Nyathi - omele ukuthula, ongenabungozi emndenini wezinyosi. Yisinambuzane esikhulu impela esinombala omuhle kakhulu, ongakhohlakali. Isilwane sathola igama laso elingavamile ngesizathu. Sivela egameni elidala lesiRussia "chmel", ebelisho ukuthi "hum, wheeze." Yile ndlela imisindo eyenziwe izinambuzane engabonakala ngayo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Bumblebee
Lesi silwane sisezinambuzane ze-arthropod, emndenini wezinyosi zangempela, kuhlobo lwegama elifanayo - ama-bumblebees. NgesiLatin, igama lohlobo luzwakala njenge "Bombus". Kubhalwe ohlwini lwesinambuzane esinamaphiko. Ama-bumblebees ayizinhlobo eziningi zezinambuzane. Kuze kube manje, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu zezinyosi eziyizinyosi eziyaziwayo, ezingaphansi kwama-subspecies angamashumi amahlanu.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo, ezaziwa kakhulu zimbili:
- Ibhombu lapidarius;
- Ibhomu terrestris.
Izinyosi ezinkulu zikhulu ngosayizi, ngokungafani namalungu amaningi emindeni yazo. Unombala ophuzi nomnyama. Lesi sinambuzane singadideka kuphela nezinye kusuka kude. Isici sama-bumblebees amandla abo anamandla. Zenzelwe izinhloso zokuthula kuphela. Ukuzivikela, izilwane njengezinye izinyosi zisebenzisa udosi.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Udosi lwenyosi alubuhlungu kangako kunolunyosi lwezinyosi noma udosi lomnyovu. Lesi sinambuzane sinokuthula, akuvamile silume ngaphandle kwesizathu. Isilwane sisebenzisa umhlathi, umhlathi onamandla kuphela lapho kunengozi yangempela empilweni yaso.
Lesi sinambuzane sithathwa njengegazi elifudumele. Ngokunyakaza okukhulu, umzimba wenyosi enkulu ukhiqiza ukushisa. Ukushisa komzimba wabo kungafinyelela kuma-degree angamashumi amane. Bonke abamele uhlobo lwe-bumblebee banomzimba we-pubescent. Lokhu kubenza bakwazi ukuzivumelanisa kalula nezimo zezulu ezinzima kakhulu. Ama-bumblebees ayizinambuzane eziwusizo, eziguquguqukayo. Benza impova inqwaba yezimbali, zisuke ngokushesha zisuka kwenye indawo ziye kwenye.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Isilwane se-bumblebee
Abamele lolu hlobo baphakathi kwezinye izinambuzane ezingazweli emakhazeni. Babekezelela kalula amakhaza amancane. Lokhu kwenziwa kwenzeke ngokuba khona kwenganono efudumele nemisipha yesifuba eqinile. Isinambuzane singakhuphula izinga lokushisa lomzimba waso ngokuxhuma ngokushesha imisipha yaso. Izinyosi zezinyosi ziqala ukundiza ziyolanda umpe. Benza lokhu ekuseni ngovivi, lapho umoya ungakabi nesikhathi sokufudumeza ukushisa okunethezekile komndeni wonke wezinyosi.
Ama-bumblebees izinambuzane ezinkulu. Ubude bomzimba wabo bungafinyelela kumamilimitha angamashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili. Abesifazane bangaziqhayisa ngobukhulu obunjalo. Abesilisa bakhula bafike kumamilimitha angamashumi amabili nane. Futhi izinhlobo ezithile kuphela ezikwazi ukufinyelela ubude bamamilimitha angamashumi amathathu nanhlanu. Isibonelo, inyoni inyosi inyoka inyoka inyoka inyuka inyoni inyoni inyathi Isisindo sesifazane singu-0.85 g wesilisa - kufika ku-0.6 g.
Ividiyo: Inyathi
Ezimweni eziningi, lesi sinambuzane sinombala ophuzi omnyama onemigqa. Kodwa-ke, emvelweni kunezinhlobo zezinyosi ezinkulu ezinemivimbo esawolintshi ngisho ebomvu, kanti abanye abameleli badwetshwe ngokuphelele. Kukholelwa ukuthi ukuhlukahluka kombala kuhlotshaniswa nezici ezimbili: isidingo sokufihla, i-thermoregulation.
Ukuma kwekhanda kwabesifazane kukhulisiwe kancane, kwabesilisa - cishe kuyindilinga. Isisu sezinambuzane asigobile. Ingaphezulu langaphandle le-tibia yangemuva lenzelwe ngokukhethekile ukuqoqwa kwempova okulula - libushelelezi, liyacwebezela, futhi linokuma "kwebhasikidi". Udosi lwesilwane alunakunqampulwa, lungalusebenzisa kaningi ngaphandle kokuzilimaza. Lapho udosi lungena esikhunjeni, izinyosi ezinkulu zikhipha inani elincane lobuthi.
Uhlala ngaphi ubhoklolo?
Isithombe: Isinambuzane seBumblebee
Izinyosi zezinyosi ziphakathi kwezinambuzane ezisakazeke kakhulu. Bahlala kuwo wonke amazwekazi. Okuwukuphela kokuhlukile yi-Antarctica. Kodwa-ke, abantu ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene abafani. Ngakho-ke, eNyakatho Nenkabazwe, inani elikhulu lezinyosi zingatholakala ezindaweni ezipholile. Izinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela ezitholakala ngale kwe-Arctic Circle. Izinyosi ezinkulu ezisenyakatho nezisezindaweni eziphakeme zihlala eChukotka, eGreenland, e-Alaska. Ukuphila kwabo bakhetha izintaba, izintaba eziphakemeyo, bahlala eduze nomngcele wezinguzunga zeqhwa.
Izinyosi ezinkulu zivame kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo. Lokhu kungenxa yezici ze-thermoregulation yomzimba wesilwane. Zivele zingakhululeki emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Izinyosi ziyathanda izimo zezulu ezipholile. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela e-Amazon; izinhlobo eziningi zingabonakala e-Asia eshisayo. Lezi zinambuzane zihlala kakhulu eNingizimu Melika, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezishisayo. Futhi, lezi zilwane zihlala e-Afrika, eRussia, ePoland, eBelarus, e-Ukraine nakwamanye amazwe amaningi.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Ama-bumblebees akuzona izinambuzane ezinolaka. Ngalesi sizathu, zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezindlini zasendlini nasehlobo zokuvotela impova yezitshalo ezahlukahlukene zezolimo. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ukhulise kakhulu izinga lesivuno.
Ama-bumblebees engadini athunyelwa ngokukhethekile e-Australia. Lapho, zisetshenziselwa ukwenza impova nge-clover, zihlala esifundeni saseTasmania kuphela. Izinhlobo eziningana zalezi zinambuzane zihlala eNew Zealand.
Ngabe inyosi enkulu idlani?
Isithombe: Bumblebee
Lezi zilwane yizihlobo eziseduze zezinyosi zezinyosi. Kepha naphezu kwalokhu, ukudla kwabo kuhluke kakhulu. Iminyovu inohlu olubanzi "lokudla" okufanele ukusetshenziswa. Badla umuthi womuthi, umpe wembali, ushukela, ujusi wezithelo, futhi bangadla ujamu noju oluhlanjululwe emanzini. Lokhu kudla akulungele ama-bumblebees.
Abamele lolu hlobo lohlobo badla kuphela umpe nempova. Baziqoqa ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezitshalo. Uhlu lwezitshalo lukhulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke ama-bumblebee abizwa ngokuthi ama-pollinator. Ziletha izinzuzo ezinkulu emisebenzini yezolimo yabantu, zikhula ngokushesha isivuno.
Izinyosi ezindala ezindala nazo zinomsebenzi wokondla izibungu zazo. Ukuze benze lokhu, baletha umpe omusha esidlekeni. Kwesinye isikhathi, esikhundleni sompe, izibungu zinikezwa uju lwazo. Izinyosi zezinyosi nazo zenza uju, kodwa luhluke kakhulu enyosini ejwayelekile. Uju lwezinyosi lucekeceke kakhulu, lunokukhanya okungaguquguquki, umbala okhanyayo. Ayinambitheki kangako futhi ayikhiphi iphunga. Uju olunjalo lugcinwa kabi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngaphambi kokuntwela kokusa, inyoni eyodwa enkulu evelayo ihlala ivela esidlekeni sezinyosi esiqala ukubhonga kakhulu. Ekuqaleni, ososayensi babekholelwa ukuthi ngale ndlela ukhuthaza bonke abanye abantu ukuthi baqale ukusebenza. Kodwa-ke, kwavela ukuthi inyosi enkulu yayivele iqhaqhazele emakhazeni futhi izama ukufudumala, ngoba ekuseni kakhulu izinga lokushisa lomoya liphansi impela.
Ama-bumblebees wokuvota impova akhetha ukukhetha ikakhulukazi izimbali ezikhanyayo. Izikhathi ezingavamile kuphela lapho izilwane zingadla khona umuthi womuthi. Ngesikhathi sokudla kwazo, lezi zilwane zithwala imbewu, okufaka isandla ekwandeni kwesivuno. Ukudla okuthandwa kakhulu yilesi sinambuzane yi-clover.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-bumblebee phezu kwembali
Inyosi enkulu iyisinambuzane somphakathi. Baphila impilo yabo nemindeni yabo. Umndeni ngamunye uqukethe izindlovukazi ezinkulu, abesilisa nezinyosi ezinkulu ezisebenzayo. Imindeni ihlala ezidlekeni ezinkulu impela. Lezi zilwane zakha izinhlobo ezintathu zezidleke:
- Ngaphansi komhlaba. Lolu hlobo lokuhlala luthandwa ngabamele abaningi bohlobo. I-Nest ihlala phansi emigodini elahliwe yamagundane amancane, aphakathi nendawo. Iphunga lezilwane ezinjalo likhanga kakhulu kuma-bumblebees abesifazane. Ukuvikela isidleke esingaphansi komhlaba, lesi sinambuzane sisebenzisa izinto ezisele egundweni: utshani obomile, uboya;
- Emhlabathini. Izidleke ezinjalo zihlala otshanini obukhulu, izidleke zezinyoni ezishiyiwe, kumaqhuqhuva e-moss;
- Ngenhla komhlaba. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinyosi zihlala emigodini yezihlahla, ezakhiweni ezahlukahlukene ngisho nasezindlini zezinyoni.
Umndeni wezinyosi awuningi. Ngokuvamile, inani lalo liyikhulu kuphela labantu. Bahlala ndawonye unyaka owodwa kuphela. Ngemuva kwalokho, ezinye zezinsikazi zisungula imindeni emisha, enye ingxenye iye ebusika. Indlela yokuphila yezinyosi ezicebile icebile impela. Ilungu ngalinye lomndeni linemisebenzi yalo. Abantu abadala abasebenzayo benza wonke umsebenzi ongcolile. Zondla izibungu, zithole ukudla, zigade ikhaya. Isizalo sisebenza ekubekeni amaqanda, abesilisa - ekukhulelweni kwabesifazane. Lapho sebephothule umsebenzi omkhulu, abesilisa abahlali ezidlekeni.
Umlingiswa wezinyosi ezinkulu uzolile, hhayi ulaka. Ngokungafani namalungu amaningi emindeni yawo, lezi zinambuzane azilokothi zihlasele abantu ngaphandle kwesizathu. Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi lapho inyosi inyosi inyuka khona. Kodwa-ke, kumuntu, lokhu kuzocishe kungabi buhlungu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Isilwane se-bumblebee
Isakhiwo senhlalo yezinyosi ezinkulu sifana nesakhiwo senhlalo sabaningi abamele izinyosi zangempela. Kulezi zilwane, isibeletho yiso esiyinhloko. Nguye owakha umndeni, ezigabeni zokuqala enza umsebenzi wokwakha izindlu, abekela amaqanda. Lokhu kulandelwa abesilisa nabasebenza ngezinyosi ezinkulu, okuthe ngemuva kwalokho bahlanganyela ekondleni inzalo, befuna ukudla.
Inyamazane yenyoni yenyoka inyanyiswa entwasahlobo. Masinyane ngemuva kokukhulelwa, uqala ukondla kanzima amasonto ambalwa. Lokhu kuyadingeka ekutholeni inzalo enempilo. Ngokulandelayo, insikazi iqala ukufuna indawo efanelekayo yokubekela amaqanda. Ngalesi sikhathi, amaqanda asezikhaleni zesifazane aqala ukuvuthwa. Ngemuva kokuthola indawo, owesifazane uyaqhubeka nokwakha izidleke, umsebenzi wokwakha.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Akuzona zonke izinhlobo zezinyosi ezikhathazayo ngokwakha isidleke. Amanye amalungu ohlobo ahola impilo yokuphila okuyisidlakudla kuphela. Bafaka inzalo yabo esidlekeni seminye imindeni.
Insikazi izalela cishe amaqanda ayishumi nesithupha ngasikhathi sinye. Zonke zihlangene, zifinyelela kumamilimitha amane ubude. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyisithupha, izibungu ziyavela emaqandeni. Isibungu pupate ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingamashumi amabili. Umfece uvuthwa cishe ezinsukwini eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili. Lokho, ngokwesilinganiso, abadala bavela ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingamashumi amathathu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Uma isibeletho sifa ngokuzumayo, umndeni we-bumblebee awuqedi. Izinyosi ezindizayo ezisebenzayo ziqala ukwenza imisebenzi yazo. Futhi ziyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda.
Izitha zemvelo zebumblebees
Isithombe: Bumblebee endizeni
Izinyosi ezindizayo ziyashesha, zishesha, azinabungozi. Kodwa-ke, banezitha zemvelo ezanele. Isitha esibaluleke kunazo zonke sezinyosi eziyizinyosi intuthwane. Lesi silwane esincane silimaza kakhulu lesi sinambuzane: siba uju lwaso, amaqanda, izibungu. Zonke izinhlobo ezikhetha ukwakha izidleke phansi zihlushwa izintuthwane. Ngalesi sizathu, izinhlobo eziningi ziyakwenqaba ukuhlala okunjalo, zikhetha ukuhlala ngaphezu komhlaba noma ngaphansi komhlaba, lapho kunzima khona ukungena ezintuthwaneni.
Eminye iminyovu nayo ibhekwa njengezitha zenyoni enkulu. Ngakho-ke, ezinye zazo ziletha ukuphazamiseka okuncane, ukweba uju olusanda kulungiswa, ezinye - zibulala inzalo. Iminyovu yamaphepha yenza ukweba uju, kanti iminyovu yaseJalimane ingadla izigaxa.
Ingozi kunoma iyiphi inyosi enkulu inyoni ithwalwa yizimpukane ezi-canopid. Bahlasela isinambuzane emoyeni. Impukane enjalo ingajaha isisulu sayo amahora amaningi. Lapho usufinyelele umgomo wawo, le mpukane ibeka iqanda ngqo kule nyoni. Kamuva, isibungu sichamusela eqandeni. Uqala ukudla umninikhaya, okuholela ekufeni kwakhe kancane kancane.
Izinyoni nezilwane ezidla ezinye ziletha ingozi enkulu kubantu bumblebee. Phakathi kwezinyoni, umuntu odla izinyosi zegolide uthathwa njengesitha esikhulu. Ngobuciko uthatha amakhulu ezinambuzane, ubhubhisa inani elikhulu lezinyosi ezinkulu ngonyaka. Izinja, ama-hedgehogs, izimpungushe aziphikisi ukudla lezi zinambuzane. Zihlasela izidleke.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Isinambuzane seBumblebee
Inyoni enkulu inyosi iyimbola ebaluleke kunazo zonke. Kuletha izinzuzo ezinkulu emisebenzini yezolimo yabantu futhi, ngokuvamile, kuyo yonke imvelo, impova yehlathi, izitshalo ezitshaliwe, eziseduzane. Zihlukahlukene, "zisebenza" ngokushesha okukhulu kunezinyosi. Ukubamba kwabo iqhaza kubaluleke kakhulu ekusabalaliseni imidumba, i-alfalfa, ne-clover. Singasho ngokuphepha ukuthi lezi zitshalo zikhula ngobuningi obunjalo kuphela ngenxa yezinyosi ezinkulu. Isibonelo, ama-bumblebees alethwe e-Australia ngenhloso yokuzalanisa nokupholisa impova ye-clover.
Izinhlobo zezinyosi ezinkulu kakhulu. Namuhla nje kukodwa, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu. Lezi zilwane zihlala ngobuningi cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi omhlaba. Okuhlukile yi-Antarctica. Izinyosi ezindizayo zizala ngokushesha ngokwanele, zizifihle ngobuciko, futhi kwesinye isikhathi zizalwa ngabantu ngezinjongo zezolimo. Ngalezi zizathu, inani lalezi zilwane lizinzile.
Ngokuvamile, inani lezinyosi ezinkulu namuhla alikho engozini. Izinhlobo zinikezwe isimo sokukhathazeka okungenani. Kodwa-ke, kungaphawulwa ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukulinganisa inani lalezi zinambuzane ngokunemba okuphezulu ngezizathu ezizwakalayo. Zincane kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi zihlala ezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo. Akunakwenzeka ngokomzimba ukuthola inani eliqondile lalezi zilwane.
Ukuvikelwa kwe-bumblebee
Isithombe: Incwadi Ebomvu Yezinyosi
Ngaphandle kwenani elanele lezinyosi ezinkulu, abanye abamele lolu hlobo bahlukaniswa njengezinambuzane ezinyamalala kancane kancane. Izinhlobo ezithile zezinyosi ezinkulu ziyafa kancane kancane, ngakho-ke zafakwa kwiRed Data Books yamazwe nakwamanye amadolobha. Kunzima ukusho izizathu ezithile zokuqothulwa kwalezi zilwane.
Kodwa-ke, lezi zinto ezilandelayo zibathinta kabi abantu bezinyosi: ukwehla okuphawulekayo kwesimo semvelo ezifundeni, umthelela osebenzayo ezinambuzaneni zezitha zemvelo, ukonakala kwezidleke kwabantu, kanye nokuntuleka kokudla.
I-bumblebee yase-Armenia iyinhlobo engavamile. Kubhalwe eNcwadini Ebomvu yase-Ukraine, eRussia. Lesi silwane senza impova yezitshalo zeCompositae, imidumba. Ikhetha ukuhlala emahlathini asemahlathini, emaqeleni asezintabeni, emaphethelweni amahlathi, lapho kukhula khona amaphayini. Futhi, inyosi enkulu evamile ibhalwe ku-Red Book yaseRussia. Ngamanani amancane, usahlala kwezinye izifunda zengxenye yaseYurophu yaseRussia.
Ngaphandle kokuthi ezinye izinhlobo zezinyosi zibhalwe kuRed Data Books. Azisekho izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokubavikela. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinyosi ezinkulu, futhi, ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo luphephile. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kugcinwe izinsalela zezinhlobo ezingandile, kuyadingeka ngandlela thile ukukhawulela ukwenziwa kwemisebenzi yezomnotho ezindaweni zabo, ukuvimbela ukwenziwa kwemililo, kanye nokunciphisa amadlelo.
Nyathi - isinambuzane esinemibala egqamile, ewusizo kakhulu. I-pollinator yendawo yonke, ayilimazi abantu, ayikhombisi ulaka. Izinyosi ezindizayo zisakazeke cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba. Babekezelela kalula isimo sezulu esipholile, bagweme izindawo ezishisayo ngenxa yesici sokushisa komzimba wabo. Lolu uhlobo oluhlukile lomndeni wezinyosi, ofanelwe ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela nangokucophelela kubantu, ngoba ezinye izinhlobo zezinyosi sezivele zifakiwe kuRed Data Books zamazwe ngamanye.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 17.04.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 19.09.2019 ngo-21: 38
