Ihlengethwa elibhekene nomhlophe - Isilwane esincelisayo, umndeni onemikhomo wamazinyo ovela ku-cetacean order. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-40 zalezi zilwane emhlabeni. Amahlengethwa ahlala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisayo nakwezifudumele, kodwa kukhona futhi lezo zinhlobo ezikhetha amanzi apholile kunawo wonke. Ngenxa yalokhu, zingabonakala ngisho nase-Arctic ebandayo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Ihlengethwa elibhekene nomhlophe
Umzimba wesilwane uminyene kakhulu, ingemuva limnyama noma mpunga, ngokungafani nezinhlangothi ezikhanyayo. Kukhona umsila omfishane omhlophe qwa noma ompunga okhanyayo. Umphimbo nesisu sehlengethwa kumhlophe, ingquza yangemuva iphakeme, ingaphezulu kwamanzi ngaphezulu. Indawo enkulu yokukhanya itholakala ngemuva kwesiphetho se-dorsal.
Ukuziphatha kwesilwane okujwayelekile kungachazwa njengokusebenzayo:
- ukunyakaza kuyashesha futhi kunamandla, amahlengethwa aphakeme futhi avame ukuphuma emanzini, ahlekise labo ababazungezile ngokuziphatha kwabo;
- izilwane zithanda ukuhamba nemikhumbi edlulayo, zigudle igagasi lomnsalo ngokubuka okugcwele kwabagibeli nabasebenza;
- imvamisa ihlangana ngemihlambi futhi itholakala ngamaqembu afinyelela kubantu abangama-28 noma ngaphezulu, ngezikhathi ezithile bakha imihlambi emikhulu yabantu abangama-200 noma ngaphezulu.
Ngokudoba, amahlengethwa angahlelwa ngemihlambi exubekile ene-subspecies efanayo. Kungaba ingxube yamahlengethwa ase-Atlantic namhlophe. Kwesinye isikhathi izilwane zingahamba nemikhomo emikhulu, zihlanganyele inyamazane nazo futhi zizisebenzise njengesivikelo samaphuphu azo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ihlengethwa elibhekene nomhlophe elivela eRed Book
Ubude behlengethwa abajwayelekile buphakathi kuka-1.5 kuya ku-9-10 m. Isilwane esincane kunazo zonke emhlabeni yizinhlobo zeMaui, ezihlala ngaseNew Zealand. Ubude bale ntokazi encane abudluli kumamitha ayi-1.6. Isakhamuzi esikhulu kunazo zonke olwandle olujulile yihlengethwa ejwayelekile ebhekene nomhlophe, ubude baso bungaphezu kwamamitha amathathu.
Ummeleli omkhulu walesi sigaba umkhoma obulalayo. Ubude balaba besilisa bufinyelela kumamitha ayi-10. Izilwane zinesisindo esilinganisweni sisuka ku-150 kuye ku-300 kg, i-killer whale ingaba nesisindo esingaphezudlwana kwethani.
Isifunda somzimba esingenhla ngemuva kwephiko lomgogodla nezinhlangothi eziyindilinga zimhlophe mpunga, isisu sesilwane simhlophe qwa. Futhi ngaphezulu komhlane, phambi kwendle ye-dorsal, ihlengethwa linombala onsundu ngokumnyama. Isiphetho semiphetho kanye namaphiko nakho kumnyama ngokukhanyayo. Uqhwaku lwehlengethwa elibukeka limhlophe ngokwesiko limhlophe, kepha kwesinye isikhathi limpunga yomlotha.
Ividiyo: Ihlengethwa elibhekene nomhlophe
Amahlengethwa ayizihlobo zemikhomo, ngakho-ke angahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi eside. Ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela lapho izilwane zintanta phezulu emanzini bese ziphefumula umoya. Ngesikhathi sokulala, izilwane ziyantanta ngaphezulu olwandle ukuze zihogele intuitively, zingavuki nokuvuka. Ihlengethwa libhekwa njengesilwane esincelisayo esihlakaniphe kakhulu emhlabeni.
Isisindo sobuchopho balesi silwane esincelisayo ngu-1.7 kg, okungu-300 grams. ngaphezulu komuntu, futhi banama-convolions angaphezu kokuphindwe kathathu kunabantu. Leli qiniso lingachaza indlela yokuziphatha kwesilwane esithuthuke kakhulu, ikhono lozwelo, ukuzimisela ukusiza abantu abangenampilo nabalimele noma umuntu ominzayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane zisiza ngokunengqondo nangokunengqondo. Uma isihlobo esisodwa silimele futhi singanamatheli kahle ebusweni bolwandle, amahlengethwa azoyisekela ukuze isiguli singakwazi ukucwila noma ukuminza. Benza okufanayo lapho behlenga umuntu, besiza umuntu ominzayo ukufinyelela ogwini oluphephile. Akunakwenzeka ukuchaza lezo zenzo ezinengqondo ngokukhathalela abantu. Kuze kube manje, ososayensi abakwazi ukuhumusha indlela enobungane yamahlengethwa anentshebe emhlophe, kepha ngaphezu kwakho konke kubukeka njengobubele obunengqondo, obuzwayo nosizo olwanele kulowo ohlukunyeziwe ezimweni ezinzima.
Ihlala kuphi le dolphin ebhekene nobumhlophe?
Isithombe: Ihlengethwa elibhekene nomhlophe olwandle
Ezimweni zemvelo, amahlengethwa abhekene nobumhlophe ahlala cishe kuzo zonke izilwandle nolwandle lomhlaba. Kepha iningi labo litholakala oLwandle olubandayo iBarents, lapho inani labo lifinyelela ngaphezu kwabantu abayizinkulungwane eziyishumi.
Izilwane zihlala emihlambini, inani labantu bomhlambi owodwa lingafinyelela kumalungu angama-50. Abesifazane namazinyane abo babuthana ngemihlambi ehlukene, abakwaziyo ukuvikela impilo yesizukulwane esisha ekuhlaselweni yizilwane. Izilwane azizihlukanisi zibe izinhlobo ezingaphansi ezihlukene. Abantu bezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, umbala nokuma komzimba bangahlala emhlanjini owodwa. Lezi kungaba yi-Atlantic, izinhlobo ezimhlophe, njll.
Ukuziphatha kwamahlengethwa kubonakala ngokuziphonsa njalo emanzini kuya ezindaweni eziphakeme. Izilwane zidla izinhlanzi ezincane, ama-molluscs, ama-crustaceans nokunye ukudla kwasolwandle okungashiyi muntu elambile. Izilwane zingahlela ukuzingela ngokuhlanganyela, ukushayela isikole sezinhlanzi emhosheni wolwandle noma emanzini angajulile futhi zijabulele isisulu sazo ngohlobo lokudlela olungaphansi kwamanzi. Amahlengethwa afinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi eneminyaka engu-7-12 ubudala. Abesifazane bathwala amawundlu cishe izinyanga eziyi-11. Isikhathi sokuphila sabantu ngabanye asikho ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-30-40.
Lidla ini ihlengethwa elibuso obumhlophe?
Isithombe: Ihlengethwa elibheke ubuso obumhlophe
Ukudla kwehlengethwa emilomo emhlophe kuqukethe yonke imikhiqizo yezinhlanzi ethe xaxa olwandle lomhlaba. Azideleli imfanzi noma iskwidi, zithanda ukudla inhlanzi enkulu noma encane, zingazingela ngisho nezinyoni ezincane. Lapho kudotshwa, amahlengethwa angasebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ezihlangene.
Ukwenza lokhu, izilwane ezihlakaniphile zenza okulandelayo:
- thumela ama-scouts ukuthola isikole sezinhlanzi;
- zizungeze isikole sezinhlanzi nxazonke, bese sondla;
- izinhlanzi ziqhutshelwa emanzini angajulile, bese zibanjwa lapho futhi zidliwe.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ihlengethwa elibhekene nomhlophe
Abamele abaningi bomndeni wamahlengethwa, njengamahlengethwa asebhodlela, izinhlobo ezinobuso obumhlophe, nezinhlangothi ezimhlophe, bavame ukuhlala kwalasha onosawoti olwandle. Kepha kunezinhlobo ezichuma emanzini amasha, ezihlala emachibini amakhulu nasemifuleni. Ihlengethwa lomfula elinobuso obumhlophe litholakala e-Amazon nase-Orinoco - imifula emikhulu yaseMelika, ibuye yabonakala nasemanzini ase-Asia.
Ngenxa yokungcola okwandayo kwendawo yokuhlala yemvelo, inani labantu bezinhlobo zamahlengethwa omfula aqala ukwehla. Ngakho-ke, zibhalwe kuRed Book futhi zivikelwe ngumthetho.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Amahlengethwa anobuso obumhlophe
Ososayensi bafakazele ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zamahlengethwa zisebenzisa ulimi lwezandla ukuxhumana. Lokhu kungaba ukweqa noma ukujika, ukunyakaza kwekhanda noma amaphiko, ukusikaza okungafani nomsila, njll.
Futhi, izilwane ezihlakaniphile zingakwazi ukuxhumana zodwa zisebenzisa imisindo ekhethekile. Abaphenyi babalile imisindo ehlukene engaphezu kweziyizinkulungwane eziyi-14, efana nezingoma. Izingoma zamahlengethwa ezilwandle zomhlaba ziyinganekwane nezinganekwane.
Usizo lokuzwa lwamahlengethwa lungabona ukudlidliza kwemisindo efinyelela ku-200,000 ngomzuzwana, lapho abantu bebona ama-20 000 kuphela.
Izilwane zinhle ekuhlukaniseni isignali eyodwa yomsindo kwenye, ngokuyihlukanisa kalula kube amaza ahlukene. Ngosizo lokudlidliza okuhlukahlukene kwe-ultrasonic, izilwane zingadlulisa imininingwane ebalulekile komunye nomunye ngaphansi kwamanzi ebangeni elide. Ngaphezu kwezingoma, abantu ngabanye bangakhipha ama-crackles, ukuchofoza, ama-creaks namakhwela.
Amahlengethwa angaxwayisa abanye babo ngengozi, azise ngokusondela kwesikole esikhulu sezinhlanzi, abesilisa babiza abesifazane ukuba bakhweshane. Abantu badlulisa ulwazi oluningi oludingekayo nolusizo komunye nomunye ekujuleni kolwandle, besebenzisa amakhono ananela amanzi.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zemisindo yehlengethwa:
- Ukwehliswa kwemisindo noma ukunanela kwemisindo ekhishiwe;
- Sonar noma imisindo uqobo ekhiqizwa yilowo nalowo muntu;
- Abaphenyi babala imisindo engaphezu kwengu-180 ehlukene lapho kungahlukaniswa khona ngokucacile izinhlamvu zamagama, amagama, imishwana ngisho nezilimi ezehlukene.
Abesifazane bafinyelela ekuvuthweni kwabo ngokocansi beneminyaka engu-5 futhi babe ngabantu abadala ngokugcwele, abakwaziyo ukukhulelwa nokuzala abantwana. Abesilisa bavuthwa isikhashana futhi bathola amandla okuvundisa kuphela ngeminyaka eyi-10 yokuphila kwabo. Izilwane zingakha imibhangqwana eshadile, kepha azikwazi ukugcina ukuthembeka emshadweni isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokuvela kwenzalo, imibhangqwana iyahlukana.
Ukuzalwa kwehlengethwa kuvame ukwenzeka phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo. Ngesikhathi sokubeletha, insikazi izama ukuhlala isondele ebusweni bamanzi ukuze iphushe ingane ngokushesha emoyeni futhi iphefumule okokuqala. Ingane ihlala izalwa yodwa, inebukhulu obufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-500. Umama uyayondla ngobisi izinyanga ezingafika kwezingu-6, evikela futhi evikela kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezitha. Ngenyanga yokuqala yokuphila, amahlengethwa awalali nakancane futhi umama uphoqeleka ukuthi abuke indlela aziphatha ngayo ubusuku nemini, enakekela ukuphepha kwenzalo yakhe.
Izitha zemvelo zamahlengethwa anemilomo emhlophe
Isithombe: Ihlengethwa elibhekene nomhlophe elivela eRed Book
Imithombo eyinhloko yosongo kumahlengethwa abhekene nabamhlophe ngabantu, izindlela zabo zokuziphilisa nezindlela zokubamba. Ukukhishwa kwemfucumfucu yemfucumfucu yamakhemikhali, okuvame ukulahlwa ngabanikazi abanganaki ngqo olwandle, kubangela ukulimala okukhulu kubantu basehlengethwa.
Isilwane esinokuthula, esikhulu futhi esisebenzayo asinazo izitha zemvelo. Ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ziyafa, ziwela emanetheni okudoba kanye nezinhlanzi. Amahlengethwa engane angahlaselwa oshaka, azame ukushaya ingane kude nonina futhi adle inyama ethambile yamahlengethwa. Kodwa leyo mizamo ayivamile ukuthweswa umqhele ngempumelelo, ngoba ihlengethwa liyakwazi ukunikeza noma isiphi isiphikiso esifanelekile, futhi izihlobo zalo ngeke zihlale zingenandaba futhi zizosiza emzabalazweni ongalingani.
Yize iqiniso lokuthi amahlengethwa awadobi futhi awabanjwa ngezinga elikhulu, kwamanye amazwe kuvunyelwe ukubamba lezi zilwane ukuze zisetshenziswe embonini yokudla futhi zisetshenziselwe ukuhweba.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ihlengethwa elibhekene nomhlophe olwandle
Isibalo esiqondile samahlengethwa anobuso obumhlophe ahlala olwandle nasolwandle lomhlaba awaziwa. Inani labantu cishe lizinkulungwane ezingama-200-300. Ihlengethwa elibhekene nomhlophe ikakhulukazi lihlala kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:
- eNyakatho ye-Atlantic;
- olwandle oluseduze kweDavis Strait neCape Cod;
- oLwandle lwaseBarents naseBaltic;
- eningizimu yamanzi asogwini ePortugal;
- etholakala eTurkey nasemanzini asogwini eCrimea.
Abamele abantu abadala bezinhlobo ezinentshebe emhlophe basesimweni esime kahle. Ihlengethwa elinobuso obumhlophe libhalwe kuRed Book njengesimo semvelo esingajwayelekile futhi esingafundwanga kangako esidinga ukuvikelwa nokuvikelwa.
Ukulondolozwa kwamahlengethwa anemilomo emhlophe
Isithombe: Ihlengethwa elibhekene nomhlophe eRussia
Muva nje, ngekhulu elidlule, amahlengethwa ayezingelwa ngenkuthalo. Baqothulwa kuyo yonke indawo abahlala kuyo. Lokhu kwaholela ekubhujisweni okuyingxenye yezinhlobo eziningana zalezi zilwane ezihlukile. Namuhla, ukubanjwa akwenziwa ngezinjongo zezimboni noma zokudla, kepha kwenzelwa ukugcina ukuthunjwa.
Izilwane ezinobuhlakani ziyakwazi ukuhlela ukusebenza okuphelele, zihlekise izingane nabantu abadala ngokuziphatha kwabo okunokuthula nokujabula. Kepha ekuthunjweni, amahlengethwa awakwazi ukuhlala isikhathi eside, iminyaka eyi-5-7 kuphela, yize ngokwemvelo aphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-30.
Izici eziningana ezibalulekile zithinta ukwehla kwesikhathi sokuphila sehlengethwa:
- umsebenzi ophansi wesilwane;
- isikhala samachibi esilinganiselwe;
- ukudla okungalingani.
Ukuxhumana nezilwane ezinokuthula nokuthakazelisa njengamahlengethwa akukwazi nje ukuthakazelisa kuphela, kepha futhi kuzuzise.
Namuhla, kwenziwa zonke izinhlobo zokuhlola okuthokozisayo nokuphumelelayo ukwelapha i-autism yobuntwana, ukukhubazeka kobuchopho nezinye izifo zengqondo ngokuxhumana namahlengethwa. Ngenqubo yokuxhumana kwesilwane nengane egulayo, ukuzinza okujwayelekile kanye nokwenza ngcono isimo sengqondo somntwana senzeka.
Ngiyethemba esikhathini esizayo esiseduze ihlengethwa elibhekene nomhlophe ngeke ibe yizinhlobo zezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothuka, izothokozisa izingane nabantu abadala ngemidlalo yayo emnandi nokuziphatha okuhlekisayo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 11.02.2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 16.09.2019 ngo-14: 50
