Akuwona wonke ama-cynologist waseRussia, ezwa igama elithi "hovawart", ozoqonda ukuthi leli akulona igama lenja, kodwa igama lohlobo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, eYurophu, lezi zinja zise-TOP-7 yezinhlobo zensizakalo futhi zithandwa kakhulu ezweni lakubo, eJalimane.
Umlando wozalo
Ukukhulunywa okokuqala kwama-hovawarts ("hova" - yard / "wart" - umlindi) kubuyela emuva eNkathini Ephakathi, lapho laba balindi abangenakuqhathaniswa bevikela izindawo zabalimi basemapulazini kanye nezindawo zamakhosi emaseleni. Ngalezo zinsuku, kwakukhona umthetho owawunquma inhlawulo yama-guilder ayi-10 kunoma ngubani obulala noma othumbe iHovawart.... Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, kwaba nezinguquko ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni eJalimane, okwaphazamisa kabi abantu bezinhlobo eziningi zezinja, kubandakanya iHovawart. Uhlobo lwalufanele lubuyiselwe ngezigaba - kuze kufike u-1914, kusuka ngo-1915 kuya ku-1945 futhi kusukela ngo-1949.
Ubaba owasungula lo mhlobo uthathwa njengoKurt Koenig, owadala indlwana yokuqala yaseHovawart ngo-1922. Umlando wabo wanamuhla waqala ngo-Ephreli 3, lapho imidlwane emine (uHelma, uHunolf, uHerma, uHummel) izalwa ngumuntu wesilisa obizwa ngoBaron nowesifazane u-Ortrud Hudson. NgoJanuwari 1924, iHovawart Breeding Union yasungulwa, amalungu ayo ayehlose ukuthola isibindi, isexwayiso, esilungele ukulwa, kepha hhayi inja enonya, eyenzelwe ukusebenza kulo mzila. Ukugcizelelwa (kuze kube ngu-1932) kwenziwa hhayi kakhulu ngaphandle njengezimpawu zokusebenza zohlobo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukhokho weningi lamaHovawarts anamuhla ubizwa ngokuthi inhlabamkhosi evelele egama linguCastor Meyer, owayehlala enkulisa kaK. Koenig ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe II.
AmaNazi angena embusweni amemezele uHovawart "njengenja yasebukhosini", waqoka uKurt Koenig njengoNgqongqoshe weReich ngokuzalanisa, ukwenza ngcono nokufundisa izinhlobo zemisebenzi. Eqinisweni, ukhetho lweHovawart lwancishiswa, kwathi ngo-1945 abamele uhlobo oluhlanzekile bangabalwa ngakolunye uhlangothi. UHovawart usindile ngenxa yabathandi abaqala ukubambisana ezinyunyaneni.
Ngo-1959, lolu hlobo lwaqashelwa eJalimane, futhi eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva ngokufakwa kwe-FCI - esivele isezingeni lomhlaba. I-International Hovawart Federation (IHF) yavela kamuva kakhulu, kuphela ngo-1983. Manje i-IHF ifaka izifundazwe eziyi-13 - iGerman, iDenmark, i-Austria, iFinland, iSweden, iNorway, iNgilandi, i-Holland, iFrance, iBelgium, iSlovakia, iCzech Republic kanye ne-USA.
I-International Federation yakha izinhloso zayo okuthile okufana nalokhu:
- ukulondolozwa kwempilo kaHovawart;
- ukufundiswa kokuzinza kwengqondo;
- izinga eliphezulu lokuxhumana nabantu;
- ukwakheka kwezici zokusebenza ezinhle kakhulu, ezizuzwe njengefa;
- ukwenziwa ngcono kwangaphandle kohlobo.
UHovawart (ngesinqumo se-IHF) wayeka ukuba ngunogada kuphela, kepha wakhulisa imisebenzi yakhe, waba ngumngani, okwazi ukusiza ezimweni ezinzima (ukuvikela ukuhlaselwa noma ukuhlenga emanzini / ezintabeni). Ekulandeleni lezi zinhloso, i-IHF ayigcini nje ngokubeka imigomo eyisisekelo yokuzalanisa nokukhulisa izinja, kepha futhi naseziJalimani zihlola imisebenzi yokuzalanisa kulo lonke elaseYurophu / e-USA.
Incazelo yeWawawart
Kuyinja enamandla kepha hhayi esindayo, eyenzelwe ukusetshenziswa endaweni yonke futhi ekwaziyo ukumelana nengcindezi ende, ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Ukukhula kwabesilisa kusuka ku-0.63 kuye ku-0.7 m ngesisindo esingu-40-45 kg, ukukhula kwama-bitches kungu-0.58-0.65 m ngesisindo esingaba ngu-35-40 kg.
Amazinga okuzala
Ikhanda elichazayo, lapho isifonyo silingana ubude nogebhezi, lisethwe entanyeni eyomile, eqinile (ngaphandle kofeleba). Kubonakala ibhuloho eliqondile lamakhala nezindlebe ezingunxantathu (isethi ephakeme noma emaphakathi), elimbozwe ngezinwele ezimfishane / ezinde. Amehlo amile okweqanda, imvamisa amnyama. Ukubukeka kuthulile. Okwamazinyo, ukulunywa okuqondile kuvunyelwe, kepha ukulunywa kwesikele kungcono. Umzimba, omude kancane kunokuphakama lapho ubuna, ulinganisiwe.
Isifuba sijulile, i-croup ifushane, futhi emuva kuqondile. Imilenze yangaphambili ibonakala ngemisipha eyomile emile kahle, imilenze yangemuva inezinqe eziguquguqukayo kodwa eziqinile. Imilenze yangaphambili iyi-oval, imilenze yangemuva nayo i-oval noma i-hare. Kuthathwe ibhola.
Okubalulekile! Umsila we-pubescent omningi ulenga ngaphansi kwe-hock (awuthinti phansi) lapho inja imile, futhi iphakanyiswa phezulu (egobile kancane) lapho isebenza. Ukunyakaza kuhlelwe kahle, kepha ngasikhathi sinye kushanela futhi kumahhala. Kukhona ukukhanya okungaphenduki kube losage.
Ijazi lide, izinwele ezimfushane zimboza kuphela ikhanda nemilenze yangaphambili (ngokwengxenye). Izinga livunyelwe imibala emithathu - omnyama (10%), omnyama no-tan (60% wezinja) no-fawn (30%).
Uhlamvu lwenja
Ukubukeka okuthambile kukaHovawart kuyakhohlisa impela. Inja icishe ifane ne-retriever, yingakho ingabonwa njengesongela. Kepha ngeze. Ingozi yangaphandle ihlanganisa iHovawart, futhi ukulungele ukubaphendula bonke labo abangabafuni. Ngezinye izikhathi kuyinja ehlakaniphile enokuthula, ehamba kakhulu futhi ezethembayo. Uthando lwangaphakathi lomnikazi luhambisana nentando eqinile kanye nesimo esivikelayo esivikelayo (ngaphandle kwezimpawu zodlame olungashukunyiswa).
UHovawart uthembekile emalungwini omndeni, akabethembi abantu angabazi futhi uzama ukubusa ezinye izinja. Enye yezimfanelo ezingokwemvelo zohlobo ukuzabalaza kwengcindezi. Izinzwa ezinamandla, eziphindaphindwe ngokungathobeki, zivumela iHovawart ukuthi isetshenziswe ezindaweni eziningi. Izinja zigada indawo ezungezile, ziba ngumhlahlandlela wezimpumputhe, zitakule labo abalahlekile ezintabeni nasosizini emanzini. Izinja (ngenxa yomuzwa wazo onukayo) zivame ukuqashwa ukufuna izidakamizwa / iziqhumane futhi zisebenze emzileni. Ngaphambi kokunquma uhlobo lwenkonzo yenja ethile, uhlelwa ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa kobungcweti.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Ngenxa yesikhundla esinezimiso se-IHF, ngokwenqaba ngokuqinile abakhiqizi ababuthakathaka, iHovawarts iphila isikhathi eside, ngokwesilinganiso seminyaka eyi-14-16.
Ukugcinwa kweHovawart ekhaya
Uma usuqedile isilwane sakho ngesikhathi sokuhamba (sidinga cishe amahora angu-1.5-2 ngosuku), ubukhona bayo efulethini ledolobha buzobe bungabonakali. Izinja ezikhuliswe kahle (futhi ezihambayo!) Izinja azidli zicathulo, iphepha lodonga nefenisha. UHovawart obona umgijimi, oshibilika eqhweni, noma umgibeli webhayisikili uqaphile kakhulu.... Uphatha izinja angabazi ukuthi zingathathi hlangothi, akazivumeli ukuthi zibuse futhi zilawule amasosha asebenzayo. Isici esihle kakhulu seHovawart uthando ngomndeni wakhe, lapho athola khona uthando nenjabulo ngokugcwele.
Ukunakekelwa nokuhlanzeka
Ngaphandle kwejazi elide, ukunakekela inja kulula: izinwele aziphazamiseki kanti iHovawarta ikanywa kanye ngesonto. I-Hovawart sheds, njengezinja zonke, kepha inkinga yokuwa kwezinwele ixazululwa ngokuhlangana okufanayo njalo.
Okubalulekile! Ebusika, ukuze isilwane singabambeleli eqhweni eleqile ekuhambeni, uboya bunqunywa phakathi kwamaphakethe wezidladla. Ukugunda izinwele ngokuvamile akudingeki.
Isakhiwo sejazi sivimbela inja ukuthi ingabi manzi kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuzivocavoca imvula nemvula, iHovawart idinga ukushukuma. Kepha usadinga ukusula noma ukugeza izidladla zakhe. Ngendlela, abameleli bohlobo bathanda kakhulu amanzi nakho konke okuxhumene nakho: izinqubo zokugeza (ezingavamile), uhambo oluya emfuleni / olwandle kanye nemidlalo enobungozi nge-splash.
Ukudla kukaHowawart
Kungcono ukondla isilwane sakho ngokuya ngohlelo lweBARF. Abazalisi abanokwethenjelwa basekela amamenyu abo ku-tripe no-cartilage ongahlanzekile, ngezikhathi ezithile bengeza ezinye inyama zomzimba nenyama yemisipha.
Uma kwenzeka ukungabekezelelani kwenyama eluhlaza kuphakanyisiwe ukuthi kudluliselwe iHovawart ekudleni okuphelele okwenziwe ngomumo. I-Orijen ne-Acana (imikhiqizo emi-2 evela kumkhiqizi oyedwa waseCanada) ithatha izikhundla eziphezulu ezilinganisweni zokudla kwenja. Izithako ezikhethiwe nezingafriziwe zisetshenziselwa ukondla, okusanhlamvu akusetshenziswanga emigqeni ephelele, kepha inani lamaprotheni ezilwane liphezulu (kufika kuma-70%).
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- Ngabe izinja zingakomisa ukudla
- Ukudla kwenja kaPedigri
- Ingqungquthela Ukudla kwenja okuneqiniso
Uma iHovawart yakho inokugaya okujwayelekile, yondle ngokudla kwemvelo okufana nalokhu:
- offal, ikakhulukazi umugqa ongachazwanga nesibindi (okungajwayelekile);
- inyama engenamafutha (inyama yenkomo);
- intambo yezinhlanzi zasolwandle (ngezikhathi ezithile);
- iqanda, i-cottage shizi ne-kefir;
- imifino eyisitshulu futhi eluhlaza (njengesitsha eseceleni);
- iphalishi (ungathatheki!);
- ushizi (njengokwelashwa kokuzivocavoca)
Njengezinja eziningi ezisindayo, iHovawart ijwayele i-gastric volvulus, engagwemeka ngezindlela ezimbili. Okokuqala, inja ayiphakelwa ngaphambi / ngemuva kokuzikhandla okukhulu, futhi okwesibili, babeka isitsha esitendeni esifubeni. Le divayisi yenza ukudla kube lula futhi ivimbela ukuqunjelwa.
Izifo nezinkinga zokuzala
IHovawart kufanele ibonge abalimi abaqinile baseJalimane ngempilo yabo enhle, basebenze kuphela nezinja ezifakazelwe.... Ukuzalela akufaki izilwane ezinabazali abanokukhubazeka okuzalwe nakho, kufaka phakathi okwengqondo.
Ama-bitches nabesilisa bavunyelwe ukushada ngemuva kokuhlolwa okuphelele kwezilwane, okubandakanya:
- ukuhlolwa ngudokotela wamehlo onelayisense (ngokukhishwa kombono);
- isheke senhliziyo nenhliziyo yi-cardiologist;
- ukuvakashela i-endocrinologist ukuhlola indlala yegilo;
- ukuhlaziywa kwegazi jikelele;
- isifinyezo sedysplasia yamajoyini we-hip.
Okubalulekile! Ukuhlolwa okuphoqelekile kwamajoyini kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinja kwafakwa ekwenziweni kokuzalela ngokunembile kusiphakamiso sabazalisi beHovawart. ENtshonalanga Jalimane, baqala ukukwenza lokhu ngo-1965, eMpumalanga - ngo-1968.
Manje amaHovawarts avunyelwe ukuzalisana ngezinga elithile lokuzala hhayi ngaphansi kwesithathu. Izilwane ezaziwa njengokuzalela zingaba nenani elilinganiselwe lama-litter: ama-bitches - angafika kwayisithupha (empeleni awekho ngaphezu kwamabili), abesilisa - abahlanu. Lezi zinyathelo azinyuki, kepha zilondoloza futhi zithuthukise inani labantu baseHovawart. Ngenxa yokuqikelela okukhulu kweJalimane, amaphesenti ezifo ezizuzwe njengezifo zomzimba nezengqondo kulolu hlobo ziphansi kakhulu.
Imfundo nokuqeqeshwa
Umuntu onolwazi lokuqeqeshwa uzosungula ukuxhumana kalula neHovawart, ehlala izama ukujabulisa umnikazi. Amakilasi akhiwa ngokungaguquguquki nasenzalweni, ngokwanda kancane kancane kokuxaka kwawo. Ungalindeli ukwenziwa okumsulwa kwemiyalo evela kumdlwane futhi ukhumbule ukuthi iHovawart ayikubekezeleli ukucindezelwa nokuba luhlaza, ikakhulukazi leyo ephenduka ingcindezi yomzimba.
Abafundisi abaqeqesha izinhlobo ezisindayo (ngokwesibonelo, i-Rottweiler) ukuze bavikeleke, qaphela izimfanelo ezinenzuzo zeHovawart: isebenza kahle kakhulu, ilulama ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzikhandla, iyakwazi ukushesha futhi isheshe. IHovawart idlula noma yiluphi uhlobo olukhulu ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca okukhulu enkantolo.
AmaHovawarts akhombisa imiphumela ephezulu hhayi kuphela enkonzweni, kepha nasekuqeqesheni ezemidlalo, kungaba ubugagu noma ischutzhund. Ngokombono wabazalisi baseJalimane, ukukhula kweHovawart ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo kukhula ngeminyaka emi-3. Lesi simo kufanele sinakwe lapho kuqala imfundo nokuqeqeshwa kwakhe. UHovawart weqiniso akanalo uvalo nokuhlanya, uphendulela ikhanda lakhe enkantolo, uhlala eqaphe isimo futhi ulungele nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ukubuyisa ukuhlaselwa okungazelelwe.
Thenga inja yeHovawart
I-IHF ilokhu igcizelela ukuthi iHovawart akuyona indawo yezentengiselwano ekhangiswayo futhi ikhushulwe ngenzuzo. Imidlwane ayivunyelwe ukuthengiswa kubantu bamazwe angafakiwe kwi-IHF.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ummeleli wokuqala wohlanga ogama lakhe lingu-Ashley Palazove Pieknoszi wabonakala eRussia kuphela ngo-2004. Futhi eminyakeni emi-2 kamuva, kusukela ekuhlanganiseni u-Ashley wesilisa ozalwayo kanye no-bitch ongenisiwe u-PP Zilki (eHungary), amaHovawarts wokuqala wasekhaya azalelwa esibayeni saseHof Harz.
Iminyaka eyi-11 "eHof Harz" cishe amalitha angama-30 (izizukulwane ezi-4 zezinja) abone ukukhanya - isamba semikhawulo eyi-155 yemibala emithathu eyaziwayo. Ikennel livalwe ngoJanuwari 2017, kepha manje iHovawarts engaxutshwe nalutho inikezwa ngamakhaya amaningi eMoscow, e-Omsk, eSt. Petersburg, eYekaterinburg naseZaporozhye (e-Ukraine).
Yini okufanele uyibheke
Kungcono ukutadisha indinganiso yokuzalanisa ngaphambi kokuthenga. EJalimane, ngokwesibonelo, labo abafisa ukuthola iHovawart bafaka isicelo eqenjini lokuzalela bese belinda (kwesinye isikhathi kuze kube izinyanga eziyisithupha!) Isinqumo sabaphathi bekilabhu. Le yindlela imidlwane ifika ngayo kubantu abakwaziyo ukunakekela nokufundisa okunekhono.
Enkulisa, kufanele wethule uhlu lozalo namadiploma asebenzayo abakhiqizi... Ungathembi abalamuli abathembisa ukuletha izimpahla eziphilayo ezivela phesheya, kepha hamba uyothathela umdlwane ngokwakho. Uma kungenjalo, ungathenga isilwane esinamaphutha (kokubili ngaphandle nasempilweni). Umdlwane awuthathwa ngaphambi kwamasonto ayisishiyagalombili ubudala. Kule minyaka yobudala, inja inesisindo okungenani esingu-7 kg, i-bitch - 6 kg (lezi zinkomba zilawulwa ngumfuyi).
Intengo ye-hovawart puppy
Lezi zinja azishibhile ngenxa yokukhethekile nokusebenza kwazo okuvelele. Intengo yemidlwane iqala kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-30 (ezinkulisa zeRussia Federation). Noma ngubani othatha iHovawart kumele amele inani elilinganisiwe lezindleko - ukubamba iqhaza emibonisweni, ukuvakashela kudokotela wezilwane, ukudla okuphelele / ukugcina nokukhokha abafundisi. Uma amandla akho wezezimali enqunyelwe, kungcono ukwenqaba ukuthenga.
Ukubuyekezwa komnikazi
Labo ababenenhlanhla yokuthola ubungani noHovawart bayavuma ukuthi akekho olingana naye... Futhi akubanga kangako ngokubukeka kwakhe okuhle, kepha kumayelana nobuntu bakhe obuhle kakhulu. Inja inobungane kubantu ongabazi nezinja, ayisoze yeqa kuqala, kepha izophendula ngaso sonke isikhathi kulaka.
Okubalulekile!UHovawart uzolwa nomuntu ozama ukucasula inkosi yakhe: anikeze uRottweiler ukwenqaba okufanele noma amvikele esiqhwaga esidakiwe.
Le yinja enkulu, kodwa hhayi enkulu enengubo ethambile ngokumangazayo, engafakwanga futhi ecishe ingayinikezi inja. AmaHovawarts ahlala womabili egcekeni (ngaphandle kwedolobha) nasefulethini ledolobha, adinga ukuhamba nsuku zonke kwehora eli-1.5 nokuqeqeshwa kwezemidlalo ngezimpelasonto (amahora angu-4-5). Bayazi ukuthi bangabonakali kanjani ekhaya, kepha bayaguqulwa, bafakwe kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lomsebenzi - ukuncintisana, ukuqeqeshwa kwezinsizakalo noma imidlalo yangaphandle.
