Namuhla kunzima ukuhlangana nomuntu ongakaze ezwe ngesilwane esinje ngokuthi ushaka omkhulu omhlophe... Lesi silwane sasendulo futhi esiyingqayizivele simbozwe ngomkhondo wobungozi nemfihlakalo, lapho i-cinema yanamuhla nabezindaba badlale khona indima ebalulekile.
Ngumbulali ononya futhi ongenasihe ngempela odlalela abantu? Kungani ushaka omkhulu omhlophe ubalwa phakathi kwezidalwa eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni? Inzalo yalo muntu oyimfihlakalo ayipheli kuze kube yilolu suku. Kunesinye isilwane esidla ngaphansi kwamanzi esithakazelisayo - whale shark. Funda, uzoyithanda.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: White Shark
Izwe lesimanje lesayensi alikwazi ukuvumelana ngalo mbuzo: bavelaphi oshaka abakhulu abamhlophe eMhlabeni? Abasekeli benye yezinkolelo-mbono bakholelwa ukuthi lena inzalo eqondile yenhlanzi enkulu yakudala - i-megaladon, eyaqothuka cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezintathu eyedlule. Ukhokho osolwayo wayenobukhulu obumangalisayo, namuhla okunzima ngisho nokukucabanga - ubude obungu-30 m nobunzima obungaphezu kwamathani angama-50.
Abamele umbono ophambene ngemvelaphi yoshaka abamhlophe banesiqiniseko sokuthi lesi silwane esiyingqayizivele sisaphila kuze kube namuhla ngenxa yokuvela kwesinye sezinhlobo ezingasekho zoshaka - imako. Zombili lezi zilwane zingezomndeni we-herring shark futhi zinesakhiwo esifanayo sezinyo. Ushaka omhlophe, noma njengoba ubizwa kanjalo kaningi - i-karcharodon, uyinhlanzi eqwashisayo, amathambo ayo angenawo amathambo aqinile, kepha aqukethe uqwanga oluthambile nolunwebekayo. Ngenxa yomzimba wayo ohlanjululwe, okhumbuza i-torpedo yokulwa, lo shark ungowokuhlelwa kwama-lamnifomu.
Naphezu kwezingxabano eziningi ezihlobene nemvelaphi koshaka omkhulu omhlophe, umphakathi wezesayensi uvumelana ngazwi linye - uyisilwane sasendulo esidala, esiyingozi, esinolaka futhi esihlakaniphe ngokweqile, okufundwayo okungakami kuze kube manje. Futhi lapho into yocwaningo iyingozi kakhulu, kulapho kuthakazelisa kakhulu ukuyibuka.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Amazinyo oshaka abamhlophe
Ushaka omkhulu omhlophe unomzimba we-torpedo onamandla okuhamba kalula, owuvumela ukuthi uhambe ngejubane elimangalisayo. Ikhanda elikhulu eliyindilinga, elizungezwe ngamehlo amancane, asethwe kude nepini lamakhala. Ama-groove amabili amancane ahogela ekhaleni lesilwane esidlayo, esivumela ukuthi sizwe ukuguquguquka okuncane emanzini kanye nephunga lesilwane ebangeni lamakhilomitha ambalwa.
Amaphiko emhlane nasesiswini soshaka omkhulu omhlophe avelele futhi avame ukubonakala ebusweni bamanzi. Amaphiko e-lateral, anal and pelvic akabonakali kangako, njengakubona bonke abamele lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi. Ama-gill slits amahlanu ajulile atholakala ngqo ngemuva kwekhanda ezinhlangothini zombili futhi avumela ukuphefumula.
Umbala kashaka omkhulu omhlophe awuphili ngokuvumelana negama lawo. Izingxenye ezisemuva nezingemuva kwesilwane zivame ukuba mpunga, nsundu, luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma luhlaza okotshani. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi ushaka ungabonakali ngokungabonakali kukholamu lamanzi. Kepha isisu sesilwane sasolwandle cishe simhlophe njalo noma sinobisi.
Phakathi kwezici ezivelele ezibeka ushaka omhlophe ngokulingana nezinye izilwane eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni, okulandelayo kungahlukaniswa:
- usayizi omkhulu;
- ushaka omhlophe osekhulile ekuphakameni kwawo ufinyelela kumamitha ama-4 - 5 ubude;
- abesifazane bavame ukuba bakhulu kakhulu kunabesilisa;
- isisindo somzimba wesilwane esidlayo sisuka ku-700 kuye ku-1000 kg. Kodwa-ke, umlando uyazi ngamacala okuhlangana noshaka amamitha ayi-7, 10 ngisho namamitha ayi-11 ubude. Kukhona izinganekwane ngobukhulu obungakholeki balesi siphepho sezilwandle. Kuze kube manje, ushaka omhlophe omkhulu kunazo zonke obanjiwe ubhekwa ngokusemthethweni ukuthi ubanjwe enetheni le-herring elisogwini lwaseCanada ngo-1930. Ubude balo muntu kwakungamamitha ayi-11 ngamasentimitha angama-30;
- umlomo obanzi uhlome ngamazinyo acijile. Ushaka omkhulu omhlophe unamazinyo angaba ngu-300 esewonke. Zifakwe izinhlangothi emaceleni, zivumela inkosikazi yazo ukuthi ibambe inyamazane ngokushesha nangobuhlakani, njengesaha noma imbazo. Amazinyo ahlelwe ngemigqa eminingana - imvamisa kunamahlanu awo. Kukho konke ukuphila koshaka, amazinyo akhe avuselelwa ngokuphelele amahlandla amaningi;
- ukungabi nesibhuku sokubhukuda. Lesi sici siphoqa ushaka omhlophe ukuthi uhlale unyakaza ngaphandle kokulala noma ukuphumula ukuze ungaminzi.
Uhlala kuphi ushaka omkhulu omhlophe?
Isithombe: Umlomo kashaka omhlophe
Ushaka omkhulu omhlophe uhlala cishe kuzo zonke izilwandle zomhlaba wethu, ngaphandle kwe-Arctic.
Esikhathini esiningi, lesi silwane esiyingozi singatholakala kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:
- California South Shore;
- Ugu lwaseNingizimu Afrika;
- EMexico;
- Australia;
- E-New Zealand.
Oshaka abaningi abamhlophe bakhetha ukuhlala ebusweni bamanzi bafudunyezwe yimisebe efudumele yelanga kuze kufike ku-15-25C. Ukuhlasela okushaqisa kakhulu kwalaba bazingeli basolwandle kwabhalwa emanzini angajulile. Akuvamile ukuthi zijule noma zingene emanzini abandayo olwandle oluvulekile, kepha lokhu akusho nakancane ukuthi azitholakali lapho.
Esinye sezici zikashaka omkhulu omhlophe yikhono laso noma nokuthanda kwalo ukufuduka okude. Ososayensi barekhode amacala lapho abanye abantu behamba amabanga amade kakhulu besuka kwelinye izwekazi beya kwelinye futhi bebuya. Isizathu sangempela salokhu kuhamba asikaziwa. Lokhu kungaba kokubili ukufisa ukuzala, kanye nokuseshwa kwamabhishi acebile ekudleni.
Ngokuvamile, ushaka omhlophe akahloniphi indawo yakhe nokuzala. Zimbalwa ezinye izimpilo zasolwandle ezingancintisana naye maqondana nokuzingela, ngakho-ke angazizwa njengomphathi wesimo kunoma yimaphi amanzi olwandle lomhlaba.
Yini edliwa ushaka omkhulu omhlophe?
Isithombe: Ubukhulu Obukhulu Boshaka Omhlophe
Kukhona umbono wokuthi ushaka angadla noma yini, ngaphandle kokunambitheka nosayizi. Lokhu kuyiqiniso, kwakukhona amacala lapho izinto ezazingalindelekile zitholakala esiswini soshaka abakhulu abamhlophe - kusuka emabhodleleni engilazi kuya emabhomu angaphansi kwamanzi. Kodwa-ke, uma sikhuluma ngokudla kwezilwane zalezi zilwane ezingenasibindi, khona-ke, okokuqala, izinhlanzi nezinhlanzi ezinhlobonhlobo nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene ziyavela. Abantu abasha badla inani elikhulu elincane, kepha, nokho, i-herring enonile futhi enomsoco, isardadi kanye ne-tuna. Njengoba ushaka omhlophe ukhula, imikhomo emincane, ihlengethwa eliyibhodlela, izimvu zamanzi namabhubesi asolwandle, nabanye oshaka baba ngamazinyo.
Kuyamangaza ukuthi umzingeli onekhono elinjalo akasoze alahla isidumbu, kanti ushaka unuka iphunga lawo elingachazeki ngamashumi amakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka lapho. Isidumbu esisodwa esibolayo somkhomo ofile singondla ushaka omkhulu omhlophe isikhathi esingangenyanga. Ikhono lokuzingela loshaka omkhulu omhlophe liyathakazelisa ngokukhethekile. Ngokubamba uphawu loboya, umhlaseli angabhukuda isikhathi eside kukholamu lamanzi, kube sengathi akayiboni inyamazane, abese egxuma ngokungazelelwe phezulu, abambe inyamazane ngokubamba imihlathi yayo enamandla. Lesi senzo siyamangalisa futhi siyabukeka ebuchwephesheni baso.
Ukuzingela ihlengethwa kubonakala kungamangalisi kangako - ushaka ubhukuda kancane kancane esuka ngemuva, ngaleyo ndlela evimba ikhono lehlengethwa lokuzungeza indawo elikuyo. Lokhu kungezinye zobufakazi obungenakuphikwa bokuthi lezi zilwane zasendulo zinobuhlakani obuthuthukile.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Great White Shark
Kwamukelwa ngokuvamile ukuthi ushaka omkhulu omhlophe uyisilwane esidla sodwa. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kuyiqiniso, kepha uma kuziwa ekuzingeleni kwasogwini, oshaka bangashayana ezikoleni zabantu ababili kuya kwabahlanu. Leli qembu lesikhashana linomholi oyedwa we-alpha, futhi amanye amalungu anikezwe izindima ngokusobala. Le nhlangano ifana kakhulu nokuzingelwa kwephakethe lempisi.
Ngokuqondene nobukhosi phakathi koshaka abamhlophe, lapha isimo siyathuthuka kumasiko amahle kakhulu emishado yasebukhosini. Abesifazane babusa abesilisa ngenxa yokuthi badlula kakhulu kubo ngosayizi. Izingxabano ezikhona eqenjini lezenhlalo zixazululwa ezingeni lokujeziswa okukhombisa ngendlela yokulunywa okuncane, okuxwayisayo.
Ngokungafani nozakwabo, ushaka omkhulu omhlophe kwesinye isikhathi ungaphakamisa ikhanda lakhe emanzini ukuze abone kangcono isisulu futhi ngokuvamile ahlole isimo. Leli khono elingajwayelekile lesilwane sasolwandle livame ukuboniswa kumadokhumentari nakumafilimu ezilwane zasendle, lapho indima yendoda ebulala amakhaza nokubala igxile ngokuqinile kukashaka omhlophe. Oshaka abamhlophe babhekwa ngokufanele njengabantu abaneminyaka eyikhulu ngaphansi kwamanzi. Iningi lazo liphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-70 noma ngaphezulu, ngaphandle kokuthi-ke, liwela kumanethiwekhi wabazingeli abangekho emthethweni noma lidliwe abanye, ngisho nabazingeli abaningi abomele igazi.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ushaka omhlophe omkhulu kunayo yonke
Oshaka abakhulu abamhlophe bakhetha ukuba bodwa ingxenye ebalulekile yempilo yabo. Imvelo yabo enegunya ayikubekezeleli ukuncintisana nokuphikisana, bakulungele ukuya kuphela ekubambisaneni okufushane ngenxa yejackpot enkulu ngesimo sebhubesi lolwandle noma umhlambi wamahlengethwa. Abesifazane abasoze bavumela abesilisa indima ye-alpha eqenjini lezenhlalo. Iqiniso elithandekayo ngukuthi amazimuzimu avela ngezikhathi ezithile phakathi koshaka abamhlophe.
Lapho inkampani yabadobi base-Australia ithole ithuba lokubuka umbono owethusayo, njengoba ushaka owodwa wamamitha ayisithupha ngomzuzu owodwa uluma omunye, omncane.
Oshaka abakhulu abamhlophe bathatha isikhathi eside ukuvuthwa ukuzala. Imvamisa, ikhono lokuzala kabusha kuzo livela kuphela eminyakeni engama-30 kwabesifazane nangeminyaka engama-25 kwabesilisa. Lezi zilwane ezidla ezinye zasolwandle zingaphansi komkhakha wezinhlanzi zeqanda ezivuthayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ushaka uphatha amaqanda avundiswe owesilisa phakathi nokukhulelwa esibelethweni sakhe kuze kube umzuzu wokuzalwa.
Umzimba kashaka omhlophe wesifazane wenzelwe ukuthwala imibungu emibili kuya kweyishumi nambili ngasikhathi. Kodwa-ke, esibelethweni, laba banqobi bezilwandle besikhathi esizayo baqala baziphathe njengababulali abazelwe. Abantu abanamandla badla ababuthakathaka, ngakho-ke ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, amawundlu amabili noma amathathu kuphela ahlala esaphila.
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa kukashaka omkhulu omhlophe sihlala izinyanga eziyishumi nanye ezigcwele. Ngemuva kokuzalwa, abantu abasha baqala ukuzingela bodwa futhi abanamathele kunina. Ngeshwa, akuwona wonke amawundlu enzelwe ukuhlala ukuze abone usuku lwawo lokuqala lokuzalwa. Ulwandle lunonya futhi luyabenyanya ubuthakathaka. Zonke lezi zinto, kufaka phakathi ukuthomba isikhathi eside, isikhathi eside sokukhulelwa, kanye nezinga eliphansi lokuzalwa, kungezinye zezizathu eziyisisekelo zokuqothulwa okuseduze kwalesi silwane esingajwayelekile.
Izitha zemvelo zikashaka omkhulu omhlophe
Isithombe: White Shark
Bambalwa abangaba nesibindi sokubamba iqhaza lesitha esifungelwe sesilwane esesabekayo njengoshaka omkhulu omhlophe. Kodwa-ke, imvelo ihlakaniphe kakhulu futhi kuzo zonke izenzo kuhlale kunamandla okuphikisa. Uma uhlaziya impilo olwandle ngokuningiliziwe, ungabona "izitha" zemvelo zikashaka omkhulu omhlophe:
- abanye oshaka - njengoba sekuphawuliwe, lezi zidlakela azikudeleli ukudla kwabantu, noma zingalimaza ozalweni lwazo ngenqubo yokuncintisana;
- killer whales - lolu hlobo lomkhomo luyingozi kakhulu kubo bobabili oshaka nezinye izakhamizi zolwandle. Bayashesha, bahlakaniphile, banobudlelwano futhi banamandla kakhulu. Umphumela wokulwa phakathi komkhomo obulalayo noshaka omkhulu omhlophe kungenzeka ungalindeleka.
- inhlanzi ye-hedgehog - lo mhlali obonakala engenabungozi olwandle olujulile angadala ukufa kabuhlungu koshaka omkhulu omhlophe. Ingena emlonyeni wesilwane esidla ezinye, le nhlanzi i-hedgehog ikhukhumala ibe nosayizi obabazekayo, ilimaze umphimbo kashaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umzimba wakhe umbozwe ameva anobuthi, okuholela kancane kancane ekudakweni nasekufeni okubuhlungu kwesilwane esidlayo.
- womuntu - ngeshwa, emphakathini wanamuhla ophucukile, kunezigameko eziningi zokubulala ngamabomu oshaka abakhulu abamhlophe ngenxa yamaphiko abo, amazinyo, izimbambo noma ilukuluku lokungenzi lutho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udumo lukashaka - umuntu odla abantu, lusekelwe ngokuqinile kulezi zilwane ezidla ezinye zasolwandle, okuqhubeka nokuvusa ulaka lwabantu. Ngempela, amacala okuhlaselwa kwabantu awavamile kangako, kepha kufanele kuqashelwe iqiniso lokuthi abatshuzi, abagwedli bamanzi kanye nabadobi abazange balandele izindlela zokuphepha eziyisisekelo ezindaweni ezihlala oshaka abamhlophe. Iqiniso ukuthi kusukela ekujuleni komuntu untanta ebhodini noma esikebheni ubukeka kakhulu njengengonyama yolwandle noma uphawu. Ushaka umane udidanise abantu nempango yakhe ejwayelekile.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Giant White Shark
Namuhla, inani eliphelele laboshaka abakhulu abamhlophe cishe lingabantu abangama-3500. Iningi lalezi zilwane ezinamabala amhlophe selizinze ngaseDyer Island (South Africa). Kulapha lapho kwenziwa khona izifundo eziningi ze-ichthyological, lapho sazi okuningi ngokuphila kwale nhlobo kashaka.
Kuyihlazo ukuvuma, kepha okwamanje lesi silwane esidume ngokubabazekayo sisengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Ingxenye yesithathu yenani eliphelele loshaka abakhulu abamhlophe iqothulwa ngabantu ngenxa yobuwula, ukuhaha nokungazi. Amaphiko kaShaka abizwa ngezindawo zokuphilisa; abanye odokotela babikezela amandla abo okunqoba umdlavuza nezinye izifo ezibulalayo.
Phakathi kwabomdabu baseNingizimu Afrika, ukubulala ushaka omhlophe kuthathwa njengesibonakaliso esiphezulu sesibindi. Amazinyo esilwane esinqotshiwe ngokuvamile aba umhlobiso we-totem. Isimo sengqondo esijwayelekile salabahlali basolwandle sikhuthazwa izindaba eziningi ezimayelana nokuhlaselwa ngonya koshaka abamhlophe kubantu. Kodwa-ke, ingabe kuvumelekile ukusola izilwane zasendle ukuthi thina ngokwethu sihlasela indawo yaso ngobuqili? Impendulo iyadumaza futhi isivele ifakiwe emakhasini e-International Red Book. Oshaka abakhulu abamhlophe bayaqhubeka nokunyamalala futhi le nqubo mhlawumbe ngeke imiswe.
Ukulondolozwa koshaka abakhulu abamhlophe
Isithombe: Great White Shark
Lesi silwane esidala sinelungelo lokuvikelwa umhlaba wonke. Indima kashaka omhlophe esimisweni semvelo sezilwandle zomhlaba ayinakulinganiswa ngokweqile. Bona, njengezimpisi ehlathini, badlala indima yokuhleleka kokujula kolwandle, belawula inani lezilwane nezinhlanzi. Ukunyamalala kwesixhumanisi esisodwa kungaholela ekubhujisweni kwalo lonke uchungechunge lokudla.
Ukwehla kwesibalo soshaka abamhlophe kubonakala emakhasini e-International Red Book. Zisezingeni elifanayo nezimfudu ezisengcupheni, imikhomo yesidoda nama-manatee. Njengoba wazi, inani elinciphayo lezilwane ezinamabala amhlophe lithinteka kabi ngokuziphatha komuntu okungenangqondo. Umphakathi wokongiwa komhlaba wonke uzama ukulungisa lesi simo ngokunikeza izibonelelo eziyizigidi zamadola nezinhlelo ezikhethekile ezihlose ukusindisa oshaka abakhulu abamhlophe.
Izazi ze-Ichthyologists - izazi zofuzo isikhathi eside bezama ukwenza kabusha i-genotype yalezi zilwane ezinamandla ukuze zizame ukukhulisa ingxenye yabantu ezimweni ezenziwe ngobuciko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imakethe yomhlaba wonke ibeke i-veto ejwayelekile ekuthengeni nasekuthengisweni kwenyama kashaka. Kwethenjwa ukuthi lezi zinyathelo zizosiza imvelo igcine ukulinganisela kwayo kwemvelo kanye noshaka abakhulu abamhlophe njengengxenye ebalulekile yayo.
Abanqobi bolwandle olujulile akumele bavunyelwe ukuthi banyamalale ngokungaphenduki. Ushaka omkhulu omhlophe yasinda ezigidini zeminyaka yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, izinhlekelele zemvelo ezabulala izilwane eziningi zasendulo, kepha umuntu waba namandla. Kusemandleni ethu ukuchaza la mandla ngendlela efanele futhi siqale indlela yokudalwa nokulondolozwa kwalokho esinakho.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 01.02.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/18/2019 ngo-21: 18
