Isilwane, ngenxa yokusondelana nabantu, sithathwa njengesicwaningwa kakhulu ngama-possum. Futhi, i-fox kuzu yizinhlobo eziningi kakhulu kuzo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo e-Australia.
Incazelo ye-possum emise okwe-fox
I-Trichosurus vulpecula inamagama ambalwa asemthethweni (i-possum emise okwe-fox, i-brushtail, i-kuzu-fox ejwayelekile) futhi ingeyomndeni womzala ovela ku-oda le-Dvoretstsovye marsupials.
Ukubukeka, ubukhulu
Lesi yisilwane esihle, noma esikhuluphele ngandlela thile nesifonyo esicijile, lapho kuphuma khona izindlebe eziqondile, udebe lwaphezulu oluhlukanisiwe namehlo amnyama ayindilinga. Ama-incisors amakhulu omhlathi ophansi ahlukile kunama-canines amancane.
Isisindo somuntu omdala we-fox kuzu siyehluka kusuka ku-1.2 kuye ku-4.5 kg (esingaphansi kaningi kuze kufike ku-5 kg) ngobude bomzimba obungu-35-55 cm. Umsila we-pubescent, okhula ufike ku-24-35 cm, awunalutho kuphela ethiphu embozwe isikhumba esiqinile. Umzimba we-possum emise okwe-fox ugcwele futhi uvulekile, intamo imfushane, ikhanda livulekile. Ngaphezu kwezindlebe (nqunu ngokuphelele ngaphakathi) kukhula izinwele eziphuzi noma ezinsundu. Ama-Vibrissae made futhi amnyama, ingxenye yesibili yomsila inombala ofanayo.
Amathawula e-kuzu awanaboya, izinzipho eziyizicaba ziyabonakala ezithupheni zemilenze yangemuva: kwezinye izinzwane, uzipho lumile okwegoda, lude futhi luqinile. Izimpungushe zakwaKuzu zinesikhumba esikhethekile (eduze kwendunu) esikhiqiza imfihlo enephunga elinamandla le-musky.
Iqiniso. Abamele abababazekayo bezinhlobo ezinoboya obukhulu kakhulu (kufaka phakathi emsileni) bahlala eTasmania. I-kuzu yasendaweni inesisindo esiphindwe kabili kunesizihlobo zayo ezihlala eNyakatho ne-Australia futhi zinengubo encane enebhulashi elingasho lutho emsileni.
Ububanzi bunquma umbala wezilwane - ungahluka, kusuka kokumpunga okumhlophe kuye konsundu noma omnyama, futhi ijazi lendawo engaphansi neyentamo ephansi ihlale ilula. Ama-albino atholakala futhi phakathi kwama-possum amise okwempungushe.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
I-fox kuzu iyisizungu, inamathela endaweni ethile futhi ibheka isigaba sabaphathi esinemibandela. Ukubambelela kwesakhiwo somuntu siqu, maphakathi nendawo okukhona kuso izihlahla zokufaka izidleke, akuveli ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-3-4 ubudala. Isakhiwo sowesilisa sifinyelela kumahektha angu-3-8, owesifazane - okuncane, amahektha ayi-1-5.
UKuzu umaka imingcele, abantu angabazi abanesibindi (ikakhulukazi abobulili obufanayo nabantu abathandana nabo), kepha avumele abantu besizwe esithile bobulili obuhlukile noma isikhundla esiphansi senhlalo ukuba babe sendaweni yabo. Emini, i-possum emise okwempungushe iyalala, iphuma iyofuna ukudla emahoreni angu-1-2 selishonile ilanga.
Imvamisa zisebenza njengesiphephelo:
- amahlathi aminyene;
- "Izidleke" noma imigodi yezihlahla;
- izakhiwo ezilahliwe noma ezingasetshenziswanga kancane (ama-attics namashedi).
IKuzu ihamba kancane phansi, kepha ayikhombisi ukushesha okuthile esihlahleni, yize ikwazi ukuzivumelanisa kahle nokuqwala. Ukuhamba kwakhe njalo kumenza abukeke engafani nesikwele esingenangqondo, kodwa njenge-sloth esincane.
Umsila othambile udlala indima enkulu ekuhambeni ngeziqu kanye nemiqhele, osizo lwayo isilwane sigxiliwe egatsheni bese kuphela siqala ukunyakazisa uzipho olufana nesikela. Ekufuneni ukudla, uKuzu akagcini ngokuhlola izihlahla eziseduze, kodwa uzulazula naphansi, abheke amabhilidi aseduze uma ehlangana naye esendleleni.
I-possum emiswe njengempungushe ayinamahloni ngokusondelana nabantu, lapho izuza khona kuphela. Izilwane zihlala ezingadini nasemapaki, zakha amakoloni amaningi futhi anomsindo lapho.
UKuzu uthanda ukukhuluma ngokukhululeka, yingakho ethathwa njengomunye wama-marsupials anekhono - umuntu uzwa ukukhala kwakhe ebangeni elifinyelela ku-0.3 km. Izinhlobonhlobo zamasignali omsindo, ngokusho kwezazi zezilwane, zichazwa ngokuba khona kwengxenye yenqwaba yomphimbo (ecishe ilingane nepea), engekho kwamanye ama-marsupial. Ngenxa yaleli thuluzi, kuzu hiss, squeal, squeal, snapped, grunt and even chirped.
Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani impungushe kuzu?
I-brushtail iphila ngokwesilinganiso cishe iminyaka eyi-11-15, futhi ibeka amarekhodi okuphila isikhathi eside lapho ithathwa. Ngendlela, i-possum emise okwempungushe ifuywa kalula, ijwayela ukudla okusha ngaphandle kwezinkinga futhi ayikhombisi ubudlova kubaninizo nhlobo (ayiklwebhi, ayilumi noma ibabaza). Noma kunjalo, bambalwa kakhulu abantu abafuna ukugcina i-kuzu ekhaya: iphunga elithile elinjalo livela emzimbeni wakhe.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Umehluko phakathi kobulili ungalandelwa ngosayizi - abesifazane be-fox kuzu bancane kunabesilisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesilisa banesikhumba esithuthukiswe kangcono esifubeni. Insikazi ingahlukaniswa ngesibaya sesikhumba esivezwe kakhudlwana esiswini, lapho ithwala khona ithole layo ngemuva kokubeletha.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ububanzi be-phenum emise okwe-fox buhlanganisa iningi lase-Australia (ikakhulukazi izifunda zalo ezisempumalanga, ezisenyakatho naseningizimu-ntshonalanga), kanye neKangaroo Islands neTasmania. Ezifundeni ezomile nezomile kakhulu ezwekazini lase-Australia, i-fox kuzu ayivelakancane. Ekhulwini leminyaka ngaphambi kokugcina, lolu hlobo lwethulwa eNew Zealand. Lapha kuzu kukhule kakhulu kangangokuba baphenduka usongo lwangempela kumdlalo wendawo.
Kuyathakazelisa. Izazi zezilwane zisola ukuthi yiKuzu (abalandeli abakhulu bamaqanda ezinyoni namachwane) okufanele babekwe icala lokwehla kwesibalo sabantu be-kiwi, esidleke kuphela eNew Zealand.
Ama-Brushtails kaningi ahlala ezindaweni ezinezihlahla noma ezihlahleni eziminyene, kepha futhi ahlala emathafeni angenamithi nasemahlane. AbakwaKuzu abawesabi amadolobha lapho behlala khona ezingadini nasemapaki.
Ukudla kwe-fox kuzu
Kwezinye izifunda, kuze kufike ku-95% wesabelo sansuku zonke se-kuzu esiwela emaqabungeni e-eucalyptus, kuthi ehlathini elishisayo, amaqabunga esihlahla sensimbi, anobuthi obukhulu emfuyweni, abe ukudla kwawo okuyinhloko.
Ngokuvamile, ukudla kwe-ossum emise okwempungushe kufaka phakathi izithako zezitshalo nezilwane:
- inhlanganisela yamaqabunga;
- izimbali nezithelo;
- amajikijolo;
- ezingenamgogodla;
- amaqanda ezinyoni;
- ama-vertebrate amancane.
Uma izilwane zihlala eduze kwezindawo zokudla, zidla izilimo zamadlelo ngokuzithandela noma zidle izimbali, zihlale ezingadini zedolobha.
Ukuzala nenzalo
E-Australia, isikhathi sokumataniswa kwe-fox kuzu asigcini ngohlaka oluqinile, kepha ukwanda kokuya ocansini kuyaphawulwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla (eminye imibhangqwana ithola inzalo kuzo zombili izinkathi). ENingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Australia, inzalo iphakama ngoMeyi-Juni. ENew Zealand, kuzu imidlalo yokukhwelana iqala ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJulayi. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesifazane banovalo olukhulu kakhulu futhi ngobunzima obukhulu bayavuma abakhongi babo, ukuzigcina kubo ebangeni eliphephile cishe lemitha elilodwa.
Ifuna ukuziphindiselela, ubuqili besilisa, inikeze amasiginali omsindo buthule okusikhumbuza izwi lewundlu. Ekupheleni kocansi, umlingani ushiya owesifazane ovundisiwe, enqaba ngokuphelele imisebenzi kababa.
Ukukhulelwa kufushane kakhulu futhi kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-16-18. Insikazi iletha iwundlu elilodwa (ezimweni ezingavamile, amawele), elondla ngobisi futhi eliphatha esikhwameni izinyanga ezingaba yisithupha. Ngemuva kokushiya isikhwama, izinyane likhasa emhlane kanina bese lihlala lapho izinyanga ezimbalwa, yize selivele likwazi ukuthola nokuhlafuna ukudla okuqinile lodwa. Ukuncelisa ubisi kuyama ezinyangeni eziyi-6-10. Izimpungushe zeKuzu zikulungele ukuzala ngemuva konyaka wokuqala noma wesibili wokuphila.
Izitha zemvelo
I-phenum emise okwempungushe izingelwa yizigebengu ezihlasela umhlaba kanye nezimpaphe:
- onkulunkulu (ezinye izinhlobo);
- Ukhozi lwase-Australia olunomsila;
- oklebe (izinhlobo ezikhethiwe);
- Upholi waseNew Zealand;
- qapha izibankwa (ezintabeni nasezindaweni ezingamahlane);
- izimpungushe nezinja ze-dingo;
- amakati feral.
Uhlu lwezitha ze-fox kuzu luphethwe yindoda eyaqothula izilwane ngenxa yoboya bazo obuyigugu, obathunyelwa emazweni amaningi ngezwekazi lase-Australia.
Iqiniso. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngo-1906, izigidi ezine zezikhumba ze-kuzu fox zathengiswa ezimakethe zoboya zaseLondon naseNew York, zanikezwa ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Australian possum" nelithi "Adelaide chinchilla".
Abomdabu base-Australia naseNew Zealand babulala imisila yokuxubha hhayi nje ngenxa yoboya babo obukhanyayo nobufudumele, kodwa futhi nenyama, yize kunephunga elimnandi le-musky.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Iqoqo lokuqala le-fox kuzu (elenzelwa ukuthuthukisa ukuhweba ngoboya obuthembisayo) lalethwa eNew Zealand ngo-1840, kwathi ngo-1924 imfuyo yanda kakhulu kangangokuba ukuthekelisa izikhumba kwamanye amazwe kwaba umthombo omuhle wemali engenayo. Injabulo yabazingeli yayingaphelele - kwavela ukuthi ibutho lama-possum afana ne-fox alitheleli izinkomo kuphela ngesifo sofuba, kodwa futhi lidala nomonakalo ongalungiseki ezimileni zasendaweni, ikakhulukazi, izihlahla.
Njengoba sezizinze emahlathini aseNew Zealand, imisila yokuxubha yasheshe yashintshela ohlotsheni olusha lokudla lwazo - amaqabunga ezinhlobo zezihlahla ezibalulekile ezaziwa njengezandile ezweni. Amahlamvu ayemnandi kakhulu kangangokuba inani labantu lenyuka laya ku-50 kuzu ehektheleni ngalinye (izikhathi ezingama-25 eziphakeme kunase-Australia). Kuliqiniso, ngemuva kwesikhashana, inani lezilwane lisancipha, lisondela kubantu abayi-6-10 ngehektare, kepha ngalesi sikhathi ezinye izitshalo zezihlahla zase zivele zanyamalala ngokungenakuphikiswa, kanti iKuzu yashintshela kwezinye, yize yayingakhangi kangako (ngamagama we-gastronomic).
INew Zealand ibe yipharadesi langempela le-fox kuzu. Kwakungekho izidumbu zase-Australia (njengama-dingo), izimbangi zokudla, noma ngisho nama-parasites alawula ukukhiqizwa okungalawulwa kweKuzu.
Isisekelo sokudla esiningi senza ukuthi kube lula ukwenza ubungane ngisho nezilwane ezinemigomo eyodwa njengemisila yokuxubha. ENew Zealand ecebile, bayeka ukuqhudelana, njengoba base bejwayele e-Australia, base beqala ukuhlala eduze kakhulu, behlala ezindaweni ezincane ezigqagqene.
Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, iKuzu, eyethula inqubo yokuguqula ukwakheka kwehlathi eNew Zealand, kwadingeka ishintshele kulezo zihlahla ezazisele: okumnandi kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi kwase kukhululiwe emaqabungeni futhi kwakudingeka zife kungekudala. Ngokuya ngemininingwane yakamuva, inani lendawo le-fox kuzu cishe lalingabantu abayizigidi ezingama-70, eliphindwe kabili inani lezimvu eNew Zealand.
Ukudoba ngenjongo yokuhweba kweKuzu kwenziwa kulesi siqhingi. I-Tasmania. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo luvunyelwe ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe esiQhingini saseKangaroo, lapho imisila yebhulashi ilimaza khona abantu nezimbali zasendaweni. I-possum emise okwempungushe nayo yaziwa njengesinambuzane e-Australia, lapho idala umonakalo omkhulu emasimini ephayini.
Ohlwini Olubomvu lwe-IUCN, impungushe kuzu ibhalwe njenge- “Least Concern” ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa kabanzi kwalezi zinhlobo, okucatshangwa ukuthi ziningi futhi zihlala ezindaweni ezivikelekile. Abalondolozi bemvelo banesiqiniseko sokuthi azikho izinsongo ezinzima kulezi zinhlobo, ngaphandle kokugawulwa okukhulu kwezihlahla ezinkulu.
