Ingwe yaseBengal - edume kunazo zonke izinhlobo zamahlosi. Isengozini, ihlosi laseBengal liyisilwane sikazwelonke saseBangladesh. Abalondolozi bezemvelo bazama ukusindisa lezi zinhlobo, kepha izinselelo ezinkulu kubantu baseBengal tiger zihlala zenziwe ngabantu.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Bengal Tiger
Omunye wokhokho abadala kunabo bonke bengwe ye-Bengal yingwe engamazinyo anama-saber, ebizwa nangokuthi iSmilodon. Baphila iminyaka eyizigidi ezingamashumi amathathu nanhlanu edlule. Omunye ukhokho wokuqala wengwe yaseBengal kwakunguProailur, ikati elincane lomlando. Lezi ezinye zezinsalela zokuqala zamakati ezatholakala kusukela eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingamashumi amabili nanhlanu edlule e-Europe.
Ezinye izihlobo eziseduze zehlosi yingwe nengwe. Izinsalela ezindala zamahlosi, ezineminyaka eyizigidi ezimbili ubudala, zitholakale eChina. Kukholakala ukuthi amahlosi aseBengal afika eNdiya cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyishumi nambili eyedlule, ngoba azikho izinsalela zalesi silwane ezitholakele endaweni kuze kube yileso sikhathi.
Ividiyo: Ingwe yeBengal
Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi kwakukhona izinguquko ezinkulu ngaleso sikhathi, njengoba amahlosi kwakudingeka afuduke amabanga amade ukuze aphile. Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi isizathu bekungukukhuphuka kwamazinga olwandle, ngenxa yokuthi iningizimu yeChina igcwale amanzi.
Amahlosi aguqukile futhi aguquka ngaphezu kwezigidi zeminyaka. Ngaleso sikhathi, amakati amakhulu ayemakhulu kakhulu kunanamuhla. Lapho nje amahlosi eba mancane, akwazi ukufunda ukubhukuda futhi azuza nekhono lokugibela ezihlahleni. Amahlosi nawo aqala ukugijima ngokushesha, okwenza kwaba lula kakhulu ukuthola isisulu. I-Tiger evolution iyisibonelo esihle sokukhethwa kwemvelo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ingwe yaseBengal evela eRed Book
Isici esaziwa kakhulu sehlosi laseBengal ijazi laso lesici, elisemgqeni wombala ongaphansi ophuzi ngokukhanyayo kuye kolintshi futhi elinemigqa ansundu noma emnyama. Lo mbala wakha iphethini yendabuko futhi ejwayelekile. Ingwe yaseBangal nayo inesisu esimhlophe nomsila omhlophe onamasongo amnyama.
Kunokushintshwa kwezakhi zofuzo okuhlukahlukene kubantu base-Bengal tiger okuholele kulokho okubizwa kakhulu ngokuthi "amahlosi amhlophe." Laba bantu mhlophe noma mhlophe ngemivimbo ensundu. Kukhona nokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo zengwe yeBengal okuholela kumbala omnyama.
Ingwe yaseBengal, njengezinye izinhlobo eziningi, ikhombisa ukufiphala kocansi phakathi kowesilisa nowesifazane. Owesilisa uvame ukuba mkhulu kakhulu kunowesifazane, cishe amamitha ama-3 ubude; kanti ubukhulu besifazane bungamamitha ayi-2,5. Bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane bavame ukuba nomsila omude, ongaba nobude obusuka ku-60 cm kuye ku-1 imitha.
Isisindo sengwe yaseBengal siyehluka kuye ngomuntu ngamunye. Lezi zinhlobo zamukelwa ngokusemthethweni njengelungu elikhulu lomndeni wesilwane futhi azikapheli (yize ezinye ziphikisa ngokuthi ihlosi laseSiberia likhudlwana); ilungu elincane kunawo wonke lamakati amakhulu ingulule. Ingwe yaseBengal ayinaso isikhathi eside sokuphila endle uma iqhathaniswa namanye amakati asendle futhi, ngokwesilinganiso, ihlala iminyaka eyi-8-10, kanti iminyaka eyi-15 ithathwa njengeminyaka yobudala. Ingwe yaseBengal yaziwa ukuthi ingaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-18 endaweni evikeleke kakhulu, njengasekuthunjweni noma eziqiwini.
Ihlala kuphi ihlosi laseBengal?
Isithombe: I-Indian Bengal Tiger
Izindawo eziyinhloko yilezi:
- India;
- ENepal;
- UButane;
- IBangladesh.
Inani elilinganisiwe lale nhlobo yengwe liyehluka ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala. ENdiya, inani lehlosi laseBengal lilinganiselwa ukuthi lingama-tiger asendle angama-1,411. ENepal, inani lezilwane lilinganiselwa ku-155. EBhutan, kunezilwane ezingaba ngu-67-81. EBangladesh, inani lehlosi laseBengal lilinganiselwa kubantu ababalelwa ku-200 balolu hlobo.
Uma kukhulunywa ngemizamo yokongiwa kwamahlosi aseBengal, indawo yeTerai Ark esezintabeni zeHimalaya ibaluleke kakhulu. Kutholakala enyakatho yeNdiya naseningizimu yeNepal, kunezindawo eziyishumi nanye endaweni yeTerai Ark. Lezi zindawo zinezindawo ezomile ezinotshani obude, izintaba ezinamahlathi ezomile futhi zakha indawo evikelekile engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-49,000 engwe ye-Bengal. Inani labantu lisakazeka phakathi kwezindawo ezivikelwe ukuvikela ulibofuzo lwamahlosi, kanye nokugcina ubuqotho bemvelo. Ukuvikelwa kwezinhlobo kule ndawo kudlala indima ebalulekile ekulweni nokuzingelwa ngokungemthetho.
Enye inzuzo yendawo evikelekile yamahlosi aseBengal endaweni yaseTerai ukuqwashiswa kwendawo ngesidingo semizamo yokongiwa kwemvelo. Njengoba abantu bendawo abaningi befunda ngosizi lwengwe yaseBengal, bayaqonda ukuthi badinga ukungenelela bavikele lesi silwane esincelisayo.
Idlani ingwe yaseBengal?
Isithombe: Ingwe yaseBengal ngokwemvelo
Amahlosi makhulu kunawo wonke amakati asendle, kodwa lolu sayizi alusebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi kuwo. Isibonelo, ubukhulu bayo obukhulu bungayisiza ukuthi ibulale inyamazane yayo ngemuva kokubanjwa; nokho, ngokungafani namakati afana nengulule, ihlosi laseBengal alikwazi ukulandela isisulu.
Ingwe izingela ngesikhathi sokuntwela kokusa nokuhwalala, lapho ilanga lingakhanyi njengasemini, ngakho-ke imivimbo esawolintshi nemnyama iyayivumela ukuba ifihle otshanini obude bamaxhaphozi, izimfunda, izihlahla ngisho nasehlathini. Imivimbo emnyama ivumela ingwe ukuba icashe phakathi kwamathunzi, kanti umbala o-orenji woboya bayo uvame ukuhlangana nelanga elikhanyayo emkhathizwe, okuvumela ihlosi laseBengal ukuthi lithathe inyamazane yalo ngokungalindele.
Ingwe yaseBengal imvamisa ibulala izilwane ezincane ngokuluma okukodwa ngemuva kwentamo. Ngemuva kokuthi ihlosi laseBengal ligingqe phansi isisulu salo, esingahluka kusukela ezingulubeni zasendle nasezinyamazaneni kuya ezinyathi, ikati lasendle lihudulela inyamazane emthunzini wezihlahla noma emseleni wamanzi wamachibi endawo yamaxhaphozi ukuze lihlale lipholile.
Ngokungafani namakati amaningi, avame ukudla ingxenye yawo futhi ashiye inyamazane yawo, ihlosi laseBengal lingadla kuze kufike ku-30 kg wenyama ngasikhathi sinye. Enye yemikhuba yokudla eyingqayizivele yehlosi laseBengal uma iqhathaniswa namanye amakati amakhulu ukuthi inamasosha omzimba aqinile.
Kuyiqiniso elaziwayo ukuthi angayidla inyama, esevele iqale ukubola ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi kuye. Mhlawumbe lesi kungaba yisizathu sokuthi ingwe yaseBengal ingesabi ukuhlasela izilwane ezigulayo nezindala ezilwa nomhlambi noma ezingakwazi nhlobo ukumelana nazo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ingwe yaseBengal eRussia
Abantu bavame ukucabanga ukuthi ihlosi lingumzingeli onolaka futhi alinqikazi ukuhlasela abantu; kodwa-ke, lokhu akuvamile kakhulu. Amahlosi aseBengal izidalwa ezinamahloni futhi athanda ukuhlala ezindaweni zawo futhi adle inyamazane "ejwayelekile"; kodwa-ke, kungavela izici ezithile ezenza amahlosi aseBengal afune omunye umthombo wokudla.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi amahlosi aseBengal ahlasela hhayi abantu kuphela, kepha futhi nezinye izilwane ezifana nezingwe, izingwenya namabhere amnyama aseAsia. Ingwe ingaphoqeleka ukuzingela lezi zilwane ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi: ukungakwazi ukuzingela ngempumelelo inyamazane ejwayelekile, ukungabikho kwezilwane endaweni yengwe, noma ukulimala ngenxa yokuguga noma ezinye izizathu.
Umuntu uvame ukuba isisulu esilula sengwe yaseBengal, futhi yize ekhetha ukungabahlaseli abantu, uma kungekho enye indlela, angamwisa kalula umuntu omdala, noma ngabe ihlosi likhubazekile ngenxa yokulimala.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nengwe yaseBengal, ingulule iyakwazi ukudlula noma yisiphi isisulu. Akadli izilwane ezindala, ezibuthakathaka nezigulayo, kunalokho uzohamba nganoma yisiphi isilwane esihlukaniswe nomhlambi. Lapho amakati amaningi amakhulu ethanda ukuzingela ngamaqembu, ingwe yaseBengal ayisona isilwane esihlangene futhi ikhetha ukuhlala nokuzingela yodwa.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Bengal Tiger
Ingwe yensikazi yaseBengal ifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokobulili cishe eminyakeni eyi-3-4, kanti ihlosi lesilisa laseBengal ngemuva kweminyaka engu-4-5. Lapho ihlosi lesilisa laseBengal lifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokobulili, lihamba liye endaweni ye-Bengal evuthiwe eseduze yokuhlangana. Ingwe yesilisa yaseBengal ingahlala nowesifazane izinsuku ezingama-20 kuya kwezingama-80 kuphela; kodwa-ke, kusukela kulesi sikhathi, insikazi ivundile izinsuku ezi-3-7 kuphela.
Ngemuva kokukhwelana, ihlosi lesilisa laseBangal libuyela endaweni yalo futhi alisabambi iqhaza empilweni yensikazi namazinyane. Kodwa-ke, kwamanye amapaki nezindawo zokugcina izilwane, abesilisa baseBengal bavame ukuxhumana nezingane zabo. Ingwe yensikazi yaseBengal izala izinyane eli-1 kuye kwelesi-4 ngasikhathi sinye, isikhathi sokukhulelwa cishe izinsuku eziyi-105. Lapho insikazi izala amawundlu ayo, ikwenza emhumeni ophephile noma otshanini obude obuzovikela amawundlu njengoba ekhula.
Amawundlu asanda kuzalwa anesisindo esingu-1 kg kuphela futhi abonakala ngejazi elijiyile elikhiphayo lapho izinyane selinezinyanga ezinhlanu ubudala. Uboya busetshenziselwa ukuvikela izingane ezincane emvelweni wemvelo, ngenkathi zithola ulwazi mayelana nomhlaba ozizungezile.
Lapho izalwa, amahlosi amancane awakwazi ukubona noma ukuzwa, awanamazinyo, ngakho-ke ancike ngokuphelele konina emavikini ambalwa okuqala okuphila. Ngemuva kwamasonto angaba ngu-2-3, izingane zikhula amazinyo obisi, asuswa ngokushesha ngamazinyo anomphela lapho enezinyanga ezi-2 kuya kwezi-3 ubudala. Amawundlu adla ubisi lukanina, kepha lapho amawundlu enezinyanga ezimbili ubudala futhi enamazinyo, nawo aqala ukudla ngokudla okuqinile.
Cishe sezinezinyanga ezimbili ubudala, amahlosi amancane aseBengal aqala ukulandela unina njengoba eyozingela ukuthola amakhono adingekayo. Kodwa-ke, amawundlu aseBengal ngeke akwazi ukuzingela yedwa aze abe nezinyanga eziyi-18 ubudala. Izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane zihlala nonina, abafowabo nodadewabo iminyaka emi-2 kuya kwengu-3, lapho umhlambi womndeni uhlakazeka khona, njengoba amahlosi asemancane ebheka izindawo zawo.
Njengoba kwenzeka kwamanye amakati amaningi asendle, ihlosi lensikazi laseBengal livame ukuhlala eduze nendawo kanina. Amahlosi angamaduna aseBangal ngokuvamile aya kude. Lokhu kukholakala ukuthi kuzosiza ekunciphiseni ukuvela kokuzala ngaphakathi kwezinhlobo ezithile.
Izitha zemvelo zengwe yaseBengal
Isithombe: Bengal Tiger India
Kungenxa yomuntu ukuthi inani lamahlosi aseBengal lehle laya ezinombolweni eziphansi.
Izimbangela eziyinhloko zokuqothulwa yilezi:
- Ukuzingela;
- Ukuqedwa kwamahlathi ezindaweni zokuhlala.
Njengomphumela wokuzingela nokugawulwa kwamahlathi ezindaweni ezihlala ihlosi laseBengal, lesi silo esihle siyakhishwa endlini futhi sishiywe singadlile. Izikhumba zamahlosi nazo zibaluleke kakhulu, futhi yize kungekho emthethweni ukuzingela izinhlobo zezilwane ezisengozini, abazingeli abangekho emthethweni basazibulala lezi zilwane futhi bathengise izikhumba zabo emakethe emnyama yamaphenathi.
Abalondolozi bemvelo bathemba ukuthi bangasiza ekuvikeleni le nto ebhubhisayo ngokuvikela izinhlobo eziqiwini ezikwazi ukulandelela abantu kanye nokuvimba abazingeli.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ingwe yaseBengal ngokwemvelo
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1980, amaphrojekthi wokongiwa kwamahlosi aseBengal ayesekhuphukile kusuka ezindaweni eziyisishiyagalolunye kuya kweziyishumi nanhlanu, ezazisakazeke ngaphezulu kwamakhilomitha-skwele womhlaba angama-24,700. Ngo-1984, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi izingwe ezingaphezu kwe-1,100 zaseBengal zazihlala kulezi zindawo. Ngeshwa, lokhu kwanda kwenani akuzange kuqhubeke, futhi yize inani lamahlosi amaNdiya lafinyelela kuma-3,642 ngeminyaka yama-1990, laphinde lehla futhi laqoshwa lalingabalelwa ku-1,400 kusukela ngo-2002 kuya ku-2008.
Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lamashumi amabili nanye, uhulumeni waseNdiya waqala ukusungula izindawo zokugcina izilwane zasendle ezintsha eziyisishiyagalombili. Uhulumeni uzibophezele ekuxhaseni imali eyengeziwe eyi- $ 153 million yohlelo lweProject Tiger.
Le mali bekufanele ibambe iqhaza elibonakalayo ekwakheni umbutho wokuvikela amahlosi wokulwa nabazingeli bendawo. Uhlelo luthuthe abantu bendawo ababalelwa ku-200,000 ababehlala eduzane namahlosi aseBengal. Ukunciphisa ukuxhumana kwe-tiger-human kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokonga inani lalezi zinhlobo.
Izindlu ezweni labo lokuzalwa zinika ihlosi le-Bengal ukwesekwa uma kukhulunywa ngezinhlelo zokuzalela ezihlose ukukhulula amahlosi athunjiwe abuyele endle. Ingwe kuphela yaseBengal engagcinwanga e-zoo yaseNdiya insikazi evela eNyakatho Melika. Ukugcina iningi lamahlosi aseBengal eNdiya akugcini ngokusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukukhishwa okuphumelelayo kubuyele endle, kodwa futhi kusiza nokuqinisekisa ukuthi amagazi la mahlosi awahlanjululwa nezinye izinhlobo.
“Ukungcoliswa” kofuzo, njengoba kubizwa kanjalo, sekuvele kwenzeka kubantu bengwe kusukela ngo-1976 eTicicross Zoo eNgilandi. I-zoo iphakamise ihlosi lesifazane laseBengal yamnikela eDudhwa National Park eNdiya ukufakazela ukuthi amahlosi aseBengal athunjiwe angachuma endle. Njengoba kwenzeka, insikazi yayingeyona ihlosi elihlanzekile laseBengal.
Ukuvikelwa kwehlosi le-Bengal
Isithombe: Ingwe yaseBengal evela eRed Book
IProject Tiger, eyasungulwa okokuqala eNdiya ngo-1972, kuwumsebenzi owasungulwa ngenhloso yokonga izindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu kubhayoloji, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi inani lamahlosi aseBengal ahlala ezweni. Umqondo walomsebenzi bekuwukwakha inani elikhulu lamahlosi elizosabalala emahlathini angomakhelwane.
Ngawo lowo nyaka okwethulwa ngawo iProject Tiger eNdiya, uhulumeni waseNdiya waphasisa umthetho i-Wildlife Protection Act ka-1972. Lo mthetho wavumela izinhlaka zikahulumeni ukuthi zithathe izinyathelo ezibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kwengwe yaseBengal. Ngo-2004, uMnyango Wezemvelo Namahlathi eNdiya wagunyaza i-RS. Izigidi eziyi-13 zisetshenziselwe iphrojekthi ye-cartographic. Inhloso yephrojekthi ukubeka amamephu kuzo zonke izindawo ezigcinwa ehlathini eNdiya kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obufana namakhamera, izingibe, i-radio telemetry, nokubalwa kwezilwane ukucacisa ubukhulu besilinganiso samahlosi.
Ukufuya ngamabhele amahlosi aseBengal bekuqhubeka kusukela ngo-1880; kodwa-ke, ngeshwa, lokhu kusakazeka kaningi kuholela ekuxubeni okungafani kwama-subspecies. Ukwenza lula ukuzalaniswa kwamahlosi weBengal angenacala lapho evalelwe, kunencwadi yamahlosi aseBengal. Lo mthombo uqukethe amarekhodi awo wonke amahlosi aseBengal agcinwa ekuthunjweni.
Iphrojekthi yeRe-Wilding, iTiger Canyons, yaqalwa ngonyaka ka 2000 nguJohn Varti, ongumenzi wamafilimu wezilwane zasendle waseNingizimu Afrika. Ngokubambisana nesazi sezilwane uDave Salmoni, waqeqesha amawundlu amahlosi athunjiwe ukuzingela inyamazane futhi ahlobanise ukuzingela nokudla ukuze abuyisele umuzwa wokudla kula makati.
Inhloso yalo msebenzi bekuwukuthi amahlosi afunde ukuthi angazondla kanjani. Bazobe sebededelwa baye eSouth African Wildlife Refuge. Ngeshwa, iphrojekthi yabhekana nezithiyo eziningi futhi yathola ukugxekwa okuningi. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuziphatha kwamakati kwakwenziwa ngenhloso yokuqopha ifilimu. Lokhu kwakungeyona into ejabulisa kakhulu; wonke amahlosi awelwa namahlosi omugqa waseSiberia.
Ukulahleka kwengwe yaseBengal bekungeke kusho kuphela ukuthi umhlaba ulahlekelwe yizinhlobo zayo, kepha futhi kuzoba yingozi ku-ecosystem.Ngalesi sizathu, ukuhleleka okujwayelekile kwezinto, okubaluleke kakhulu ukulinganisela endle, kungaphazamiseka. Uma ngabe i-ecosystem ilahlekelwa esinye sezilwane ezinkulu kunazo zonke, uma kungenjalo esikhulu kunazo zonke, kuholela ezinxushunxushwini.
Isiphithiphithi semvelo singabonakala sincane ekuqaleni. Kodwa-ke, lesi simo sifana kakhulu nomphumela wovemvane, lapho ukulahleka kohlobo olulodwa kuholela ekwandeni kolunye, ngisho nezinguquko ezincane kakhulu kulesi simiso semvelo zizoholela ekulahlekelweni kwendawo yonke yomhlaba. Ingwe yaseBengal idinga usizo lwethu - lokhu kuncane umuntu angakwenza, njengohlobo oludale umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu kubantu bezilwane eziningi.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 01.02.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 16.09.2019 ngo-21: 11
