Manje kunezinyoni ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyikhulu ezihlala emhlabeni wethu, eziningi zazo ezakha isigaba esikhulu “sezinyoni zasehlathini”.
Amaqembu ezinyoni endaweni
Ama-Ornithologists ahlukanisa amaqembu ama-4, okunamathiselwe kwawo kuma-biotopu athile kubonakala ikakhulu ngokubukeka. Izinyoni ezihlala osebeni lwamanzi (kufaka phakathi amaxhaphozi) zinemilenze emide nezintamo, okwenza kube lula ukuthola ukudla enhlabathini enamathelayo.
Izinyoni zamathafa avulekile kungenzeka ukuthi ziqale izindiza ezinde, ngakho-ke zinikezwe amaphiko aqinile, kepha amathambo alula. Izinyoni zamanzi zidinga ithuluzi elinamandla lokubamba izinhlanzi, eliba uqhwaku olukhulu oluqinile kuzo. Izinyoni zasehlathini, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisenyakatho nezipholile, ngokuvamile azinazo izintamo, zinekhanda elincane elinamehlo atholakala ezinhlangothini, nezitho zomzimba ezimfushane.
Amaqembu emvelo wezinyoni ngohlobo lokudla
Futhi lapha izinyoni zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ama-4: ngayinye ayinakho okuthandayo kuphela kwe-gastronomic, kodwa futhi ine-toolkit ekhethekile, kanye nezindlela zobuqili zokuzingela. Ngendlela, izinyoni zehlathi ziwela kuzo zonke izigaba ezaziwayo:
- izinambuzane (isibonelo, amabele noma ama-pikas) - zinomlomo omncane omncane ocijile ongena emifantwini emincane bese ususa izinambuzane emaqabungeni;
- i-herbivorous / granivorous (njenge-shurov) - ihlome ngomlomo oqinile okwazi ukubhoboza igobolondo elicinene;
- isilwane esidlayo (isibonelo, ukhozi) - imilenze yaso eqinile enezinzipho ezinamandla noqhwaku olumise okwe-hook zenzelwe ukubamba umdlalo omncane;
- ama-omnivores (njengezibhebhe) - athole uqhwaku olumise okwekhoni kusukela ekuzalweni, olwenziwe lwahluka ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zokudla.
Ukuze zingawi emagatsheni lapho zifuna ukudla, izinyoni zasehlathini eziyizinambuzane (amabele, amabhungane, ama-pikas, ama-warblers, nezinye) zisebenzisa iminwe emide enezipho ezicijile. Izinyoni ze-Granivorous (i-pike, i-greenfinches, i-grosbeaks nezinye) zichoboza nezithelo eziqinile ze-bird cherry ne-cherry, nama-crossbill aneziphetho ezicijile zebhomu le-cruciform likhipha imbewu ngobunono kukaphayini kanye ne-spruce cones.
Kuyathakazelisa. Abazingeli bezinambuzane zasemoyeni, izinkonjane nezinguzunga, ezinomlomo ohlonipheke kakhulu, zime eceleni. Kepha banesikhala esikhulu emlonyeni (amakona aso aya ngemuva kwamehlo), lapho "badweba khona" izindiza ezindizayo.
Izici ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa izinyoni ezidliwayo zehlathi (izikhova, ama-buzzards, ama-shrikes nabanye) - umbono omuhle kakhulu, ukuzwa okuhle kakhulu nokukwazi ukuhamba ehlathini lehlathi.
Ukwehlukaniswa ngohlobo lokufuduka
Ngokuya ngobukhona / ukungabi bikho kohambo nebanga labo, izinyoni zasehlathini zihlukaniswe ukuhlala phansi, ukuzulazula kanye nokufuduka. Ngokulandelayo, kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa konke ukufuduka kube yizindiza (ekwindla nasentwasahlobo), kanye nokuzula (ekwindla-ebusika nasemva kokuzalela). Izinyoni ezifanayo zingaba ukufuduka noma ukuhlala phansi, okunqunywa yizimo zokuhlala kwazo ebangeni.
Izinyoni ziphoqeleka ukuthi zishaye umgwaqo lapho:
- ubumpofu bokuphakelwa kokudla;
- ukunciphisa amahora emini;
- ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa lomoya.
Isikhathi sokufuduka ngokuvamile sinqunywa ubude bomzila. Kwesinye isikhathi izinyoni zibuya kamuva ngenxa yokuthi zikhethe izindawo zobusika ezikude ukuphumula.
Kuyathakazelisa. Akuzona zonke izinyoni zasehlathini ezihamba ngendiza. I-grouse eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ihamba amabanga amade ... ngezinyawo. Indlela efanayo isetshenziswa yi-emu, ehamba amashumi amakhilomitha ifuna amanzi ngesikhathi sesomiso.
Ukufuduswa kwesizini kwenziwa kokubili amabanga amade namifushane. Ngenxa yokufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile, izinyoni zehlathi zihlala kulezo zindawo ezingakulungele ukuthuthukiswa ngezinye izikhathi zonyaka.
Izinyoni ezifudukayo zehlathi
Emahlathini ezwe lethu, izinyoni ezifudukayo zigcwele, zihamba ngaseningizimu zodwa (onogwaja, izidlo zasemini, nezinye), ngemihlambi emincane noma emikhulu. Ama-Orioles, ama-swifts, ama-lentils kanye ne-swallows yizona zokuqala ezindiza zaya ebusika, futhi ngaphambi kwezulu elibandayo - amadada, amahansi nama-swans.
Imihlambi indiza ezindaweni eziphakemeyo ezihlukile: abadlulayo - abekho ngaphezu kwamashumi ambalwa wamamitha ngesivinini esifinyelela ku-30 km / h, emikhulu - endaweni ephakemeyo efinyelela ku-1 km, ishesha ize ifike ku-80 km / h. Ukuhamba ngaseningizimu nokubuyela ekhaya, izinyoni ezifudukayo zinamathela emizileni yokufuduka, ziqoqana ezindaweni ezithandekayo zemvelo. Indiza iqukethe izingxenye eziningana, ezifakwe ekuphumuleni kwesikhashana, lapho izihambi zithola amandla nokuphakelwa.
Kuyathakazelisa. Uma inyoni incane, lifushane ibanga yena nozakwabo abangalikhokha ngaphandle kokuma: izinhlobo ezincane zindiza ngaphandle kokuphumula amahora angaba ngu-70-90, zimboza ibanga elingafika kumakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezine.
Indlela yokundiza yomhlambi neyinyoni ngayinye ingahluka kuye ngesizini. Izinhlobo eziningi ezinkulu zigobhozela emihlanjini yezinyoni eziyi-12-20, ezifana nesigaxa esimise okwe-V: leli lungiselelo lisiza ukunciphisa izindleko zamandla abo. Izinhlobo ezithile zamakhukhamba asezindaweni ezishisayo nazo zamukelwa njengokufuduka, ngokwesibonelo, ukhokho omncane ohlala e-Afrika, kodwa udleke kuphela eNdiya.
Izinyoni ezihlala ehlathini
Lokhu kufaka phakathi labo abangajwayele ukufuduka ibanga elide futhi abajwayele ukuhlala ebusika ezindaweni zabo zomdabu - onogwaja, amagwababa, izikhova, amantongomane, amajayi, amajuba, ondlunkulu, abagawuli bezinkuni nabanye. Izidleke eziningi edolobheni noma endaweni ezungezile, okuchazwa ngokungabikho kwezitha zemvelo eziyingozi kanye nenani elanele lokudla okutholakalayo. Esikhathini sezulu esibandayo, izinyoni ezihlala phansi zisondela ezakhiweni zokuhlala ukuze zithole ithuba lokufuna imfucuza yokudla. Izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo ezishisayo zihlala phansi.
Izinyoni zehlathi ezingamahlathi
Leli yigama lezinyoni ezihamba ziyofuna ukudla ezindaweni ngezindawo ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa. Ukufuduka okunjalo, ngenxa yesimo sezulu kanye nokutholakala kokudla, akunayo imvelo yokujikeleza, yingakho kungathathwa njengokufuduka (yize kunamakhulu ngisho nezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha ambozwe izinyoni eziyimizulane ekugcineni kokuzalela).
Abaqaphi bezinyoni baphinde bakhulume ngokufuduka okufushane, okubahlukanisa kukho kokubili ukufuduka okude futhi kubune. Yize leli fomu eliphakathi liphawuleka ngokungaguquguquki kwalo, ngasikhathi sinye kushiwo ukufunwa kokudla nezimo zezulu eziguqukayo. Izinyoni ziyenqaba ukufuduka okufushane uma ubusika bufudumele futhi kunokudla okuningi ehlathini.
Ensimini yezwe lethu, izinyoni zamahlathi ezihambahamba zihlanganisa:
- amabele;
- ama-nutchches;
- iziphambano;
- siskin;
- shchurov;
- izinkunzi zezinkunzi;
- ama-wax, njll.
Kumele futhi kubhekwe ukuthi emkhakheni oseningizimu webanga lawo, igwababa elifakwe izigqoko kanye ne-rook (ngokwesibonelo) kuzohola impilo yokuhlala phansi, kepha lizulazula enyakatho. Izinyoni eziningi ezishisayo zindiza phakathi nenkathi yezimvula. Umele umndeni we-kingfisher, i-alcyone yaseSenegal, uthuthela enkabazwe ngesikhathi sesomiso. Ukunyakaza kokuphakama okuphezulu kwesizini kanye nokufuduka okude kuyisici sezinyoni zehlathi ezihlala e-Himalaya nase-Andes.
Izinyoni zasehlathini zamazwekazi ahlukahlukene
Umphakathi wezinyoni zomhlaba uphindwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingama-25 kunabantu emhlabeni. Kuliqiniso, odokotela bezinyoni basaphikisana ngenani lezinto eziphilayo ezigabeni ezahlukene, bebiza inani elilinganiselwa ku-8.7 ayizinkulungwane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iplanethi likhaya lezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingaba ngu-8 700 ezingazalani.
Izinyoni zasehlathini zase-Australia
Ezwenikazi naseziqhingini ezingomakhelwane, kanye naseTasmania, kunezinhlobo ezingama-655, eziningi zazo ezaziwa njengezindawo (ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa kwezindawo). I-Endemism, eyaziwa ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni zezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, izizukulwane kanye nemikhaya engaphansi, ayivamile kakhulu emindenini - lezi yizinyoni ze-lyre, izulazuli zase-Australia, ama-emus nezinyoni zasendle.
I-cassowary ejwayelekile, noma ethwala isigqoko
Wanikwa iziqu zezinyoni ezinkulu e-Australia kanye nenyoni yesibili ngobukhulu (emva kwentshe) emhlabeni. Zonke izinhlobo ze-cassowary ezi-3 zithweswe umqhele "wesigqoko sokuzivikela", ukuphuma okukhethekile kwe-horny, inhloso yazo izazi zebhayoloji eziphikisanayo ngazo: noma ngabe kuyisici sobulili besibili, isikhali sokulwa namanye amadoda, noma ithuluzi lokwakha amahlamvu.
Iqiniso. Ngaphandle kobukhulu bayo obuhle - amamitha amabili ukuphakama nesisindo esingaba ngama-60 kg - i-cassowary cassowary ithathwa njengeyinyoni ehlathini eyimfihlo kunazo zonke e-Australia.
Emini icathama ehlozini, iyokondla ekuphumeni kwelanga / ekushoneni kwelanga futhi ifune amajikijolo, imbewu nezithelo. I-cassowary ejwayelekile ayideleli izinhlanzi nezilwane zomhlaba. AmaCassowaries awahambi, futhi awatholakali e-Australia kuphela, kodwa naseNew Guinea. Abesilisa bohlobo oluthile obaba abayizibonelo: yibo abafukamela amaqanda futhi bakhulise amaphuphu.
Ukhozi olunemisila emincane
Ibizwa ngokuthi inyoni edume kakhulu edla izwekazi lase-Australia. Ngesibindi namandla, ukhozi olunemisila emincane alukho ngaphansi kunokhozi olusagolide, alukhethi njengezilwane ezizingelayo hhayi kuphela izinhlobo ezincane zama-kangaroo, kodwa futhi nama-bustard amakhulu. Ukhozi olunemisila emincane alinqabi ukuwa. Isidleke sakhiwe ngaphezulu ukusuka emhlabathini, esihlahleni, sihlala kuso iminyaka eminingi ilandelana. Isibalo sokhozi olunemisila ewohlokile sehle kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje, futhi abalimi bemfuyo base-Australia kufanele basolwe.
Inyoni enkulu
I-lyrebird, ehlala emahlathini emvula asezingeni eliphansi nelishisayo, yaziwa njengenyoni yezwe lase-Australia futhi igqame phakathi kwabanye ngomsila wayo omangalisayo womoya nethalente lomsindo we-simulator. Okumangaza kakhulu yingoma yokuxubana ye-lyrebird - ihlala amahora afinyelela kwangu-4 futhi ifaka phakathi ukulingiswa kwamazwi ezinyoni afakwe izimpondo zemoto, ukuqhuma kwezibhamu, ukukhonkotha kwezinja, umculo, umsindo wezinjini, ama-alamu omlilo, i-jackhammer nokuningi.
Inyoni enkulu ilala ezihlahleni iphakele phansi, ihlahle phansi ihlathi ngezidladla zayo ukuthola izibungu, iminenke, izinambuzane nezinye izinto ezidliwayo. Iningi lama-lyrebird selizinze eziqiwini zikazwelonke zase-Australia, ezihlanganisa iDandenong neKinglake.
Izinyoni zasehlathini zaseNyakatho Melika
Izilwane zezinyoni zaseNyakatho Melika, eziqukethe izinhlobo ezingama-600 nama-oda ayi-19, zihlupheka ngokuphawulekayo kuneCentral kanye neNingizimu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinhlobo zifana nezase-Eurasia, ezinye zindiza zivela eningizimu, futhi zimbalwa kuphela ezingathathwa njengezomdabu.
I-hummingbird enkulu
Ilungu elikhulu kunawo wonke lomndeni we-hummingbird (amasentimitha angama-20 ukuphakama nesisindo esingu-18-20 g) yizinhlobo zomdabu zaseNingizimu Melika ezincamela ukuhlala endaweni ephakeme ngamakhilomitha ayi-2.1 kuye kwangama-4 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Lezi zinyoni zasehlathini zigcwele amasimu / izingadi zasemakhaya ezindaweni ezifudumele, namahlathi asezindaweni ezomile futhi anomswakama ezindaweni ezishisayo / ezindaweni ezishisayo, futhi atholakala ezihlahlaneni ezomile. I-hummingbird enkulu isizivumelanise nempilo esezintabeni sibonga indlela esebenza ngayo i-thermoregulation - uma kunesidingo, inyoni yehlisa izinga lokushisa komzimba wayo.
I-grouse eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Ithunyelwe ngumndeni we-pheasant futhi yahlala emahlathini amaRocky Mountains, lapho kukhula khona uphayini ophuzi noDouglas fir. Ngemuva kokuqeda inkathi yokuzalanisa, i-grouse emnyama eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ifudukela emahlathini asezintabeni eziphakeme asezintabeni atholakala ngenhla, cishe amakhilomitha angu-3.6 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Ukudla kwasehlobo kwe-grouse eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunothile ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene ezinjenge:
- izimbali nama-inflorescence;
- efihlekile nembewu;
- amajikijolo namaqabunga.
Ebusika, izinyoni ziphoqeleka ukuba zishintshele ezinalweni, ikakhulukazi uphayini. Ngenkathi yokukhwelana, abesilisa bayajika (njengayo yonke i-grouse) futhi baguqule - bafake izingqimba ze-supraorbital, baqondise umsila wabo nezimpaphe ze-bristle ezintanyeni zabo, behehe abesifazane ngemibala egqamile yezimpaphe.
Owesifazane ubeka u-5-10 omhlophe oswidi, onamabala ansundu, amaqanda esidlekeni esilungisiwe, okuwukucindezeleka emhlabathini okumbozwe ngotshani nezinaliti.
I-hazel grouse ehlanganisiwe
Enye inyoni yehlathi laseNyakatho Melika, ongowokuzalwa emndenini we-grouse. Udumo lwe-collared hazel grouse lwalethwa yikhono lakhe lokushaya "ama-drum roll", okwakuqala ukuzwakala ngoFebhuwari-Mashi. Indoda eshayayo ivame ukusuka lapho iwile futhi ikhule ngesiqu sobulembu (hhayi kude nonqenqema, ukusula noma umgwaqo), imbozwe izihlahla. Lapho-ke i-hazel grouse iqala ukwehla yenyuka esiqwini ngomsila ovulekile, izimpaphe zekhola eziphakanyisiwe namaphiko ehlisiwe.
Kuyathakazelisa. Ngesinye isikhathi, owesilisa uyama futhi, eqonde ebangeni lakhe eligcwele, uqala ukushaya amaphiko akhe ngokushesha nangokubukhali, ukuze le misindo ihlangane nesigubhu.
Ngemuva kokuphothula ukusebenza, inyoni ihlala phansi ithule phansi ukuphinda inamba futhi ngemuva kwekhefu lemizuzu eyi-10. Uma usukhethe indawo, i-collar hazel grouse ihlala ithembekile kuye iminyaka eminingi.
Izinyoni zasehlathini zaseNingizimu Melika
Izinhlobo ezingaphansi kwezinkulungwane ezintathu zihlala lapha, noma ngaphezulu kwengxenye yesine yezilwane ezinophaphe loMhlaba. Lezi zinyoni zimele imindeni engama-93, eminingi yayo ekhona, kanye nama-oda angama-23.
Amakhukhamba
INingizimu Melika yayihlalwa yizinhlobo ezingama-23 zamakhukhamba, futhi iningi lazo (ngokunembile, abesifazane) yizinambuzane zangempela zezidleke. I-Ani ne-gouira cuckoos zibonakaliswa ngobumbili - zizakha izidleke ngokwazo noma zihlala abantu ezingabazi. Ababhekele kakhulu kulokhu yizinkukhu zama-cuckoo, ukwakha izidleke nokuzala izidleke ngokwazo.
Ezinye izinhlobo zithambekele ekubumbaneni - ngababili abaningana bahlomisa isidleke esisodwa, lapho zonke izinsikazi zizalela khona amaqanda. Zonke izinkukhu zeqembu zibandakanyeka ekufukameleni nasekuphakeleni ngokulandelana.
Amankentshane aseNingizimu Melika ikakhulukazi ayizinyoni zasehlathini, akhetha amahlathi aminyene nezihlahlana, yize ezinye izinhlobo, njenge-cactus cuckoo yaseMexico, nazo zitholakala ezingwadule lapho kumila khona i-cacti kuphela.
Opholi
Lezi zakhamuzi zasezindaweni ezishisayo zimelwe yizinhlobo ezingama-25 ezinezinhlobo eziyi-111, ezithandwa kakhulu ama-Amazoni aluhlaza, kanye nama-macaws aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ophuzi, abomvu noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kukhona nopholi abancane (abadlula ngokuluhlaza) opholile abangaphansi kwama-macaws ngosayizi, kepha hhayi ngokukhanya kwezimpaphe. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, ama-parrot akhetha ihlathi elishisayo ukuthi lihlale kuwo, kepha ezinye izinhlobo azesabi izindawo ezivulekile, zakha izidleke zazo emifantwini noma emigodini.
UTinamu
Umndeni wezinhlobo ezingama-42 uvame kakhulu eNingizimu naseMelika Ephakathi. Esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule, izinyoni zazikhishwe ohlwini lwezinkukhu, lapho zathola khona ngenxa yokufana kwazo nezinhlayiya, futhi zaziwa njengezihlobo zezintshe. Wonke ama-tinamu andiza kabi, kepha agijima kahle, futhi abesilisa banamathela ezindaweni zabo, balwa nabaphula imingcele.
Lezi zimo ezinzima azisebenzi kwabesifazane: umnikazi uhlangana nabo bonke abazulazula endaweni yakhe.
Isidleke sonke samaqanda sibekela amaqanda esidlekeni esisodwa, sihlelwe phansi, sibeka ukunakekelwa kwamantshontsho kubaba onezingane eziningi, afukamela amaqanda futhi ahole amachwane. Kuphela lapho zizalwa, zingalandela eyesilisa futhi zithole nokudla. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-tinamu mate futhi zinakekela inzalo ndawonye.
Izinyoni zasehlathini zaseNew Zealand
ENew Zealand naseziqhingini eziseduzane nayo, kunezinhlobo zezinyoni eziyi-156, ezibandakanya ezikhona kuphela, ezivela emindenini engama-35 naku-oda eziyi-16. Ukuphela kwe-oda lendawo (elingenamaphiko) kanye nemindeni emibili (izinkanyezi zaseNew Zealand nama-wrens).
ikiwi
Izinhlobo ezintathu zimelela ukuhleleka okungenazimpiko: ngenxa yokwehliswa, amaphiko e-kiwi awahlukaniseki ngaphansi kwezimpaphe ezijiyile, kufana noboya. Le nyoni ayinkulu ukwedlula inkukhu (kufika ku-4 kg), kodwa inokubukeka okuthile - umzimba omise okwepheya, amehlo amancane, imilenze emifushane eqinile nobhongo olude olunamakhala ekugcineni.
Isisulu (ama-molluscs, izinambuzane, imisundu, ama-crustaceans, ama-amphibiya, amajikijolo / izithelo eziwile) i-kiwi ithola ngosizo lwephunga elihle kakhulu, ifaka uqhwaku lwayo olubukhali emhlabathini. Izilwane ezidlayo nazo zithola i-kiwi ngephunga, njengoba izimpaphe zayo zinuka njengamakhowe.
Ijuba laseNew Zealand
Le nyoni yasehlathini, egcwele iNew Zealand, iye yabongwa njengejuba elihle kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Uphathiswe umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu - ukusabalalisa imbewu yezihlahla ezakha ukubukeka okuhlukile kweNew Zealand. Ijuba laseNew Zealand lidla kalula izithelo, amajikijolo, amahlumela, amahlumela nezimbali zezihlahla ezahlukahlukene, kepha ikakhulukazi lincike kwi-medlar.
Kuyathakazelisa. Njengoba isidle amajikijolo avutshiwe, le nyoni ilahlekelwa ukulinganisela kwayo futhi iyawa emagatsheni, yingakho ibizwa ngegama lesidlaliso "ijuba elidakiwe, noma elidakiwe."
Amajuba ahlala isikhathi eside, kodwa azala kancane: insikazi izalela iqanda eli-1, abafukamela bobabili abazali. Ngokubandayo, amajuba aseNew Zealand akhuluphela, abonakale esinda futhi abe yizinto zokuzingelwa.
Guyi
Izinkanyezi zaseNew Zealand (izizukulwane ezi-3 ezinezinhlobo ezi-5), eziqanjwe ngamaNdiya aseMaori, aqaphele ukukhala okuphazamisayo kwezinyoni "uya, uya, uya". Lezi yizinyoni zezingoma ezifika ku-40 cm ukuphakama ezinamaphiko abuthakathaka nemibala engabonakali, ikakhulukazi emnyama noma empunga, kwesinye isikhathi ihlanjululwa ngombala obomvu (njenge-tiko). Ngaphansi komlomo, kubonakala iziqu ezibomvu ezikhanyayo zesikhumba, zikhudlwana emadodeni. IHueyas, onqenqemeni lokuqothulwa, bathandana bodwa futhi bayindawo. Uhlobo olulodwa, i-guia enezinhlawulo eziningi, selivele lanyamalala ebusweni boMhlaba.
Izinyoni zasehlathini zase-Afrika
Izilwane zezinyoni zase-Afrika zinama-oda angama-22, kufaka phakathi imindeni engama-90. Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo zezidleke njalo, izinyoni eziningi ezivela eYurophu nase-Asia ziza lapha ebusika.
Utshukela
Umndeni we-pheasant e-Afrika umelwe yizinhlobo ezingama-38, ezingama-35 zazo ngokuyi-turachi (francolins) ezihlala emahlathini noma ezihlahleni. I-Turach, njengezinkukhu eziningi, i-variegated, inemivimbo namabala ahlukile kokujwayelekile komzimba (ompunga, onsundu, omnyama noma onesihlabathi). Ezinye izinhlobo zihlotshiswe ngezimpaphe ezibomvu / ezibomvu eduze kwamehlo noma emphinjeni.
I-Turach ilingana no-partridge ojwayelekile futhi inesisindo esisuka ku-400 kuye ku-550 g.Ihlala phansi, ikhetha izigodi zemifula, lapho kunezimila eziningi (amahlumela, imbewu namajikijolo), kanye nezinambuzane ezingenamgogodla. Izidleke zakhiwa phansi, zizalela amaqanda afinyelela kwali-10, insikazi ewafukamela amasonto amathathu. Umzali wesibili ubambe iqhaza ekukhuliseni amaphuphu ngemuva kokuba esechanyuselwe.
Inyanga yokhozi
Igama eliphakathi yisibhaxu. Le yinyoni yehlathi evela emndenini we-hawk, efinyelela ku-0.75 m ebudaleni enesisindo esingu-2-3 kg nesipiko samaphiko afinyelela ku-160-180 cm. Ngezimpaphe zayo eziqhakazile, i-buffoon ifana nopholi: inebala elibomvu (elinoshintsho ku-orange) uqhwaku oluxhunyiwe, olubomvu emuva / umsila onsundu nemilenze ebomvu ngokugqamile. Izimpiko zimnyama, zinomugqa oguqukayo wezimpaphe ezikhanyayo ezimpunga. Ikhanda, isifuba nentamo kufakwa ku-anthracite.
Imenyu yokhozi lwe-buffoon ilawulwa yizilwane ezincelisayo, kodwa kunezinye izilwane (ezihuquzelayo nezinyoni):
- amagundane;
- amagundane;
- onogwaja;
- inyoni yeginea;
- amacilongo ezimpondo;
- izinyoka ezinomsindo.
Befuna inyamazane, amajugglers achitha iningi lempilo yawo esibhakabhakeni, imvamisa ehlangana ngemihlambi efinyelela kuma-50. Imvamisa zakha isidleke emagatsheni omtholo noma e-baobab, zakha izidleke ezingaphezu kwesigamu semitha ububanzi.
Intshe yase-Afrika
Ingabekwa njengezinyoni zehlathi ezinemibandela ethile, uma kubhekwa ukuthi intshe yase-Afrika ayihlali nje kuphela emaqeleni, ezingwadule, ezingwadule, ezinkangala ezinamadwala, kodwa futhi nasezihlahleni eziminyene nasezindaweni ezingamahlathi. Lezi zamuva kwesinye isikhathi zigcwala izihlahla, zakhe uhlobo lwehlathi.
Kuyathakazelisa. Izintshe zihlala ezindlini zabesifazane, futhi abesilisa abavikela abangane babo bayabhonga futhi bayabhonga njengezingonyama zangempela.
Ama-Harems abe esehlangana emaqenjini amakhulu (afinyelela ku-600) amaqembu ukuzingela ndawonye ama-vertebrate amancane nezingenamgogodla. Izintshe zasendle zigcwalisa imenyu yazo yemifino yansuku zonke, zingakhohlwa ukuqeda ukoma kwazo emithonjeni yemvelo eseduze.
Izinyoni zasehlathini zase-Eurasia
Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-1.7 zezinyoni ezivela emindenini engama-88, ezihlanganiswe ngama-oda angama-20, isidleke ezwenikazi. Isabelo sezingonyama zezinyoni siwela ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Eurasia - eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
IGoshawk
Uhlobo oluphambili loKlebe, abesifazane babo ngokwesiko bakhulu ngokwedlula abesilisa. Izinsikazi zikhula zifike ku-0.6 m enesisindo esingu-0.9-1.6 kg namaphiko afinyelela ku-1.15 m. I-goshawk, njengamanye ama-hawk, inikezwe "amashiya" amhlophe - imivimbo yobude bezimpaphe ezimhlophe ngaphezulu kwamehlo.
AmaGoshawks axhumana nomunye esebenzisa umsindo ophakeme, onomsindo.
Lezi zinyoni zasehlathini zihlala esidlekeni esinqunyiwe / esiqinile esikhanyayo ngokukhanyisa okulingene, lapho kunezihlahla eziningi ezindala ezinde nemiphetho yokuzingela okulula. AmaGoshawks alandelela umdlalo wegazi elifudumele (kufaka phakathi izinyoni), kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo nezingenamgogodla. Ungesabi ukuhlasela isisulu ngesiqingatha sesisindo sabo.
UJay
Inyoni ejwayelekile yasehlathini yobukhulu obumaphakathi, ejwayelekile ezindaweni ezinezihlahla. Ijay idume ngezimpaphe zayo eziqhakazile, izithunzi zayo ziyahlukahluka ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene, nangamakhono ayo e-onomatopoeic. Le nyoni ayakhiqizi nje kuphela izigaxa zezinye izinyoni, kodwa futhi nanoma yimiphi imisindo ezwakala, kusukela kuzwakala ngembazo kuya ezwini lomuntu. UJay uqobo uyakhala ngokungathandeki nangokuzwakalayo.
AmaJay adla izibungu, ama-slugs, ama-acorn, amantongomane, amajikijolo, imbewu kanye ... nezinyoni ezincane. Zakha ezihlahleni / ezihlahleni ezinde, zibeka isidleke eduze kwesiqu. Clutch ngokuvamile iqukethe amaqanda 5-8, zazo amaphuphu achanyuselwe on 16-17 days.
I-oriole ejwayelekile
Inyoni ehlathini efudukayo enezimpaphe ezikhanyayo ezikhanyayo ezinombala ophuzi eYurophu. Kutholakala hhayi kuphela emahlathini ahlabayo noma axubekile, kepha futhi nasezihlahleni ze-birch / oki, kanye nasemapaki nasemadolobheni.
Entwasahlobo, ingoma ka-Oriole iqukethe impempe. Lapho inyoni iphazamisekile, igxuma kakhulu, yingakho ibizwa ngegama lekati lasehlathini.
Abesilisa bagada isiza sabo, baqala ukulwa nezimbangi. Izidleke zenziwa ngemfoloko emagatsheni, ziqala ngokuluka uhlobo lwesando esivela emicimbini ye-hemp, bese kuba izindonga, ziziqinise ngamagxolo e-birch, utshani nobulembu. Amaqanda (4-5) abekwa ngoMeyi.
