Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-300 - lolu uhlu oluhlanganisa zonke izinyoni zaseKrasnodar Territory, kanti ingxenye yesihlanu yazo ifakiwe kwiRed Book yasendaweni.
Izici zezilwane nesimo sezulu
IKrasnodar Territory, enweba eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeNorth Caucasus, ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi yiKuban - ngemuva komfula omkhulu onemingenela eminingi yangakwesobunxele. Umfula uhlukanisa isifunda, ebesithatha ama-75.5 ayizinkulungwane zamakhilomitha², sibe izingxenye ezimbili - eningizimu (intaba / intaba) nenyakatho (ithafa).
Imifula eminingi emincane yengezwa echibini lase-Abrau, elikhulu kunawo wonke eNyakatho Caucasus, amachibi amancane e-karst, kanye namachibi omfula ajwayelekile ogwini loLwandle lwase-Azov naseTaman Peninsula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulwandle i-Azov lubhebhetheka enyakatho-ntshonalanga yesifunda, kanye noLwandle Olumnyama eningizimu-ntshonalanga. Kunezintaba-mlilo ezingaphezu kuka-30 ezisebenzayo nezingasekho kule nhlonhlo.
Ukukhululeka kweNhlonhlo YaseTaman kubhekwa njengokubi ngenxa yokushintshana kwezindawo eziphansi ezingasogwini nezinhlanya ezisentshonalanga zeGreater Caucasus, amadwala omfula, amabhange emifula namachibi asezilwandle. Ngokuvamile, amathafa alandisa cishe ngo-2/3 wensimu yesifunda.
Isimo sezulu lapha sinesimo sezulu esipholile kakhulu, siphenduka iMedithera eyomile kancane ogwini ukusuka e-Anapa kuya eTuapse, nasendaweni efudumele enomswakama - eningizimu yeTuapse.
Ukwahlukaniswa kwezimo zezulu okuphezulu kakhulu kuyaziwa ezintabeni. Isimo sezulu sishintsha ngokuphawulekayo unyaka wonke: ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa kujwayelekile, kufaka phakathi okungapheli, inkathi kanye nenyanga. I-Krasnodar Territory ibonakala ngobusika obuncane kanye nehlobo elishisayo, eliheha izilwane eziningi ezithanda ukushisa, kufaka phakathi izinyoni.
Izinyoni zasehlathini
Amahlathi ahlanganisa cishe amahektha ayizigidi eziyi-1.5, okulingana no-22.4% wendawo yesifunda. I-Hardwoods (i-oki ne-beech) igcwele eKuban - ngaphezulu kwama-85%, ngenkathi ama-conifers enza ngaphansi kuka-5%. Izinyoni zasehlathini zihlala emahlathini abanzi futhi anezintaba amnyama anamahlathi amakhulu ane-spruce ne-fir.
I-grouse emnyama yaseCaucasus
Inyoni yasentabeni ehlala endaweni yomqansa waseCaucasus (kuze kufike ku-2.2 km ngaphezu kogu lolwandle) futhi ithanda ukwakha isidleke emaphethelweni ehlathi, ezihlahleni ezikhule kakhulu. I-grouse emnyama yaseCaucasia incane kune-grouse ejwayelekile: abesilisa banamaphimpi amnyama, acishe amnyama anomngcele omhlophe ezansi kwamaphiko nezimpaphe zomsila ezigoqiwe ezithombeni. Izinsikazi zifiphele kunabesilisa, zikhanga ngokwengeziwe futhi zinemibala egqamile.
Umbala wokuzivikela usiza ukufihla ezitheni - i-grouse emnyama indiza ngokungafuni, kulula kuye ukulinda, ecashe phakathi kwezihlahla.
Ukudla kubuswa uhlaza:
- izinaliti;
- amajikijolo omjunipha;
- amajikijolo;
- i-lingonberry;
- crowberry;
- imbewu ehlukahlukene.
Izinaliti ziba ukudla okuyinhloko ebusika beqhwa lapho ezinye izitshalo zingatholakali. Izinambuzane zithathwa izinyoni ehlobo ukondla amaphuphu azo.
Ukhozi olusegolide
Inyoni eziqhoshayo evela emndenini woKlebe, ekhetha amahlathi azalela amawa anamawa, lapho kunzima khona ukuthi izidlakela zomhlaba zifinyelele kuzo. Izinkozi zegolide zihlala endaweni futhi zihlala phansi, zihambisana nezindawo zazo, lapho zakha khona izidleke nokuzingela.
Ukhozi olusagolide lunezimpaphe ezimnyama ansundu, kodwa izimpaphe zegolide ziyabonakala ngemuva kwekhanda. Amancane anezimpaphe ezimhlophe ngaphansi komsila nangaphansi kwamaphiko (umbala uba mnyama njengoba ekhula). Ama-fenders abanzi enzelwe ukuhambisa phezulu / ukuhambisa nokufinyelela ku-2m ngobubanzi.
Imenyu yokhozi lwegolide ayiqukethe umdlalo osanda kubanjwa (amagundane amancane, amadada nezinkukhu), kodwa futhi nezidumbu.
Ukhozi olubizwa ngegolide lubhekwa njengesidalwa esiphakeme esingenazo izitha endle. Ezinye izidla inyama azizingeli izinyoni ezindala, kanti izidleke zezinkozi zegolide zifihlwe phezulu futhi zivikelekile.
Ukhozi lwesinqe
Siphethe isihloko esingashiwongo sokhozi oluncane kunazo zonke emhlabeni, sikhula sibe sikhulu khudlwana kunekhayithi elinesisindo esingu-1-1.3 kg, kuthi abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane. Izidleke zayo emahlathini aminyene nasezihlahleni, lapho, ngenxa yokuxinana kwayo, ihamba kalula phakathi kwamagatsha. Ngokuya ngomsindo owandile wezimpaphe (okhanyayo noma omnyama), ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezi-2.
Ukhozi olufushane lunemilenze eqinile, enezimpiko ngokuphelele enezinzipho ezigobile noqhwaku oluqinile, elizingela ngalo ukuzingela. Imenyu yesilwane esidala ifaka izilwane ezincelisayo, izinyoni nezilwane ezihuquzelayo:
- hares kanye gophers;
- amagundane amancane;
- ama-lark nezinkanyezi;
- izinyoni ezimnyama nondlunkulu;
- ufudu namajuba;
- amatshwele kanye namaqanda ezinyoni;
- izibankwa nezinyoka;
- izinambuzane, ezifana nomuhlwa (ngesikhathi sasebusika).
Lutshuza ngenyoka enoshevu, ukhozi luyibulala ngokushaya ekhanda ngomlomo, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi nalo lufa ngokulunywa noma lungaboni.
Izinyoni ze-steppe
I-steppe ye-Krasnodar Territory ifinyelela eziqongweni zezintaba zeGreater Caucasus nasogwini loLwandle Olumnyama, oluseningizimu ye-Anapa. Izinyoni eziningi zezikhala ezivulekile zifakiwe kwiRed Book of the Kuban.
I-Bustard
Lo mmeli womndeni we-bustard uhlala ngokuzithandela emazweni angazalwanga muntu, emaqeleni nasehlane eliwugwadule, engatholi ubunzima bokuswela umswakama ngesikhathi sesomiso. I-bustard encane ilingana nesikhukhukazi esivamile, kepha inemibala ethandekayo, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngendoda ngesikhathi sokuzala - amaphiko anombala onsundu (phezulu), isifuba esikhanyayo / phansi nentamo evulekile ehlotshiswe "ngemigexo" emnyama namhlophe.
Endaweni yogu loLwandle Olumnyama ama-bustard amancane avela maphakathi no-Ephreli futhi akha ama-pair, abeka amaqanda ayi-3-4, okuvela kuwo amachwane ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu.
Kuyathakazelisa. I-bustard encane yesifazane ivame ukufa ngaphansi kwamasondo kagandaganda futhi ihlangane, njengoba ihlala ngokuzithandela ku-clutch, ivikela inzalo.
Ukuthandwa kokudla kwama-bustard amancane kukhawulelwe ezinambuzaneni nasezimileni (amahlumela, imbewu nezimpande). Ukufuduka kwezinyoni zasebusika kuqala ekupheleni kukaSepthemba, kuphele maphakathi noNovemba.
Inyoka
Kuyaziwa nangokuthi ukhozi lwenyoka, noma i-cracker. Uphatha abantu ngokuxwaya ngokweqile, besabe futhi bangathembi. Eningizimu, ihlala emahlathini nasezindaweni ezivulekile ezomile, lapho kunezihlahla ngazinye ezilungele ukwakha izidleke. Ukukhula kwabantu abadla izinyoka akuyona ngaphezu kwe-0.7 m enamaphiko wamamitha ayi-1.6-1.9. Abesilisa nabesifazane banemibala efanayo, kepha eyokuqala imvamisa incane kuneyokugcina.
Igama lohlobo lutshela ngempango eliyithandayo, kepha kanye nezinyoka, umqaphi uzingela ezinye izilwane ezihuquzelayo nezilwane eziphila ezweni, kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo nezinyoni zasendle.
Akulula ukuthi inyoka yondle inzalo. Iphuphu uqobo lwalo lidonsa inyoka ecishe yagwinywa ngumzali kusuka emphinjeni ngomsila. Isikhathi senqubo sincike ebude benyoka. Lapho isisulu seluliwe, siqala ukugwinywa (kusuka ekhanda), okuthatha cishe isigamu sehora nangaphezulu.
I-Steppe kestrel
Isidlakela esincane somndeni we-falcon. Kubukeka sengathi i-kestrel ejwayelekile, kepha ingaphansi kwayo ngosayizi, ihlukile futhi ekwakhekeni kwephiko, ukuma komsila nemininingwane yezimpaphe.
Emakoloni okwakha izidleke, i-steppe kestrel inomsindo impela: le mfanelo inyuka kaningi ngesikhathi sokukhwelana nangemva kokuba amachwane esehambile. Imenyu yezinyoni ifaka phakathi izilwane ezahlukahlukene (ezinezinambuzane ze-orthoptera):
- izinkumbi nojekamanzi;
- izintethe nezinyendle;
- amabhere namabhungane;
- ama-centipedes nofezela;
- amagundane amancane (entwasahlobo);
- ezihuquzelayo ezincane;
- umuhlwa, izimpethu zase-Afrika (ubusika).
Imvamisa izingela amaphakethe, indizela phansi ngaphezu kwezintaba. Ubamba izinkumbi ngezintethe, zigijime emhlabathini. Kwesinye isikhathi ukusutha kuphenduka ukuminza, lapho umthamo wokugwinya uphazamisa ukusuka ngokushesha.
Izinyoni zasogwini
Lesi sigaba sezinyoni sahlala ngasogwini lweKuban nemifula yangakwesobunxele (iLaba, iUrup, iBelaya nabanye), echibini laseKrasnodar, kanye noLwandle Olumnyama kanye noAzov (nemifula yabo emincane). Izinhlobo ezithile zihlala ezindaweni ezisogwini zemilambo, amachibi e-karst cishe. Abrau.
Isiponji
Inyoni efudukayo yomndeni we-ibis, ecishe ifane ne-heron, kodwa enomusa kakhulu kunayo. Isici esiphawuleka kakhulu uqhwaku oluyisicaba, olunwetshiwe ngasekugcineni. I-Spoonbill imbozwe ngokuphelele ngezimpaphe ezimhlophe, lapho imilenze emide emnyama nomlomo omnyama ugqamile. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, izinyoni zithola isigaxa sesici: kwabesifazane sifushane kunabesilisa.
I-Spoonbill idla ama-annelids, izibungu zezinambuzane, ama-crustaceans, amaxoxo, inhlanzi ethosiwe, kwesinye isikhathi ishintshela ezitshalweni zasemanzini. Ukhetha imithonseyana yomhlanga eduze namachibi lapho angahlala khona, akuvamile ukuba kube nezindawo zeminyezane. Izidleke zayo emakoloni, imvamisa esondelene nezinye izinhlobo, isibonelo, ibis noma izindwandwe.
Isinkwa
Kungumndeni we-ibis. Ithanda ukubhukuda eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi amasha nezinosawoti omncane, iziziba kanye namaxhaphozi, kanye nasemanzini angajulile nezimfunda ezigcwele amanzi. Isinkwa sihlala emakoloni amakhulu anezinyoni ezifana nama-pelican, ama-spoonbill nama-heron. Bachitha ubusuku ezihlahleni.
Yinyoni elingene emaphakathi enezimpaphe ezigqamile ezinsundu, ezisuswe ngombala oluhlaza / onsomi emsileni nasemaphikweni. Abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane futhi bathweswe umqhele obonakalayo.
Isinkwa sifuna izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla zasemanzini (izingwe, izinambuzane nezibungu), ngezikhathi ezithile zidla izinhlanzi ezincane nezilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini. Izidleke ze-ibex zicekelwa phansi izithiyo zohlobo lwe-marsh kanye namagwababa afakwe izigqoko, izindunduma eziningi zibhujiswa yizikhukhula, imimoya enamandla nalapho umhlanga / umhlanga ushiswa khona.
Osprey
Kuyingxenye yokuhleleka okufana noklebe futhi kutholakala kuwo womabili ama-hemispheres oMhlaba. Idla izinhlanzi (99% yokudla kwayo), yingakho ihlala phansi eduze kwamachibi, amaxhaphozi, imifula namachibi. Zakha ezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo izilwane ezidla phansi - eziqhingini ezincane, ngaphezulu kwamanzi, ezihlahleni ezomile, emaboys - lapho kungenzeka khona ukwakha isidleke esivuthayo esifinyelela ku-1 m ububanzi kanye no-0.7 m ukuphakama.
I-osprey iguqulelwa ukudoba umkhonto. It has eside (ngokumelene ingemuva ezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama) ngezidladla, ahlome ayizindilinga futhi uzipho lwalugobile. Umunwe wangaphandle ubheke emuva ukuze kugcinwe izinhlanzi ezishelelayo, futhi ama-valve ekhaleni avimba amanzi ukuba angatshuzi.
Izinyoni zasemanzini
Indawo yokuhlala yalezi zinyoni ihambisana nezindawo zokuhlala zezinyoni ezisogwini - yonke le yimifula, amachibi, izilwandle kanye nezindawo zokugcina amanzi zaseKrasnodar Territory. Amanzi kuphela kubo ayinto ethandekayo futhi eseduze.
Chegrava
Inyoni enkulu evela emndenini we-gull kuze kufike ku-0.6 m ubude enesisindo esifinyelela ku-700 g namaphiko afinyelela ku-1.4 m.Izici ezihlukile ngumlomo oqinile obomvu, izimpaphe ezimhlophe, imilenze nsundu ngombala nomsila wemfoloko kancane. Abesifazane nabancane banemibala efanayo. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, ibharethi elimnyama lihlobisa ikhanda.
Iqiniso. Ibeka amaqanda kanye ngonyaka. I-Clutch (amaqanda ama-2-3) achanyuselwa ngabazali bobabili ngokushintshana.
I-Gegravs idala amakoloni eziqhingini nasogwini lolwandle olunesihlabathi, futhi lapho indiza ishaya kancane amaphiko ayo (hhayi njengamanye ama-tern). Ukudla okuhle kakhulu yinhlanzi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi igogo idla izinambuzane, amagundane amancane, amatshwele / amaqanda ezinye izinyoni.
Chomga
Uyisihlalo esikhulu sezwane. Le nyoni ilingana nedada, inentamo enhle nomlomo oqondile, opendwe ngemibala emithathu - omhlophe, obomvu nomnyama. Ingubo yomshado weGreyhound igcwaliswa "umgexo" obomvu kanye nezindwangu zamaphaphe amnyama ekhanda.
I-Great Crested Grebes yakha izidleke ezintantayo (kusuka emhlangeni nase-cattails) efinyelela ku-0.6 m ububanzi no-0.8 m ukuphakama, lapho abesifazane bebeka amaqanda ama-3-4. Ishiya isidleke, i-Greater Greater ayikhohlwa ukumboza i-clutch ngezitshalo zasemanzini, iyivikele elangeni eliqondile nasezivakashi eziyingozi.
Umama uthwala amaphuphu achanyuselwe emhlane amasonto ama-2, kwesinye isikhathi angene nawo emanzini. I-Grebe enhle kakhulu icwila futhi ibhukuda kahle, ithola ukudla okuyinhloko - izinhlanzi nezinhlanzi. Indiza kahle futhi ngokushesha, kepha, kuphela uma kunesidingo.
Izinyoni Zencwadi Ebomvu
IRed Data Book yokuqala yaseKrasnodar Territory yashicilelwa ngo-1994, kodwa yathola isimo esisemthethweni eminyakeni eyi-7 kuphela kamuva. Uhlelo lwakamuva lweRed Data Book lwesifunda luhlaziya isimo sezilwane zeRF, izinsongo (zangempela nezabikezelwa) ukwehlukahlukana kwazo, ikakhulukazi ezinhlanzini ezihlala eKuban.
Okubalulekile. Manje eRed Book of Krasnodar Region kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-450 zezitshalo / izilwane zasendaweni, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezingama-56 zezinyoni ezingandile nezisengozini yokuqothuka.
Uhlu lwezinto ezivikelwe lubandakanya i-loon enentamo emnyama, i-pelican egobile, i-crested cormorant, i-cormorant encane, i-spoonbill, ibis ecwebezelayo, onogolantethe abamhlophe nabamnyama, ihansi elibomvu, idada ledada, i-steppe harrier, ukhozi olumfushane, idada elinamehlo amhlophe, ukhozi lwenyoka, i-osprey, ukhozi olunomsila omhlophe Ukhozi olunamabala, inqe le-griffon, ukhozi omnyama, inqe, inqevu, i-peregrine falcon, i-steppe kestrel, i-snowcock yaseCaucasus, i-crane empunga, i-grouse emnyama yaseCaucasus, i-grouse yaseSiberia, i-belladonna, i-bustard, i-avdotka, i-bustard encane, i-golden plover, i-sea plover enkulu , idlelo ne-steppe tirkushki, i-gull-headed gull and gull, i-sea dove, i-gull, i-gull-billed ne-tern encane, i-eagle owl, i-lark yehlathi kanye ne-lark enezimpondo, i-grey shrike, i-kinglet enekhanda elibomvu, i-wall-crawler, i-lentil enkulu, ukuklolodela okuphaphathekile, i-motley-foot-footed-thrush futhi idliwe.
