IMaykong, noma i-savanna (crab) fox, yisilwane esincelisayo esingumndeni wakwaCanidae. Namuhla, i-crab fox ukuphela kwezinhlobo zesimanje zohlobo lweCerdocyon. Kususelwa olimini lwesiGreki, igama elijwayelekile elithi Cerdocyon lihunyushwa ngokuthi "inja enobuqili", futhi igama elithile elisho ukuthi "impungushe", okuwumphumela wokufana kwangaphandle kwesilwane namakhanka ajwayelekile.
Incazelo yeMaikong
Namuhla, ama-subspecies amahlanu we-crab (savanna) fox aziwa kahle futhi afundwe ngokuphelele. Ngokusho kochwepheshe basekhaya nabakwamanye amazwe, ubukhona bezimpungushe zenkalankala emhlabeni wethu cishe buneminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-3.1 ubudala. Onke amalungu alo mndeni yiwona kuphela amalungu ohlobo lweCerdocyon, futhi noma yiziphi izihlobo eziseduze kakhulu zaseMaikong njengamanje zithathwa njengezingasekho.
Ososayensi babheka iCerdocyon avius ​​njengokhokho kuphela wenkalankala yenkalankala. Lesi silwane sahlala kuleplanethi cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-4.8-4.9 edlule, sahlangana okokuqala eNyakatho Melika, kepha ngokushesha sathuthela eningizimu, lapho sakhetha khona izwekazi laseNingizimu Melika ukuthi lihlale kulo.
Ama-subspecies amakhulu akhona namuhla yi-Cerdocyon thous aquilus, i-Cerdocyon i-entrerianus, i-Cerdocyon thous azarae, ne-Cerdocyon i-germanus.
Ukubukeka, ubukhulu
Impungushe emaphakathi inoboya obumpunga obuphaphathekile obunezimpawu zothotho emilenzeni, ezindlebeni nasembusweni. Umugqa omnyama ugijima onqenqemeni lwesilwane esincelisayo, kwesinye isikhathi esingamboza wonke umhlane. Umbala ojwayelekile womphimbo nesisu uhluka kusuka kumthubi ophuzi kuye kwimpunga noma kumhlophe. Iphuzu lomsila kanye namathiphu ezindlebe kumnyama ngombala. Imilenze ivame ukuba mnyama ngombala.
Isilinganiso sobude bomzimba womuntu omdala waseMaikong singama-60-71 cm, ngosayizi ojwayelekile womsila osukela ku-28-30 cm.Ukuphakama okuphezulu kwesilwane ekubuneni akuvamile ukudlula ama-50 cm, ngesisindo ebangeni elingu-5-8 kg. Isibalo samazinyo yizicucu ezingama-42. Ubude bogebhezi lomzingeli buyahlukahluka phakathi kwamasentimitha ayi-12.0-13.5. Njengesilwane esilusizo kakhulu futhi esingathobeki, izilwane ezincelisayo zaseMaikong (savannah, noma izimpungushe zikankalankala) zisagcinwa amaNdiya aseGuarani (Paraguay), kanye neQuechua eBolivia.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
AmaMaikong ahlala ikakhulukazi emathafeni anotshani nezihlahla, futhi ngenkathi yemvula, izilwane ezinjalo ezincelisayo ziyatholakala nasezintabeni. Izilwane ezinjalo zikhetha ukuzingela ebusuku, zodwa, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kukhona nezimbungulu zezimpungushe ze-savannah, ezifuna ngentshiseko ukudla okufanele ndawonye.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane ezinjalo zicishe zibe omnivorous. Phakathi kokunye, amaMaikong akuzona izilwane ezincelisayo zasendaweni, ngakho-ke, izimpungushe eziningana zeSavannah zivame ukuhlangana ezindaweni ezinesisekelo sokudla esiningi. Izilwane ezinjalo zasendle azizimbeli imigoqo yazo nezindawo zokukhosela zodwa, zikhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni zokukhosela zabanye abantu, ezinobukhulu obukhulu nendawo.
Amasayithi ngamanye, njengomthetho, ayahlukahluka ngaphakathi kuka-0.6-0.9 km2, nasezindaweni zokuhlala ezivulekile eBrazil, umbhangqwana wabazali kanye nabantwana abadala bavame ukuhlala endaweni engama-5-10 km2.
Uhlala isikhathi esingakanani uMaikong
Isilinganiso sokuphila esiqinisekiswe ngokusemthethweni sesilwane esincelisayo ezimweni zemvelo akuvamile ukuthi seqe iminyaka emihlanu kuya kweyisikhombisa, ngenxa yomthelela wezinto eziningi ezingezinhle ezingaphandle, ukuzingelwa ngokungemthetho nokuzingelwa kwenani elikhulu kakhulu lezitha zemvelo.
Ingxenye ebalulekile yezilwane ihlala endle isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka emithathu, kepha izilwane ezincelisayo ezidliwayo ziyakwazi ukuphila isikhathi eside. Namuhla, lapho kugcinwa ekuthunjweni, ubude besikhathi sokuphila esiqoshwe eMaikong buyaziwa futhi, obuyiminyaka eyi-11 nezinyanga eziyisithupha.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Ngokobufakazi besayensi, akukho mehluko obonakalayo phakathi kwabesifazane baseMaikong nabesilisa. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngokusho kweminye imibiko, amathrekhi abesifazane abukhali futhi anciphile, kanti amathrekhi wesilisa ahlanzekile futhi ayindilinga.
Ama-subspecies aseMaikong
Ama-subspecies Cerdocyon i-aquilus abonakala ngoboya obufushane, obukhulu, obunsundu ngokugqamile okungaphansi futhi ikakhulukazi okumpunga, onsundu nokumnyama. Kukhona umugqa omnyama we-longitudinal engxenyeni engenhla yomsila. Ukhakhayi lubanzi, lunesiphongo esiphakeme. Isilwane sihlangene kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nempungushe yaseYurophu Ephakathi.
Umbala omfushane woboya obuncane be-Cerdocyon thous entrerianus uhluka kakhulu kubantu ngabodwana, kepha, njengomthetho, uhlukaniswa ngombala ompunga ompofu noma obonakalayo onsundu, okuvame ukuba namathoni aphuzi aphumile. Ama-subspecies Cerdocyon thous azarae neCerdocyon thous germanus awanawo umehluko ophawulekayo kuzici zangaphandle.
Idatha yezwi le-Maikong, noma i-savanna (crab) fox, ayinazo izici ezibalulekile, futhi imisindo eyenziwe yilesi silwane esincelisayo imelwe ukukhonkotha nokubhonga okuvamile kwezimpungushe.
Indawo yokuhlala
ISouth American Maikong yisakhamuzi esivamile cishe kulo lonke ugu olusentshonalanga yezwekazi laseNingizimu Melika, ukusuka eNyakatho Colombia kuya eChile. Ngokusho kokubona kwakamuva, isilwane esincelisayo esinjalo, isilwane esidla ezinye, sitholakala ikakhulukazi emahlathini aseVenezuela naseColombia.
Lesi silwane asijwayelekile kangako eGuyana, kanye naseningizimu nasempumalanga yeBrazil, eningizimu-mpumalanga yeBolivia, eParaguay nase-Uruguay, kanye nasenyakatho ye-Argentina. AmaMaikong ahlala kakhulu emigodini yabanye abantu futhi azinikele ngokuzimela ekuthuthukiseni ikhaya kuphela ezimweni ezihlukile.
Izimpungushe zeMaykongs, noma i-savanna (crab) zithanda izindawo ezinezihlahla futhi ezivulekile kahle noma ama-steppes anotshani (ama-savanna), ahlala ezifundeni zezintaba futhi azizwe enethezekile ezindaweni ezisicaba. Imvamisa, izidalwa ezincelisayo ezinjalo zisebenzisa izindawo eziphakeme kakhulu ngesikhathi semvula, futhi izilwane zihamba ziye ezindaweni eziphansi nezisicaba ngokuqala kwesikhathi esomile.
I-Maikong yasendle kulula ukuyithambisa, ngakho-ke kulezi zinsuku, izidalwa eziphakathi nendawo zivame ukutholakala emadolobhaneni aseNdiya asebenzayo.
Ukudla kweMaikong
AmaMaikong ayizidlakudla, futhi ukudla kwawo kuqukethe izinambuzane, amagundane amancane, izithelo, izilwane ezinwabuzelayo (izibankwa namaqanda wofudu), izinyoni, amaxoxo nenkalankala. Kulokhu, ukudla kwesilwane esidla ezinye kuyashintsha kuye ngokutholakala kokuphakelayo kanye nezici zesizini. Isikhathi semvula ezifundeni ezisogwini sivumela impungushe ye-savannah ukuthi idle izinkalankala nezinye izingulube. Ngesikhathi sonyaka owomile, indlela yokudla yabantu abadala yaseMaikong iqukethe izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokudla.
Ngokwezifundo, ukudla kwe-crab fox kufaka phakathi ama-25% wezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, cishe ama-24% ezihuquzelayo, u-0.6% wama-marsupials kanye nenani elifanayo lonogwaja, ama-35.1% ama-amphibian no-10.3% wezinyoni, kanye no-5.2% wezinhlanzi.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Abesilisa bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi benezinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye ubudala, kanti abesifazane baseMaikong bavuthwa ngokocansi cishe ngonyaka. Ukuphakamisa umlenze ngenkathi uchama kuwuphawu lokuthomba. Ukukhulelwa impungushe yaseSavannah kuhlala cishe izinsuku ezingama-52-59, kepha ngokwesilinganiso inzalo izalwa ngezinsuku ezingama-56-57. Isikhathi sokuzala sesilwane esincelisayo sisukela ku-Ephreli kuya ku-Agasti.
Kusuka kuzingane ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha kuzalwa kudoti, okunesisindo sobubanzi obungu-120-160 amagremu. Amawundlu angenazinyo azelwe anamehlo nezindlebe ezivaliwe. Amehlo kaMaikong avuleka kuphela anamasonto amabili ubudala. Ijazi lemidlwane ligrey grey, kucishe kube mnyama. Esiswini, ijazi limpunga, kanti engxenyeni engezansi kunesici esinezici eziphuzi ngoku nsundu.
Cishe izinsuku ezingamashumi amabili ubudala, uboya bezinwele, nasemidlwane enezinsuku ezingama-35 ubudala ze-Savannah fox, ijazi liqala ukubonakala kwesilwane esikhulile. Isikhathi sokuncelisa (ukondla ubisi) sithatha izinyanga ezintathu, kepha sekuvele kusukela enyangeni eyodwa, imidlwane yaseMaikong, kanye nobisi, kancane kancane ziqala ukudla ukudla okuqinile okuhlukahlukene.
Izimpungushe ze-Crab ezigcinwa ekuthunjweni zizodwa futhi zivame ukuzala kabili ngonyaka, ngezikhathi ezinyangeni eziyisikhombisa noma eziyisishiyagalombili.
Izitha zemvelo
Uboya beMaikong, noma i-savanna (crab) fox abunanzuzo, kepha uma kunesomiso izilwane ezinjalo ezidlayo ziyadutshulwa njengezithwali ezisebenzayo zamarabi. Izilwane ezinobuqili nezinobuhlakani ziyakwazi ukweba izinkukhu epulazini labantu abampofu, ngakho-ke zivame ukubhujiswa ngokungenasihawu ngabahlali bendawo, abalimi kanye nabafuyi. Ezinye zezilwane zibanjwa ngabantu ngenhloso yokuqhubeka nokufuya isilwane. AmaMaikong amadala awabi izisulu zezilwane ezinkulu ezidlayo kaningi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Abamele umndeni wakwaCanidae, uhlobo lweCerdocyon nezinhlobo zeMaikong zisakazeke impela, futhi ezindaweni eziningi lesi silwane esincelisayo sibonakala ngenombolo ephezulu. Isibonelo, eVenezuela, inani le-savannah fox cishe umuntu oyedwa kumahektha angama-25. Namuhla iMaikong ibhalwe ohlwini lweSithasiselo se-CITES 2000, kepha iBhodi Yezilwane Zasendle yase-Argentina isimemezele ukuthi le fox fox isengozini.
