Ingwe enamafu umhlaseli omuhle ovela emndenini ofanayo namakati. Yakha uhlobo olulodwa, olufaka izinhlobo zegama elifanayo, iNeofelis nebulosa. Umzingeli, empeleni, akayona ingwe, yize inalelo gama ngenxa yokufana kwayo nesihlobo esikude.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Clouded Leopard
Isazi semvelo saseBrithani u-Edwart Griffith wachaza okokuqala ngalesi sifo ngo-1821, wasinika igama elithi Felis nebulosa. Ngo-1841, uBrian Houghton Hodgson, efunda ngezilwane eNdiya, eNepal, ngokusekelwe encazelweni yesifanekiso saseNepolian, esiqamba lolu hlobo lwezinhlobo ze-Felis macrosceloides. Incazelo elandelayo negama lesilwane esivela eTaiwan sanikezwa ngusosayensi wezinto eziphilayo uRobert Swinho (1862) - uFelis Brachyura. UJohn Edward Gray waqoqa bobathathu baba uhlobo olulodwa lweNeofelis (1867).
Ingwe enamafu, yize imele ifomu lesikhashana phakathi kwama-fining amancane kuya kwamakhulu, isondelene ngokwezakhi zofuzo nalezi zakamuva, ezingaphansi kohlobo lwama-panther. Phambilini, lesi silwane esidliwayo, esithathwa njengesinye, sahlukaniswa saba yizinhlobo ezimbili ngonyaka we-2006.
Ividiyo: Ingwe Enamafu
Ukuqoqa idatha ezilwaneni ezincelisayo zasesiqhingini bekungelula. Isisekelo sokufundwa kwe-DNA sithathwe ezikhunjeni zezilwane ezigcinwe kumamnyuziyamu ahlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele, indle yezilwane. Ngokwale datha kanye ne-morphology, uhla lwe-Neofelis nebulosa lukhawulelwe eSouth-Asia ese-Asia, ingxenye esemaphethelweni nezwe laseTaiwan, kanti uN. Diardi uhlala eziqhingini zaseSumatra, eBorneo. Umphumela wocwaningo uphinde washintsha inani lama-subspecies.
Zonke izinhlobo ze-nebulosa subspecies zahlanganiswa, futhi inani le-diardi lahlukaniswa kabili:
- i-diardi borneensis esiqhingini saseBorneo;
- diardi diardi eSumatra.
Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zaphambukisa eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-1.5 edlule ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa ngokwendawo, njengoba ukuxhumana komhlaba phakathi kweziqhingi kwanyamalalayo, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokunyuka kwamazinga olwandle noma ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo. Kusukela lapho, lezi zinhlobo ezimbili azange zihlangane noma ziwele. IClouded Island Leopard inezimpawu zamabala ezincane nezimnyama nombala wejazi omnyama jikelele.
Ngenkathi lezi zinsimbi ezimbili ezibhemayo zingabonakala zifana, zihluke kakhulu ngokwezakhi zofuzo kunokuba ibhubesi livele engweni!
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ingwe enamafu wezilwane
Umbala wejazi ohlukile ohlukile wenza lezi zilwane zibe zinhle ngokungavamile futhi zehluke kwezinye izihlobo zomndeni. Amabala e-elliptical anombala omnyama kunangemuva, futhi onqenqemeni lwendawo ngayinye luhlelwe ngokwengxenye emnyama. Zibekwe ngemuva kwesizinda sensimu ye-monochromatic, ehlukahluka kusuka kokukhanyayo okukhanyayo nge-yellowness kuya kwempunga ejulile.
Isifonyo sincane, njengesizinda, amabala amnyama aqinile abeka uphawu ebunzini nasezihlathini. Uhlangothi lwe-ventral, izitho zimakwe ngama-ovals amakhulu amnyama. Imigqa emibili eqinile emnyama isuka ngemuva kwezindlebe ngemuva kwentamo iye emahlombe, umsila ojiyile umbozwe ngezimpawu ezimnyama ezihlangana ziye ekugcineni. Kuma-juveniles, amabala asemaceleni aqinile, hhayi amafu. Zizoshintsha ngesikhathi isilwane sinezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala.
Izinhlobo zabantu abadala zivame ukuba nesisindo esingu-18-22 kg, kanti ukuphakama kuyabuna kusuka ku-50 kuye ku-60. Ubude bomzimba busuka kumasentimitha angama-75 kuye kwayi-105, ubude bomsila - busuka kuma-79 kuye kuma-90 cm, acishe alingane nobude bomzimba uqobo. Amakati abhemayo awanawo umehluko omkhulu ngosayizi, kepha abesifazane bancane kancane.
Imilenze yomzingeli imfishane uma uyiqhathanisa namanye amachwane, imilenze yangemuva mide kunaleyo yangaphambili. Amaqakala anokuhamba okuhlukahlukene, izidladla zikhulu kakhulu, okugcina ngokuhoxisa uzipho. Isakhiwo somzimba, ukuphakama kwezitho, umsila omude ukulungele kahle ukukhuphuka kwezihlahla, zombili phezulu naphansi. Izilwane ezincelisayo zibona kahle, zizwa futhi ziyanuka.
Isilo, ngokuqhathanisa nezinye izihlobo zalo mndeni:
- ugebhezi olunciphile nolude;
- ama-canines amade kakhulu, maqondana nosayizi womzimba nogebhezi;
- umlomo uvuleka kakhulu.
Ama-canines angaba ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ama-4.Ikhala liyimpinki, kwesinye isikhathi linamabala amnyama. Izindlebe zifushane, zihlukaniswe ububanzi futhi ziyindilinga. Iris yamehlo imvamisa iba nsundu ngombala ophuzi noma oluhlaza okimpunga ngokuluhlaza okotshani, abafundi bacindezelwa baba yimigqa emi mpo.
Ihlala kuphi ingwe enamafu?
Isithombe: Ingwe Enamafu AseTaiwan
INeofelis Nebulosa itholakala eningizimu yezintaba zaseHimalaya eNepal, eBhutan, enyakatho-mpumalanga yeNdiya. Ingxenye eseningizimu yebanga inqunyelwe eMyanmar, eningizimu yeChina, eTaiwan, eVietnam, eLaos, eCambodia, eThailand, eMalaysia (izifunda ezisemaphandleni).
Ama-subspecies amathathu ahlala ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene:
- UNeofelis n. i-nebulosa - iChina eseningizimu nezwekazi iMalaysia;
- UNeofelis n. i-brachyura - yayihlala eTaiwan, kepha manje sekuthathwa njengokushabalala;
- UNeofelis n. ama-macrosceloides - atholakala kusuka eMyanmar kuya eNepal;
- INeofelis diardi iyinhlobo ezimele evela eziqhingini zaseBorneo, eSumatra.
Izidliwayo zihlala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo, zifinyelela ezindaweni eziphakeme ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezintathu. Basebenzisa izihlahla ukuzithokozisa kanye nokuzingela, kepha bachitha isikhathi esiningi phansi kunalokho obekucatshangwa ngaphambili. Ukubheka kwezilwane ezidlayo kubonise ukuthi zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo zamahlathi ahlala eluhlaza. Izilwane ezincelisayo zihlala ezihlahlaneni zemithi, emahlathini asezingeni eliphansi elomile, emahlathini agudle ulwandle, zingatholakala emaxhaphozini ama-mangrove, ekuhlanzeni nasezimfundeni.
Idlani ingwe enamafu?
Isithombe: Incwadi ebomvu enengwe enamafu
Njengazo zonke izilwane zasendle, lezi zilwane ziyizilwane ezizingelayo. Kwakukade kukholakala ukuthi zichitha isikhathi esiningi zizingela ezihlahleni, kepha ucwaningo lwakamuva lukhombisile ukuthi izingwe ezinamafu zizingela phansi bese ziphumula ezihlahleni emini.
Izilwane ezizingelwa ngumzingeli zifaka:
- lori;
- inkawu;
- bamba ama-macaque;
- izinyamazane;
- isambara;
- Izibankwa zaseMalay;
- ama-muntjacs;
- izingulube zasendle;
- izingulube ezinentshebe;
- gophers;
- ama-civets esundu;
- izingungumbane.
Izilwane ezidla ezinye zingabamba izinyoni ezinjenge-pheasants. Izinsalela zezinhlanzi zitholakale endle. Kunezimo ezaziwayo zokuhlaselwa yila makati asendle emfuyweni: amathole, izingulube, izimbuzi, izinkukhu. Lezi zilwane zibulala inyamazane ngokumba amazinyo azo ngemuva kwekhanda, ziphule umgogodla. Badla ngokukhipha inyama esidunjini, bemba ngamazinyo abo nangezinsimbi, bese betshekisa ikhanda labo ngokucijile. Imvamisa isilwane sihlala siqamekele esihlahleni, sicindezelwe eduze negatsha. Isilwane sihlaselwa ngenhla, sigxume ngomhlane. Izilwane ezincane zibanjwa phansi.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Clouded Leopard
Umzimba oguqulwe le ndlela yokuphila ukuvumela ukuthi uzuze la makghono amangalisayo. Imilenze yabo imifushane futhi iqinile, ihlinzeka ngamandla kanye nendawo ephansi yamandla adonsela phansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsila omude ngokwedlulele usiza ngokulinganisela. Ukubamba izidladla zabo ezinkulu kuhlome ngozipho abukhali namaphakethe akhethekile. Imilenze yangemuva inamaqakala aguquguqukayo avumela umlenze ukuba ujikeleze emuva futhi.
Isici esihlukile sale ingwe wugebhezi olungavamile, kanti nomzingeli unama-canine angenhla amade kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nosayizi wogebhezi, okwenza kube lula ukuwuqhathanisa nensimbi yamazinyo esabile engasekho.
Ucwaningo olwenziwe nguDkt Per Christiansen waseCopenhagen Zoological Museum luveze ukuxhumana phakathi kwalezi zidalwa. Ucwaningo lwezimpawu zogebhezi lwazo zombili amakati aphilayo nalawo asephelile selukhombisile ukuthi ukwakheka kwalo engwanyaneni enamafu kufana namazinyo asabekayo asephele njengeParamachairodus (ngaphambi kokuba iqembu linciphe futhi nezilwane zazinemigqomo emikhulu engenhla).
Zombili lezi zilwane zinomlomo omkhulu ovulekile, cishe ama-degree ayi-100. Ngokungafani nebhubesi lesimanje, elikwazi ukuvula umlomo walo ngama-65 ° kuphela. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi ulayini owodwa wezinsikazi zesimanje, okusasele ingwe enamafu manje, wenze ushintsho olujwayelekile ngamakati eqiniso anamazinyo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izilwane zingazingela inyamazane enkulu endle ngendlela ehluke kancanyana kunezinye izilwane ezinkulu ezidla ezinye.
Izingwe ezinamafu ngezinye zezintaba ezihamba phambili emndenini wekati. Zingakhuphuka ngeziqu, zilenga emagatsheni ngemilenze yazo yangemuva, futhi zehle ngisho ngekhanda njengesikwele.
Amakati anamazinyo weSaber aluma inyamazane yawo entanyeni, esebenzisa amazinyo abo ahlangane ukusika izinzwa nemithambo yegazi futhi abambe umphimbo ukuze aklinye isisulu. Le ndlela yokuzingela yehlukile ekuhlaselweni amakati amakhulu anamuhla, abamba isisulu ngomphimbo ukuze siklinye isisulu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Clouded Leopard Cub
Ukuziphatha komphakathi kwalezi zilwane akufundwanga kangako. Ngokuya ngempilo yamanye amakati asendle, ahola indlela yokuphila enesizungu, azibophezele kubambiswano lokukhwelana kuphela. Zilawula indawo yazo, imini nobusuku. Indawo yayo ingaba phakathi kuka-20 kuye ku-50 m2.
E-Thailand, izilwane eziningana ezihlala emndenini. izinqolobane, zazinokuxhumana komsakazo. Lokhu kuhlolwa kukhombisile ukuthi abesifazane abathathu babenezindawo ezingama-23, 25, 39, 50 m2, nabesilisa abangama-30, 42, 50 m2. Ingqikithi yesiza ibicishe ibe yi-3 m2.
Izilwane ezidla ezinye ziphawula le ndawo ngokufafaza umchamo nokuzihlikihla ezintweni, ziklwebha amagxolo ezihlahla ngozipho. I-Vibrissae ibasiza ukuhamba ebusuku. Lawa ma-feline awazi ukuthi angahlanza kanjani, kepha enza imisindo yokuthimula, kanye nemisindo ephezulu kakhulu efana nokugunda. Isililo esifushane sokububula singazwakala buqamama, inhloso yalokhu kuzwakala ayaziwa, mhlawumbe kuhloswe ngayo ukuheha umlingani. Uma amakati enobungane, alula izintamo zawo, aphakamise amafinyila awo. Esimweni esinolaka, baveza amazinyo abo, bashwabanise amakhala abo, bahhewule ngomlozi.
Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwezilwane kwenzeka ngemuva kweminyaka emibili. Ukukhwelana kungenzeka esikhathini eside, kepha kaningi kusuka ngoDisemba kuya kuMashi. Lesi silwane sinolaka kangangokuba ngisho nalapho sithandana, sikhombisa isimilo. Abesilisa bavame ukulimaza kabi abangane babo besifazane, kwesinye isikhathi kuze kube sezingeni lokuthi kuqhume umgogodla. Ukukhwelana kwenzeka kaningana nomlingani ofanayo, oluma insikazi ngasikhathi sinye, uphendula ngemisindo, akhuthaze owesilisa ukuthi athathe ezinye izinyathelo.
Abesifazane bayakwazi ukukhiqiza inzalo minyaka yonke. Isikhathi sokuphila sezilwane ezincelisayo isilinganiso seminyaka eyisikhombisa. Ekuthunjweni, izidumbu ziphila isikhathi eside, cishe eziyi-11, amacala aziwa lapho isilwane siphile iminyaka engu-17.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha cishe amasonto ayi-13, kugcina ngokuzalwa kwezingane ezingama-2-3 ezingaboni, ezingenakuzisiza ezinesisindo esingu-140-280 g. Kukhona udoti osuka ku-1 kuye ku-5 pcs. Imijelo yezihlahla, imigodi ngaphansi kwezimpande, ama-nook, ambozwe izihlahla asebenza njengezidleke. Emasontweni amabili, izingane sezivele zibona, ngenyanga ziyasebenza, futhi ezintathu ziyeke ukudla ubisi. Umama ubafundisa ukuzingela. Amakati azimela ngokuphelele ezinyangeni eziyishumi. Ekuqaleni, umbala unamabala amnyama ngokuphelele, akhula ngobudala, akhanye maphakathi, ashiye indawo emnyama. Akwaziwa ukuthi amazinyane afihlephi ngesikhathi sokuzingela kukamama, mhlawumbe emiqhele yezihlahla.
Izitha zemvelo zezingwe ezinamafu
Isithombe: Ingwe enamafu wezilwane
Abaqedi abakhulu bezilwane ezincelisayo ngabantu. Izilwane zizingelwa izikhumba zazo ezinhle ngokungajwayelekile. Ekuzingeleni, kusetshenziswa izinja, kuqhutshwa izilwane ezidla ezinye nokuzibulala. Isilo sasendle silwela ukuhlala kude nezindawo zokuhlala abantu. Njengoba umuntu enweba izindawo zakhe zezolimo, echitha amahlathi futhi engena endaweni yalolu hlobo, yena uhlasela izilwane ezifuywayo. Abantu bendawo ngonya basebenzisa ubuthi ukuqothula amakati.
Endle, izingwe namahlosi kungumncintiswano wokudla weqhawe lethu futhi kungambulala aqede izimbangi zakhe. Ezindaweni ezinjalo, amakati abhemayo ahamba ebusuku futhi ancamela ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi ezihlahleni. Umbala wabo wokuzifihla udlala indima enhle; akunakwenzeka ukubona lesi silwane, ikakhulukazi ebumnyameni noma kusihlwa.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Clouded Leopard
Ngeshwa, ngenxa yendlela yokuphila eyimfihlo, kunzima ukukhuluma ngenombolo ngqo yalezi zilwane. Ngokwezibalo ezinzima, inani labantu lingaphansi kwezibonelo eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi. Izinsongo ezinkulu ukuzingelwa ngokungemthetho nokuzingelwa kwehlathi. Ezinye zezindawo ezingamahlathi ezisele zincane kakhulu kangangokuthi azikwazi ukunikela ngokuzala nokongiwa kwezinhlobo.
Bazingela izilwane ngezikhumba zabo ezinhle. E-Sarawak, amazinyo amade asetshenziswa ezinye izizwe njengemihlobiso yezindlebe. Ezinye izingxenye zesidumbu zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha ngabantu bendawo. Ezitolo zokudlela eChina naseThailand, inyama yengwe enamafu isemamenyu ezinye izindawo zokudlela zezivakashi ezicebile, okuyisizathu sokuzingelwa ngokungemthetho. Izingane zinikelwa ngamanani amakhulu kakhulu njengezilwane ezifuywayo.
Lezi zidliwayo zazithathwa njengeziphelile eNepal ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, kepha ngeminyaka yama-80s yekhulu elidlule, kwatholakala abantu abadala abane esiGodini sasePokhara. Ngemuva kwalokho, ama-specimens angavamile aqoshwa ngezikhathi ezithile emapaki naseziqiwini zezwe. ENdiya, ingxenye esentshonalanga yeBangal, izintaba zaseSikkim, lesi silo sabanjwa ngamakhamera. Okungenani abantu abangu-16 baqoshwa ezingibeni zekhamera.
Ingwe enamafu namuhla itholakala emagqumeni aseHimalaya, eNepal, ezwekazini iSoutheast Asia, China. Phambilini, ibisakazeke ngaseningizimu yeYangtze, kepha ukubukeka kwesilwane kwakamuva kunqabile futhi kukude kakhulu, futhi kuncane okwaziwayo ngobubanzi nenombolo yaso yamanje. Isilwane esincelisayo sitholakala ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu-mpumalanga yeBangladesh (ipheshana laseChittagong) ezintabeni, zinendawo yokuhlala efanelekile.
Ukwehlukaniswa kwezindawo zokuhlala kukhuphule ukuthambekela kwezilwane ezifweni ezithathelwanayo nasezinhlekeleleni zemvelo. ESumatra naseBorneo, kugawulwa amahlathi ngokushesha futhi ingwe yaseBornean ayibhubhi nje kuphela, incishwe indawo yayo yokuhlala yemvelo, kodwa futhi iwela ezingibeni ezibekelwe ezinye izilwane. Izingwe ezinamafu zithathwa njengezivikelekile yi-IUCN.
Kuvikelwe ingwe enamafu
Isithombe: Incwadi ebomvu enengwe enamafu
Ukuzingela izilwane ezincelisayo akuvumelekile emazweni: iBangladesh, iBrunei, iChina, iNdiya, i-Indonesia, iMalaysia, iMyanmar, iNepal, iTaiwan, iThailand, iVietnam futhi ilawulwa eLaos. E-Bhutan, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezivikelwe, ukuzingela akulawulwa.
Kwenziwe imizamo eNepal, eMalaysia nase-Indonesia ukusungula amapaki kazwelonke ukweseka izilwane ezidla ezinye. Ukulondolozwa kwesimo saseMalaysian Sabah kubalwa indawo yokuhlala. Lapha, abantu abayisishiyagalolunye bahlala ku-100 km². Ngokuvamile kakhulu kunaseBorneo, lesi silwane sitholakala eSumatra. ITripura Wildlife Sanctuary yaseSipahihola inepaki kazwelonke lapho i-zoo iqukethe izingwe ezinamafu.
Kunzima ukuthola inzalo kulezi zilwane ekuthunjweni ngenxa yokuziphatha kwazo okunolaka. Ukwehlisa izinga lobutha, izingane ezimbalwa zigcinwa ndawonye kusukela zisencane kakhulu. Lapho inzalo ivela, izingane zivame ukususwa kunina futhi zondliwe ebhodleleni. NgoMashi 2011, eGrassmere Zoo (eNashville, eTennessee), abesifazane ababili bazala amawundlu amathathu, lawo akhuliswa ngokuthunjwa. Inkonyane ngalinye lalinesisindo esingu-230 g. Ezinye izingane ezine zazalelwa lapho ngo-2012.
NgoJuni 2011, kwavela izingwe ezimbili ePoint Defiance Zoo eTacoma, WA. Abazali babo balethwe bevela e-Khao Kheo Patay Open Zoo (Thailand) ngohlelo lokufunda nokwabelana ngolwazi. NgoMeyi 2015, kwazalwa ezinye izingane ezine lapho. Baba ngodoti wesine ovela kuChai Li nentombi yakhe uNah Fan.
Kusukela ngoDisemba 2011, bekukhona izinhlobo ezingama-222 zalesi silwane esingajwayelekile emaphoyiseni.
Phambilini, ukuzalanisa abathunjiwe kwakunzima, ngoba kwakukhona ukuntuleka kwesipiliyoni nolwazi mayelana nendlela yabo yokuphila emvelweni. Manje amacala okuzalanisa asevame kakhulu, izilwane zinikezwa indawo enezindawo ezinamadwala namakhona ahlanganisiwe afihliwe ekubukeni. Izilwane zondliwa ngokohlelo olukhethekile lokudla okulinganiselayo. Ukwandisa inani lezilwane endle, kudingeka izinyathelo zokulondoloza indawo yemvelo yezingwe ezinamafu.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 20.02.2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 09/16/2019 ngo-0: 10
