi kunemigqa eminingana yama-vibrissae amade, amhlophe.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Imihlathi yomzingeli kwakufanele inakwe ngokukhethekile. Babemelwe inani elikhulu lamazinyo abukhali. Amazinyo abhekwa njengamade kakhulu. Ubude babo bufinyelela ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayisikhombisa. Zenzelwe ukwehlukanisa ukudla kwenyama kube yizingxenye.
Ihlala kuphi ihlosi laseBalinese?
Isithombe: Bali Tiger
Lo mmeli womndeni we-feline wayehlala e-Indonesia kuphela, esiqhingini saseBali, azikho ezinye izifunda ezitholakele. Izilwane zazikhetha amahlathi njengendawo yokuhlala, zazizwa zikhulu ezigodini zamachibi ahlukahlukene. Okufuneka kuqala ukuba khona kwesiziba lapho bethanda ukubhukuda baphuze khona kakhulu ngemuva kokudla.
Amahlosi aseBalinese kungenzeka ukuthi ayekhona nasezintabeni. Abahlali bendawo baphawula amacala lapho behlangana nomzingeli endaweni ephakeme cishe eyinkulungwane nengxenye yemitha.
Indawo yokuhlala eyinhloko:
- amahlathi asezintabeni;
- amahlathi aqothulayo;
- amahlathi ahlala eluhlaza okotshani asezindaweni ezishisayo;
- eduze nogu lwemizimba yamanzi enobukhulu obuhlukahlukene;
- emihlangeni;
- emithambekeni yezintaba.
Kubantu bendawo, ihlosi leBailey laliyisilwane esingaqondakali, esasinikwa amandla akhethekile, amandla, namakhono omlingo. Kule ndawo, izilwane ezidla ezinye zazingaba khona eduze nezindawo zabantu futhi zivame ukuzingela imfuyo. Kodwa-ke, abantu babewesaba amakati adlayo futhi bawaqede kuphela lapho enza umonakalo omkhulu ekhaya.
Kwakungavamile ukuba izilwane zihlasele abantu. Kodwa-ke, ngo-1911, umzingeli u-Oscar Voynich wafika e-Indonesia. Yena, kanye namanye amalungu eqembu lakhe, babulala umhlaseli okokuqala. Ngemuva kwalokho, kwaqala ukushushiswa okukhulu nokubulawa kwesilo. Njengoba ukuphela kwendawo lapho kwakuhlala khona ihlosi laseBalinese kwakuyisiqhingi saseBali, akuzange kuthathe isikhathi eside ukuthi abantu basibhubhise ngokuphelele lesi silwane.
Idlani ingwe yaseBalinese?
Isithombe: Bali Tiger
Ingwe yaseBalinese iyisilwane esidla ezinye. Umthombo wokudla bekungukudla kwenyama. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, ubungcweti nobuhle bayo, omele umndeni we-feline wayengenabo abancintisanayo futhi wayengummeleli wesigaba esiphakeme kakhulu sohlu lokudla. Amahlosi ayengabazingeli abanekhono futhi abakhaliphile. Ngenxa yombala wabo, bahlala bengabonwa ngesikhathi sokuzingela.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Amadevu amade asetshenziswa njengendawo yokukhomba esikhaleni. Esikhathini esiningi, bakhetha ukuzingela inyamazane yabo ezindleleni eziseduze nemithombo yamanzi, lapho izidla-zidla khona zifika khona endaweni yokuchelela.
Ingwe yakhetha indawo elunge kakhulu nenenzuzo kakhulu yokuqamekela futhi yalinda. Lapho isisulu sisondela kude, umhlaseli onesijeziso esibukhali, esisheshayo uhlasela isisulu, kwesinye isikhathi esasingenaso nesikhathi sokuqonda okwenzekile. Endabeni yokuzingelwa ngempumelelo, ihlosi lavele lamgwaza umphimbo wesisulu, noma laphula amathambo omlomo wesibeletho. Wayengadla inyamazane khona lapho, noma ayihudulele endaweni yokukhosela esemazinyweni akhe. Uma umhlaseli ehluleka ukubamba inyamazane, wayijaha isikhashana, yase ihamba.
Umuntu omdala oyedwa udle ama-5-7 kilograms enyama ngosuku. Kwezinye izimo, babengadla kuze kufike kumakhilogremu angama-20. Izilwane zazizingela ikakhulu kusihlwa. Bazingela ngamunye ngamunye, hhayi kangako njengengxenye yeqembu. Umuntu ngamunye wayenendawo yakhe yokuzingela. Kwabesilisa, kwakungamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-100, kwabesifazane - uhhafu ngaphansi.
Kwakuyinto engavamile ukuthi izilwane ziphile ngokuhlala phansi. Kusuka emavikini ambalwa kuye enyangeni eyodwa nohhafu kuya ezinyangeni ezimbili, babehlala endaweni eyodwa, bese bethuthela kwenye. Umuntu ngamunye omdala umake indawo yakhe ngomchamo ngephunga elithile. Indawo yabesilisa ingadlula indawo yokuzingela yabesifazane.
Okusebenze njengomthombo wokudla kwamahlosi:
- izingungumbane;
- izinyamazane;
- izingulube zasendle;
- izinyamazane ze-roe;
- izingulube zasendle;
- ezihuquzelayo;
- izinyoni ezinkulu;
- inkawu;
- inhlanzi;
- izinkalankala;
- amagundane amancane;
- imfuyo.
Amahlosi awazange azingele ngaphandle kokuthi alambile. Uma ukuzingela kuphumelele, futhi inyamazane ibinkulu, izilwane bezizikhuza futhi zingayi kozingela izinsuku eziyi-10-20 ezilandelayo, noma nangaphezulu.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Bali Tiger
Kwakuyinto ejwayelekile ukuthi izilwane ezidla ezinye ziphila impilo eyodwa, yokuzula. Umuntu ngamunye omdala uhlala endaweni ethile, ebimakwe ngosizo lomchamo, obunephunga elithile. Imvamisa, indawo yokuhlala kanye nendawo yokudla yabantu abahlukahlukene ayizange ihlangane, futhi uma kwenzeka, abesilisa abakhombisanga ubudlova kwabesifazane kuphela. Ngaphandle kwalokho, bangangena ezimpini futhi bahlele izimpi zelungelo lokuthola insimu. Izilwane zazihlala endaweni efanayo amasonto ambalwa, zabe sezifuna indawo entsha ezokondla nokuhlala kuyo.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Abadli bezilwane babekhuthele kakhulu lapho kuqala ukuhwalala, ebusuku. Bahamba ngokuzingela ngamunye ngamunye, ngesikhathi somshado babezingela ngababili. Ukuzingela ngamaqembu nakho kungenzeka lapho insikazi ifundisa amawundlu ayo akhulayo ukuzingela.
Amahlosi aseBalinese ayengabathandi bangempela bezinqubo zamanzi. Bakujabulele ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi emizimbeni yamanzi, ikakhulukazi lapho kushisa khona. Lezi zidlakela zazibonakala ngokuhlanzeka. Banikele isikhathi esiningi esimweni nasekubonakaleni koboya babo, bayihlanza futhi bayikhotha isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuzingela nokudla.
Ngokuvamile, isilwane asikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi sinolaka. Ngaso sonke isikhathi sokuphila kwayo esiqhingini saseBali, ihlosi alikaze lihlasele umuntu, yize liseduze kakhulu. Ingwe yaseBali yathathwa njengombhukudi oncomekayo, inamehlo abukhali kakhulu nokuzwa okuhle, futhi ngobunyoninco futhi ikhuphuka ngokushesha ezihlahleni eziphakeme ezahlukahlukene. Ngisebenzise ukudlidliza njengendawo yokubhekisela esikhaleni.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Bali Tiger
Isikhathi somshado nokuzalwa kwenzalo akuzange kubekelwe isikhathi sokuqondana nanoma iyiphi inkathi noma isikhathi sonyaka. Esikhathini esiningi, amawundlu azalwa kusukela ekwindla ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Ngemuva kokudalwa kwamabili ngesikhathi sobudlelwano bokukhwelana, ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kwaqala, okwathatha izinsuku eziyi-100 - 105. Ikakhulukazi ama-kittens angu-2-3 azalwa.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Umbhangqwana owakhiwe uhlale ulungisa indawo yokuzalwa kwezinsana. Esikhathini esiningi ibisendaweni ecashile, engabonakali lapho uqala ukuyibona - emifantwini yamatshe, emigedeni ejulile, enqwabeni yemithi ewile, njll.
Isisindo sekati elilodwa sasingu-800 - 1500 amagremu. Bazalwa bengaboni, bengezwa kahle. Uboya bezinsana ezazisanda kuzalwa babufana kakhulu nokubhobhoza. Kodwa-ke, izingane zathola amandla ngokushesha futhi zakhula. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-12, amehlo abo avuleka, ukuzwa kwathuthuka kancane kancane. Umama wayenakekela amawundlu akhe ngokucophelela nangokukhathazeka okukhulu, engozini nje encane wabahudulela endaweni yokukhosela ethembekile futhi evikelekile. Amantshontsho adla ubisi lukamama aze afike ezinyangeni eziyi-7-8.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Lapho befika enyangeni, bashiya indawo yabo yokuhlala baqala ukuhlola indawo eseduze. Kusukela ezinyangeni ezi-4-5, owesifazane kancane kancane waqala ukujwayela ukudla kwenyama, wabafundisa amakhono namasu okuzingela.
Isikhathi sokuphila somuntu oyedwa ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo sisukela eminyakeni eyi-8 kuye kweyi-11. Ikati ngalinye elisanda kuzalwa lalinakekelwa futhi livikelwe ngumama kuze kube yiminyaka emibili. Lapho amantshontsho eneminyaka emibili, awazange ahlukane, aqala ukuphila impilo ezimele. Ngamunye wabo wayefuna indawo yokuzingela nokuzimela.
Izitha zemvelo zamahlosi aseBalinese
Isithombe: Bali Tiger
Lapho behlala ezimweni zemvelo, lezi zidlakela zomndeni we-feline zazingenazo izitha phakathi kwabamele umhlaba wezilwane. Isitha esikhulu futhi esiyinhloko, imisebenzi yayo eyaholela ekunyamalaleni okuphelele kwama-tiger subspecies, kwakungumuntu.
Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, abaseYurophu bavela e-Indonesia, phakathi kwabo kwakukhona u-Oscar Voynich. Kwakunguye nethimba lakhe abadubula ingwe yokuqala yaseBalinese ngo-1911. Ngemuva kwalokho, waze wabhala incwadi ngalo mcimbi, owashicilelwa ngo-1913. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, intshisekelo yezemidlalo kanye nesifiso sokubulala kwaholela ekubhujisweni okuphelele kwama-subspecies eminyakeni engama-25 kuphela.
Abahlali bendawo, abaseYurophu, abomdabu babhubhisa izilwane ngokungalawuleki ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene: benza izingibe, izicupho, bazidubula, njll. Ngemuva kokubhujiswa okuphelele kwezilwane, ngo-1937 abantu baqala ngenkani ukucekela phansi konke okukhumbuza ubukhona besilo: imibukiso yemnyuziyamu, imilando, izikhumba zezilwane nezinsalela zamathambo aso.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Abanye abazingeli baphawule ukuthi bakwazi ukubulala izilwane eziyi-10-13 isizini eyodwa noma ezimbili.
Kuze kube manje, konke okusele kwesidlakela esihle, esinomusa isithombe esisodwa lapho isilwane sibanjwa sifile futhi samiswa yizidladla zaso ezigxotsheni zokhuni, kanye nezikhumba ezimbili nogebhezi abathathu eBritish Museum. Ngaphezu komuntu, umhlaseli wayengenazo ezinye izitha.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Bali Tiger
Namuhla, ihlosi laseBalinese liyisilwane esidla izinyamazane esiqothulwe ngokuphelele ngabantu. Izazi zeZoologists zithi ingwe yokuqala yabulawa ngo-1911, kwathi eyokugcina yabulawa ngo-1937. Kuyaziwa ukuthi umuntu wokugcina wabulawa ngowesifazane. Kusukela kulo mzuzu kuqhubeke, lezi zinhlobo zithathwa njengeziqothulwe ngokusemthethweni.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Abanye ososayensi bathi emahlathini aminyene angenakunqobeka, abantu abaningana bangaphila kuze kube maphakathi neminyaka yama-50. Lokhu kusolwa ngobufakazi bezakhamizi zakulesi siqhingi. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe II, akekho omunye owakwazi ukuhlangana nengwe yaseBalinese.
Izizathu eziyinhloko zokuqothulwa kwalezi zinhlobo ukubhujiswa kwendawo yazo yemvelo, kanye nokubhujiswa konya, okunonya nokungalawulwa ngabazingeli abangekho emthethweni. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuzingela nokuqothula inani nezindleko eziphakeme zoboya besilwane esingavamile. Iziphathimandla zase-Indonesia zakunqamula ukuzingelwa kwezilwane sekwephuze kakhulu - ngo-1970 kuphela. Ingwe ibibhalwe kuRare Animals Protection Act, esayinwe ngo-1972.
Abantu bendawo babenobudlelwano obukhethekile nebanga lokudubula laseBalinese. Wayeyiqhawe lezinganekwane nama-epics, izikhumbuzo, izitsha, nezinye izinto ezenziwe ngezandla zabahlali bendawo ezenziwe ngomfanekiso wakhe. Kodwa-ke, kwakukhona nabaphikisana nokubuyiselwa kwabantu, ababehlukaniswa yisimo sobutha. Kwakungenxa yokufayilwa kwabantu abanjalo lapho yonke imikhondo nezinkomba kumzingeli zabhujiswa.
Ingwe yeBali kwaba yisimo somusa, ubuhle bemvelo namandla. Wayengumzingeli onekhono futhi emelela kakhulu, omele umhlaba wezilwane. Ngeshwa, iphutha lomuntu ngeke liphinde likuvumele ukuthi umbone bukhoma.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 28.03.2019
Idethi yokubuyekeza: 19.09.2019 ngo-9: 03
